Althea Medical Journal
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
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<![CDATA[Correlation of Intestinal Protozoa Infection with the Nutritional Status of Toddlers Aged 12–59 Months in Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Ardyansyah, Rizky Robeth]]>;
<![CDATA[Armiyanti, Yunita]]>;
<![CDATA[Astuti, Ida Srisurani Wiji]]>;
<![CDATA[Hermansyah, Bagus]]>;
<![CDATA[Utami, Wiwien Sugih]]>;
<![CDATA[Sulistyaningsih, Erma]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n2.3191
<![CDATA[Background: Intestinal protozoan infection is a problem faced by the global community at all ages. In toddlers, it can cause problems in the form of decreased nutritional status, which is often found in developing countries such as Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between intestinal protozoa infection and the nutritional status of toddlers.Methods: An observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted in October–December 2022 on 45 children aged 12–59 months in Sucopangepok Village, Jelbuk District, Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia using, consecutive sampling techniques and a total sample size. Nutritional Status was measured based on body weight to body length using the WHO Anthropometric Calculator. Stool examination used the direct smear method and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Data was analyzed using the Cramer's V test. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.. Results: The incidence of wasted children was 15.6% and severely wasted was 2.2%. Intestinal protozoan infection had an incidence of 15.6%. The species detected were Giardia lamblia (6.7%), Cryptosporidium parvum (6.7%), and Blastocystis hominis (2.2%). Statistical analysis showed there was no correlation between intestinal protozoan infection and nutritional status (p= 0.441; r = 0.191).Conclusions: There is no correlation between intestinal protozoan infection and the nutritional status of toddlers. However, comprehensive collaboration between the government and the community needs to be improved, as well as healthy lifestyles for toddlers which also need to be encouraged to overcome nutritional problems in children under five old and prevent intestinal protozoa infections.]]>
<![CDATA[Anxiety Levels of Medical Students in Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic ]]>
<![CDATA[Amadeus, Joachim Kenneth]]>;
<![CDATA[Veronica, Fifi]]>;
<![CDATA[Oktavia, Nandina]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudi, Kurnia]]>;
<![CDATA[Lydiana, Lynna]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n2.3187
<![CDATA[Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the education sector and caused major changes. This situation provides challenges for students, resulting in increased anxiety, especially for medical students who tend to have higher level of anxiety. This study aimed to determine the proportion of anxiety levels among undergraduate medical students in online learning during the COVID pandemic.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in September–November 2022, involving 156 undergraduate medical students at Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia batch 2019–2021 who had no history of somatic or psychiatric disease. The stratified simple random sampling method was used. Anxiety levels was assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation.Results: Participants were dominated by females (71.1%), average age 19.9 years with a grade point average (GPA) of 3.51-4.00 (88.5%). The anxiety level of most participants was mild (67.9%) and 19.2% were at the severe level. Interestingly, severe levels of anxiety seemed to occur more commonly in females, group batch 2020, GPA 2.51-3.00, living alone and in a place other than in the family home or rented house. Furthermore, respiratory manifestations tended to be the mildest, whereas intellectual manifestations were more often severely impacted.Conclusions: The anxiety level of undergraduate medical students in Universitas Padjadjaran is mostly mild. Female more often experience anxiety at a more severe level. Further research is needed to identify and analyze more comprehensively other possible anxiety factors in medical students.]]>
<![CDATA[Relationship between Knowledge and Compliance Using Anti-dyslipidemic Drugs among Hypertensive Patients with Dyslipidemia in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Batasalsabilla, Sitti Alifa]]>;
<![CDATA[Kuswinarti, Kuswinarti]]>;
<![CDATA[Andean, Rudolf]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n2.3084
<![CDATA[Background: Dyslipidemia occurs in 60% of hypertensive patients. Effective treatment of hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by more than 50%. However, compliance with dyslipidemia medication in dyslipidemia patients is still low. Low compliance can be attributed to poor knowledge. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between knowledge and compliance using antidyslipidemic drugs in hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from August to September 2022 at the Pasirkaliki Public Health Center (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Puskesmas), Bandung, Indonesia. The consecutive sampling method was used to collect 64 hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia who were taking anti-dyslipidemic drugs. Primary data on knowledge and compliance were obtained through valid and reliable questionnaires. The Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between the two variables.Results: The study results showed that 95.3% of respondents had good knowledge. Respondent compliance showed obedience of 78.1%. Respondents with good knowledge had an obedience rate of 78.1%. There was a relationship between knowledge and compliance to using anti-dyslipidemic drugs in hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia (p=0.001).Conclusions: There is a relationship between knowledge and compliance with the use of anti-dyslipidemia drugs in hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia. Almost all patients have good knowledge. Continuous maintenance and improvement of patient knowledge is required, which can be achieved by conducting health education to better understand the relationship between diseases and the importance of taking medication.]]>
<![CDATA[Effectiveness of Pandang Dengar Orang Dengan HIV Campaign in Reducing HIV Stigma among Youth in Pati Regency, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Madona, Ade]]>;
<![CDATA[Azizah, Adelia Nur]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Khasanah, Devi Jantika]]>;
<![CDATA[Seviani, Kiky Firda]]>;
<![CDATA[Aji, Dony Prasetyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Arifah, Izzatul]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n2.3188
<![CDATA[Background: Recently, there has been a significant increase in new HIV infections in several regions in Indonesia, one of which is Pati Regency, Central Java. The considerable barrier in preventing HIV/AIDS is the widespread stigma against people living with HIV (PLHIV). Innovative interventions are required to eliminate HIV stigma, particularly among young people. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Pandang Dengar Orang Dengan HIV (ODHIV) campaign in reducing HIV stigma among youth in Pati Regency, Indonesia.Methods: This was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design with randomization. The residents of Pati Regency aged 15 to 29 years who were active users of Instagram and WhatsApp were involved. The Pandang Dengar ODHIV campaign was conducted using Instagram Reels four times a week for three weeks in the intervention group. The instruments used were the Global Stigma and Discrimination Indicator Working Group (GSDIWG) and the Strive research consortium. The T-test was used to analyze the data with a significance level of 95%.Results: The results revealed a decrease in HIV stigma in both the intervention and control groups (p=0.001). After the intervention, the mean stigma score in the intervention group was lower than the mean in the control group (mean difference of 0.044), however, was not statistically significant (p-value=0.961).Conclusions: The Pandang Dengar ODHIV campaign is effective in reducing HIV stigma among youth in Pati Regency, Indonesia. Further research is needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of campaign in wider audiences and other areas.]]>
<![CDATA[Second-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Susceptibility Pattern in Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Suwandi, Shianny Natasha]]>;
<![CDATA[Kulsum, Iceu Dimas]]>;
<![CDATA[Andriyoko, Basti]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n2.3147
<![CDATA[Background: Indonesia has the second-highest tuberculosis prevalence in the world. Moreover, Indonesia is among the 30 countries with the highest burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). This study aimed to determine the pattern of second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in MDR-TB patients.Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional using data from MDR-TB patients aged 18 years and older, diagnosed with drug-resistant TB at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from December 2021 to June 2022. Total sampling was used. Data on age, gender, history of previous antituberculosis drug treatment and second-line antituberculosis drug susceptibility test results were collected. Resistance distribution patterns were identified using the Line Probe Assay (LPA) and the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) test.Results: Of 134 data retrieved, only 82 data were complete. The median age of the patients was 42 years (range 27-51 years), predominantly female (53.7%), without a history of antituberculosis drug treatment (52.4%). The highest number of resistances was resistant to high dose isoniazid (43.9%), followed by low dose fluoroquinolone (14.6%). Among patients who were resistant to low dose moxifloxacin, 16.67% of patients were still sensitive to high dose moxifloxacin. There was no resistance to bedaquiline.Conclusions: Almost half of the patients are resistant to high dose isoniazid, followed by resistance to low dose fluoroquinolone. These finding are expected to be taken into consideration by clinicians in making decisions on the diagnosis or management of MDR-TB patients and can further serve as input for the government in implementing MDR-TB control programs in Indonesia.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of the Dates Milkshake on the Duration of the First Stage of Labor ]]>
<![CDATA[Wahyuni, Elly]]>;
<![CDATA[Baska, Dwie Yunita]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n2.3177
<![CDATA[Background: Prolonged labor can occur due to malnutrition during the first stage of labor. During the labor process, women need foods rich in sugar, such as dates milkshake, to optimize uterine contractions. This study aimed to explore the effect of dates milkshake on the duration of the first stage of labor.Method: This study was a quasi-experiment conducted from August to November 2021 in Bengkulu City, Indonesia using a posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups. Participants included 34 primigravida and multigravida women who were then divided into intervention group who received dates milkshake and control group who received local fruit juice, each with 17 participants. Daily routine consumption and the partographs during labor were observed. The data obtained was analyzed using Mann Whitney and Cochran’s and Mantel-Haenszel.Results: The duration of labor in mothers given dates milkshake averaged 4.1 hours (± 0.697), ranging from 3 to 5 hours; meanwhile the control group averaged 7 hours (± 1.904), ranging from 5 to 11 hours. There was a significant difference in the duration of labor between mothers given dates milkshake and local fruit juice (p= 0.000, OR=4.0).Conclusions: Dates milkshake has an effect on shortening the duration of the first stage of labor. Dates milkshake can be used as a viable food choice for pregnant women to help maintain and increase maternal energy availability during childbirth.]]>
<![CDATA[Curcuma longa L. Prevents Hepatotoxicity Induced Isoniazid and Rifampicin: An Experiment in Wistar Rats Model ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahman, Putri Halleyana]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwiwina, Resti Gradia]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratiwi, Yuni Susanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Bashari, Muhammad Hasan]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n2.3161
<![CDATA[Background: Hepatotoxicity induced by the combination of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) remains a major concern. Oxidative stress has a role in mechanism of hepatotoxicity. Curcuma longa L. has been widely used as a traditional medicine and has shown antioxidant activity. This study aimed to provide evidence of Curcuma longa L as protection against oxidative stress induced by isoniazid and rifampicin therapy.Methods: This was an experimental study on male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 grams, aged 8-10 weeks which were divided into a negative control group (K0), a positive control group with INH + RIF (K1), a treatment group with a dose of 2.2 gr/kg/day Curcuma longa L powder (K2), and treatment group with INH+RIF and additional 2.2 gr/kg/day turmeric rhizome powder (K2+). SGOT and SGPT were measured from blood plasma on the 28th day; then hepatic tissue was obtained to measure MDA levels and observed histologically. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and continued with Duncan procedure using SPSS ver. 27.Results: SGOT, SGPT, the highest average MDA level in the liver, and the highest mean necrotic cell count in the positive control group showed a significant difference (p<0.05). The treatment group had a smaller average number of necrotic cells than the positive control group with a significant difference (p <0.05).Conclusion: Curcuma longa L powder has been shown to prevent elevation in SGOT, SGPT, MDA of liver tissue and hepatocyte necrosis, indicating its potential in protecting the liver from oxidative stress.]]>
<![CDATA[Factors Affecting Breast Milk Substitute in Pidie Jaya, Aceh, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Fazira, Frisca]]>;
<![CDATA[Arisanti, Nita]]>;
<![CDATA[Gurnida, Dida]]>;
<![CDATA[Susiarno, Hadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Azis, Muhammad Alamsyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Rusmil, Kusnandi]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n2.3060
<![CDATA[Background: Breast milk is the first, main, and best natural food for babies. Breast milk contains various nutrients needed in the process of growth and development of babies. Breastfeeding is a health behavior carried out by mothers. This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the provision of breast milk substitutes.Methods: This was a quantitative study, using a cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out from July to August 2022 on 71 mothers who had babies aged up to 6 months at the Bandar Baru Public Health Center, Pidie Jaya, Aceh, Indonesia. Consecutive sampling technique was used. The variables studied included behavior intentions, social support, accessibility of information, personal autonomy, and situational action. Chi-square was used to assess the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variables.Results: Most mothers were aged 20–35 years (70.4%), had junior high school education (78.9%), were unemployed (76.1%), and most did not provide breast milk substitutes (70.4%). Mothers who provided breast milk substitutes was significantly associated with the mother’s intention to give breast milk (p=0.002) and environmental conditions/situations for action (p=0.001). Mothers with low intentions tended to substitute breastmilk (53.8%). Furthermore, the situation of action influenced mothers to provide breast milk substitutes (48.6%).Conclusion: Factors that influence mothers to provide breast milk substitutes are low intention and environmental conditions/situations to act. Therefore, education for mothers to give exclusive breast milk is encouraged. ]]>
<![CDATA[Spatial Autocorrelation of Dengue and Its Relationship with Population Density in South Kalimantan, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Norjanah, Norjanah]]>;
<![CDATA[Ridha, Muhammad Rasyid]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n2.3190
<![CDATA[Background: Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of Aedes aegypti and Ae. Albopictus mosquitoes. Demographic factors that may influence the development and prevalence of dengue cases include variations in population density, community characteristics, and economic and social demographics. This study aimed to determine the distribution, spatial autocorrelation, and relationship between population density and dengue.Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted in Hulu Sungai Selatan District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data on dengue cases, population density for each sub-district, and base maps were collected to and then be used as analysis material. Spatial autocorrelation was analyzed using the Moran's index and Local Spatial Autocorrelation Index (LISA), then the correlation of population density with dengue was carried out using linear regression.Result: Spatial Autocorrelation had positive autocorrelation and clustered spatial patterns in 2017 and 2018; whereas in 2019-2021 was negative and the spatial pattern was spread. There was a decrease in cases from high to low (HL) in Kandangan District in 2021, which was previously high to high (HH) in 2017-2019. There was a correlation between population density and dengue (R-value=0.448) with a moderate category.Conclusion: Dengue cases are more widespread in Kandangan. The spatial autocorrelation of dengue that occurs between sub-districts in Hulu Sunga Selatan District is due to sub-district location in the city center. There is a correlation between dengue and population density. Therefore, controlling dengue should be prioritized in the city center area first to break the chain of dengue transmission between sub-district in Hulu Sunga Selatan District. ]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Yoga on Anxiety Levels among Medical Students During COVID-19 Pandemic ]]>
<![CDATA[Prameswari, Yovita Rinda]]>;
<![CDATA[Amita, Angela Shinta Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Gracia, Isadora]]>;
<![CDATA[Lilis, Lilis]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n2.3173
<![CDATA[Background: The COVID-19 pandemic became one of the factors that caused anxiety among medical students. Anxiety needs to be managed before it develops into a disorder. Yoga as a complementary therapy can reduce anxiety. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of yoga on anxiety levels among medical students.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in February–September 2022 and participated by medical students at the Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia experienced anxiety. Participants were divided into two groups; an intervention group and a control group. Anxiety levels were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42) questionnaire. The intervention provided was the Atma Jaya Yoga Intervention Studies (AJYOGIS) procedure for nine weeks. Yoga practice was performed online via Zoom and offline on campus. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test data distribution, Paired Sample T-Test and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test to observe changes within groups. The changes between groups were analyzed using Unpaired Sample T-Test and Mann-Whitney test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Of the 36 medical students participated, the anxiety level of most participants was in the moderate category (41.7%). There was a significant decrease in anxiety scores in the intervention and control group after practicing yoga (p<0.05). However, there was no significant change in the anxiety category in the control group (p=0.231).Conclusion: Yoga can reduce anxiety levels, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further detailed analysis with a larger sample size is needed to strengthen these findings.]]>
