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Althea Medical Journal
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23374330     DOI : 10.15850/amj
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
 102   103   104   105   106 
Characteristics of Extraneural Tuberculosis in Patients with Tuberculous Meningitis Hospitalized at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia in 2017–2021 Grazielle, Grazielle; Ganiem, Ahmad Rizal; Sobaryati, Sobaryati; Dian, Sofiati; Santoso, Prayudi
Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n4.3205

Abstract

Background: Tuberculous (TB) meningitis is the most severe manifestation of extrapulmonary TB and contributes to a high mortality rate. The presence of extraneural TB may raise suspicion of TB meningitis (TBM). This study aimed to explore the characteristics of extraneural TB in TBM patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using secondary data from medical records of TBM patients admitted at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia from 2017 to 2021. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including HIV status. TBM cases were classified into grades I, II, and III using Medical Research Counsil (MRC) criteria that were based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and the presence of focal neurological deficits. The clinical classification diagnosis of TBM was made based on the Marais diagnostic criteria which included several diagnostic items and corresponding scoring which further divides TBM into three classes. Extraneural TB is defined as the finding of TB outside the nervous system. Disseminated TB was diagnosed based on the finding of ≥2 infected locations.Results: During the study period, 497 medical records were analyzed. Most TBM patients experienced Grade II (76.9%) and extraneural TB site was found in 65.4%, with pulmonary TB as the common site (77%). The highest mortality rate was in disseminated TB (50%). The finding of extraneural TB did not differ between HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients (67.8% vs. 67.9%; p=0.101).Conclusion:  The presence of extraneural TB is common in patients with TBM. Therefore, extraneural TB evaluation is important to ensure TBM diagnosis. Further studies are needed to explore factors related to TBM diagnosis to ensure TBM patient’s wellbeing.
Correlation of Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio and C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio with MEX-SLEDAI Scores in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Amelia, Rachel; Wasilah, Fajar; Suraya, Nida Suraya
Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n3.3255

Abstract

Background: One of the methods used to assess systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity is the Mexican systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (MEX-SLEDAI) score. Markers of SLE  disease activity such as anti-dsDNA antibodies, complement, and anti C1q  have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity.  In rural areas where these markers are not available, simpler alternative markers are valuable. This study aimed to explore markers related to SLE disease activity based on the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and C-reactive protein albumin ratio (CAR) using the MEX-SLEDAI score.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a correlational analytical design. Data collection was carried out retrospectively using secondary data taken from medical records of patients with SLE treated at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia in 2019–2021 and the Laboratory Information System (LIS). The data was analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test.Results: Of the 51 participants, 92% were female with median MEX-SLEDAI scores of 9. The median value of PLR and CAR were 247.07 and 2.01, respectively. The CAR showed a moderate positive correlation (r=0.563, p<0.001), whereas the PLR showed no correlation (r=0.023, p>0.05) with the MEX-SLEDAI score.Conclusions: MEX-SLEDAI scores has a moderate positive correlation with CAR, suggesting that CAR may be used as a marker in assessing disease activity in adult patients with SLE.
Significant Relationship between Hypertension and Obesity among Female Patients at A Hospital in Kupang, Indonesia Wijaya, Darlene Monica; Indriarini, Desi; Wungouw, Herman Pieter Louis; Artawan, I Made
Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n4.3196

Abstract

Background: Hypertension or high blood pressure is one of the most common non-communicable diseases found nowadays, affecting 1.28 billion people worldwide and causing about 7.5 million deaths annually. Many factors contribute to hypertension, one of which is obesity. This study aimed to explore further the relationship between hypertension and obesity, especially in female patients in Kupang, Indonesia.Methods: This study was an analytical observational with a cross-sectional approach, including female patients visited the outpatient’s clinic of internal medicine at a hospital in Kupang, Indonesia from July to August 2022. A purposive sampling technique was used. Data collection used an aneroid sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, and health scale. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. The strength of the correlation was tested with the coefficient of contingency.Results: Of the 100 female patients, 28% had hypertension and 41% were obese. The majority were housewives, aged 46–66 years. Chi square test results showed a significant relationship between obesity and hypertension (p=0.006). However, the correlation test with the contingency coefficient showed a positive correlation with weak correlation (r = 0.283).Conclusions: There is a relationship between hypertension and obesity in female patients at a hospital in Kupang, Indonesia. This finding highlights the need for effective management and prevention strategies, as well as promoting healthy lifestyles.
Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Candida albicans in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Urinary Tract Infections Prijana, Christian; Parwati, Ida; Prihatni, Delita
Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n3.3351

Abstract

Background: Candida spp. is an opportunistic fungi genus that can turn into pathogens, especially in those with inadequate immune response such as in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), of which Candida albicans is the most common species. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antifungal resistance patterns of Candida albicans in DM and non-DM patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs).Methods: A retrospective descriptive observational study was conducted in 2023 using medical record data of DM and non-DM patients with UTIs who were treated at a tertiary hospital in Bandung, Indonesia from July 2019 to December 2021. Data on patient characteristics, proportion of fungal species causing UTI, and antifungal resistance patterns of Candida albicans were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and presented in tabular form and chart.Results: Of a total 291 patient data, 21 were DM patients and 270 were non-DM patients, mostly were female, 71.4% and 58.2%, respectively. The prevalence of Candida albicans in DM patients was 66.7% and in non-DM patients was 70.7%, mostly resistant to micafungin (7.1% and 8.9%, respectively).Conclusion: Female is more susceptible to UTIs. More than half of DM and non-DM patients with UTIs are infected with Candida albicans, and mostly resistant to micafungin. Antifungal treatment guidelines based on resistance patterns and education on personal hygiene to prevent UTIs are recommended.
Difference of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin Lymphoma Jones, Frenky; Mersiana, Lusi; Oehadian, Amaylia; Marthoenis, Marthoenis
Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n4.3335

Abstract

Background: Malignancy and inflammation are strongly connected. The inflammatory processes play a significant part in the development of lymphoma. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) can be used as potential biomarkers of inflammation in lymphoma. This study aimed to discover the differences between NLR, MLR, and PLR in patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Methods: This study employed a retrospective design using data from the lymphoma registry at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia from 2020 to 2023. Sampling was carried out consecutively. Hematological data of patients with NHL and HL before chemotherapy were collected. The variance between the two groups was examined utilizing the Mann-Whitney U test.Results: In total, 122 data of patients were included, consisting of 75% NHL patients and 25% HL patients with a median age of 54 years (IQR 43–62). The overall NLR, MLR, and PLR tended to be lower in nHL than in HL patients although the differences were not statistically significant; with NLR 2.7 (0.7 – 12.2) vs. 3.2 (1.1 – 10.8)  p=0.287, MLR 0.36 (0.04 – 1.86) vs. 0.46 (0.09 – 1.78) p=0.150, and PLR was 160.6 (20.2 – 1533.3) vs. 211.2 (50.6–1156.3) p=0.189, for NHL and HL, respectively.Conclusion: The lower values of NLR, MLR, and PLR in NHL indicate lower systemic inflammatory status in NHL than HL patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate dynamic changes of these biomarkers during treatment.
Accuracy of Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) Score System as An Early Diagnostic Predictor of Necrotizing Fasciitis in A Tertiary Referral Hospital in Bandung, Indonesia Djajakusumah, Teguh Marfen; Septrina, Rani; Dwinanda, Arief
Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n3.3341

Abstract

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a serious infection that can rapidly kill tissue and potentially lead to multiple organ failure. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for survival. The laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC) score may aid in early detection of NF. Although initially promising, studies on the effectiveness of LRINEC have shown mixed results. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of LRINEC in predicting NF.Methods: This was an observational prospective cohort study, including patients with NF as well as skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) who were treated at a tertiary referral hospital in Bandung, Indonesia in 2022. The LRINEC scores was calculated to measure sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). The accuracy of LRINEC scores was specified in the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Of the total 70 patients, 33 were diagnosed with NF and 37 with SSTI. The LRINEC score with ≥6 points cut-off showed a sensitivity of 90.9% (95%CI; 75.67–98.08%), specificity of 75.60% (95%CI; 58.80–88.23%), PPV of 76.9% (95%CI; 60.67–88.87%), and NPV 90.30% (95%CI; 74.25–97.96%). The area under the ROC (AUROC) curve for the accuracy of the LRINEC scores was 0.895 (95%CI; 0.821–0.969).Conclusions: The laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC) score is an accurate predictor and feasible early diagnostic indicator in NF. However, clinical judgment remains a crucial factor in diagnosing NF.
Severity of White Matter Lesions Correlate with Small Vessel Ischemic Stroke Zahirah, Mutiara; Fatmawati, Heni; Wiryaning Putri, Komang Yunita
Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n4.3338

Abstract

Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of death globally. White matter lesions (WMLs) are often observed on brain imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in healthy elders and are considered as stroke predictors. Increased WMLs volume also affects small vessel stroke with worse disability. This study aimed to explore the correlation between WMLs severity and small vessel stroke subtype in acute ischemic stroke patients.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using medical record data from June 2018 to October 2022. Simple randomized sampling was used, including stroke patients at Siloam Hospital, Jember. The Fazekas scale categorized WMLs, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) confirmed small vessel stroke etiology-based subtype. Two-tailed Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient test was employed to describe the relationship between WMLs severity and small vessel stroke subtype. Results: From a total of 65 acute ischemic stroke patients, 39 patients were included, predominantly females (62%), aged less than 55 years old (44%) with a history of hypertension (54%) and diabetes mellitus (59%). Small vessel stroke subtype was found in 64% of patients. There was a positive correlation between WMLs and the small vessel stroke subtype in acute ischemic stroke patients (p=0.02), suggesting that a higher Fazekas scale correlated with the small vessel subtype.Conclusion: The higher the severity of WMLs, the greater the correlation with small vessel stroke subtype. Early detection of small vessel ischemic stroke in patients with severe WML may contribute to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of ischemic stroke. 
Effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Leaf Extract in Lowering Triglyceride Levels and Body Weight of Wistar Rats with Metabolic Syndrome Sarsanti, Arifa Sherina Noor; Putranto, R. Prihandjojo Andri; Sarsono, Sarsono; Nurwati, Ida; Baihaqy, Fathu Thaariq
Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n3.3315

Abstract

Background: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius has the potential to be antidyslipidemic which has the effect of lowering triglyceride levels. This study aimed to explore the effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extract on triglyceride levels and body weight of Wistar rats with metabolic syndrome.Methods: This randomized controlled trial with a pre- and posttest design was conducted in 2021 at the Center for Food and Nutrition Studies, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Male Wistar rats were subjected into metabolic syndrome state with a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFHFD) for 21 days, then injected with Streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg) and Nicotinamide (NA, 110 mg/kg), and designated as positive control group. The intervention group was given 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 450 mg/kg dose of leaf extract for 28 days. Triglyceride, glucose, high-density lipoprotein or HDL, and cholesterol were measured before and after intervention, using serum samples taken from the retro-orbital vein and analyzed using an enzymatic colorimetric method. The Wistar weight was measured every week. Data was analyzed by paired T-test and One-way ANOVA with Post-hoc Bonferroni and Games-Howell.Results: There was a significant decrease in triglyceride levels after the intervention (p< 0.005). Interestingly, there was also a significant increase in weight gain in all groups after the intervention (p=0.000), both were dose dependent.Conclusion: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extract is significantly lowering triglyceride levels in the Wistar rats model. In addition, weight gain has also been observed after intervention. Clinical studies are needed to further explore the potential of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves as anti-dyslipidemia.
Nuclear Changes Features in Buccal Mucosa Smear of Adult Male Smokers Using Pappaniculou Staining Kharisma, Yuktiana; Indriyanti, Raden Anita; Yuniarti, Lelly; Noormartany, Noormartany; Nur, Ismet Muchtar; Yenolinsky, Yolanda
Althea Medical Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v12n1.3486

Abstract

Background: Tobacco smoke contains a combination of chemicals that could be harmful to the buccal mucosa as the first part of the body that has been exposed. Damage to the buccal epithelial cells has the potential to become a malignant lesion. This study aimed to describe changes in the nuclear epithelial of the buccal mucosa using Pappaniculou staining as an indicator of mucosal damage in smokers.Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study, involving adult male participants from Bale Endah District, Bandung Regency, Indonesia aged >35 years, who had smoked for ≥10 years. Buccal mucosa smear was taken, and the features of nuclear epithelial changes were observed per 500 cells, each at 400x magnification with Pappaniculou stain to evaluate the features of micronucleus, broken egg, karyorrhexis, karyolysis. Those who did not smoke were recruited as a control group.Results: Smokers were mostly light active smokers or kretek cigarettes, with a smoking duration of ≥15 years. The frequency of micronucleus (p<0.001), broken eggs (p<0.001), karyorrhexis (p=0.001), karyolysis (p=0.003) in the buccal mucosal epithelial was significantly different between the smoker and non-smoker groups.Conclusions: All epithelial nuclear changes have shown significant differences between smoker and non-smoker groups. Nuclear epithelial features in smoker may be associated with future malignancies, therefore, smoking cessation programs are necessary to substantially reduce tobacco use, thus fostering a healthy lifestyle for everyone.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Mimosa pudica L. in Indonesian Traditional Medicine Kristiana, Lusi; Lestari, Weny; Supriadi, Mery Budiarti
Althea Medical Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v12n1.3754

Abstract

Background: Traditional medicine and traditional healers have a long history of treating diseases in Indonesia. One of the plants that has been used by traditional healers (battra) is Mimosa pudica L. (MP), which is easily found throughout Indonesia. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of traditional herbal medicine containing MP by battra in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a descriptive method using secondary data from the Research on Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicine (Riset tumbuhan obat dan jamu/RISTOJA), which was conducted in 2012, 2015 and 2017 by the Ministry of Health Indonesia. This study analyzed the utility of MP from 106 concoctions made by 90 battras, from 80 ethnic groups in 23 provinces of Indonesia. Concoctions were categorised based on the parts used, and the herbs’ composition, including preparation and administration. Results: Mimosa pudica L. (MP) in 106 concoctions divided into 48 single-plant uses and 70 multi-plants uses, to treat 38 diseases. The most concoctions were for skin diseases (10 concoctions), followed by rheumatism and gout (9), tumor/cancer and cough (8), haemorrhoids (7), diabetes (6), low back pain (4), and jaundice (4). The most common administration was orally (65.1%). The leaves were the most widely used in herbal medicine, by drinking after being boiled in water.Conclusions: This study provides information on the use of Mimosa pudica L. (MP) concoctions by battra from various ethnic groups and provinces in Indonesia. MP has a variety of pharmacological activities that are consistent with its use in traditional medicine, even potentially addressing age-related diseases such as antidiabetic, anticholesterol, and antihyperlipidemic. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of multi-ingredient herbal medicines, as well as its preparation and administration in relation to hygiene.

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