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INDONESIA
Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,166 Documents
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Tingkat Efisiensi Usahatani Bunga Potong Mawar dalam Pengembangan Agribisnis di Indonesia Supriadi, H; Nurmalinda, -; Ridwan, H
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 3 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian efisiensi usahatani bunga potong mawar telah dilakukan di Kecamatan Parompong (Lembang) dan Kecamatan Cipanas (Cianjur) Jawa Barat dari bulan Juli-Desember 2003. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi potensi dan kelemahan dari sistem budidaya bunga potong mawar dengan dan tanpa naungan dan mencari alternatif perbaikan yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan pendapatan petani. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara terstruktur dengan petani dan pedagang. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan secara deskriptif, sedangkan analisis biaya dan pendapatan dilakukan dengan metode analisis finansial statik. Analisis kekuatan dan kelemahan dari sistem usahatani yang ada menghasilkan alternatif pengembangan usahatani bunga potong mawar. Permasalahan utama usahatani bunga potong mawar adalah kurang efisiennya penggunaan pestisida, tenaga kerja intensif, dan biaya pemasaran tinggi. Produktivitas bunga potong mawar di tingkat petani hanya berkisar (2-10) tangkai/m2, sedangkan potensinya dapat 18 tangkai/m2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usahatani bunga potong mawar cukup menguntungkan dengan rerata pendapatan bersih petani dengan sistem naungan sebesar Rp. 125 juta/ha, sedangkan tanpa naungan menghasilkan Rp. 109 juta/ha. Kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa kedua tingkat efisiensi usahatani kedua sistem budidaya relatif masih rendah, yaitu B/C = 0,90 (sistem naungan) dan B/C = 0,91 (sistem tanpa naungan). Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa pada usahatani dengan dan tanpa sistem naungan, efisiensi perlu ditingkatkan terutama untuk menekan biaya penggunaan pestisida, tenaga kerja, irigasi, dan biaya pemasaran. Pada sistem naungan, biaya konstruksi naungan dan kebergantungan bibit impor juga perlu diperhatikan. Secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa usahatani bunga potong mawar yang efisien dan menguntungkan memenuhi kriteria produksi dan frekuensi panen tinggi, produk berkualitas dengan nilai tinggi sesuai permintaan pasar, banyak alternatif varietas, biaya produksi rendah, dan serangan hama/penyakit rendah.ABSTRACT. Supriadi, H., Nurmalinda, and H. Ridwan. 2008. Efficiency Rate of Rose Farming System in Indonesian Floriculture Agribusiness Development. The research on rose farming system efficiency was conducted in the region of Parompong (Lembang) and the region of Cipanas (Cianjur) West Java, from July to December 2003. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the strengths and weakness both of shading and unshading system of rose cut flower cultivation and to find out the alternative farming system for improving the production efficiency and farmer’s income. Primary data were collected by structural interviews with the farmers and traders. Qualitative data analysis was conducted descriptively, while cost and income analysis was done using static financial method. The strengths and weakness analysis of existing farming system would give the opportunity in improving the farming system.The main problems of rose cut flower agribusiness were unefficiency of pesticides application, labour intensif, and high cost of marketing. The productivity of rose cut flowers on farm level was (2-10) stem/m2, while potential productivity was up to 18 stem/m2. The average net income of farmers by shading system was Rp. 125 million/ha and without shading was Rp. 109 million/ha, with B/C of ratio of 0.90 (shading system) and 0.91 (without shading system). The conclusion showed that both of with and without shading systems, improvement of efficiency was needed especially on pesticides application, labour used, and marketing cost. Especially for shading system, efficiency also needed to minimize the cost of shading construction and import seedling. Generally, the rose farming system would be profitable and efficient with the criteria of high productivity, high quality, and frequent harvest of flower, market oriented, many alternative of varieties, low production cost, and low pest and diseases investation.
Analisis Tingkat Preferensi Petani Brebes terhadap Karakterisitik Hasil dan Kualitas Bawang Merah Varietas Lokal Asal Dataran Medium dan Tinggi Basuki, rofik Sinung
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Varietas lokal bawang merah asal dataran medium dan tinggi potensial ditanam di dataran rendah Brebessebagai usaha untuk mengurangi penggunaan varietas impor. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi varietaslokal asal dataran medium dan tinggi yang adaptif dan disukai petani dibanding varietas impor di sentra produksi diKabupaten Brebes. Penelitian di lakukan di Desa Kemukten, Kabupaten Brebes pada bulan Juli-September 2006.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian partisipatif yang didukung dengan percobaan lapangan. Percobaanlapangan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Delapan perlakuan yang diteliti adalah 3 varietaslokal dataran medium (200-700 m dpl.), 2 varietas dataran tinggi (>700 m dpl.), 2 varietas impor, serta 1 varietas lokaldataran rendah (0-200 m dpl.) sebagai pembanding. Plot percobaan lapangan digunakan untuk mengetahui daya hasilvarietas yang diuji dan sebagai petak observasi bagi 30 petani partisipan dalam menentukan tingkat preferensi darivarietas yang diuji. Data penelitian partisipatif dikumpulkan dari jawaban tertulis petani partisipan pada kuesioneryang dibagikan peneliti pada saat petani melakukan observasi pada plot percobaan lapangan. Data petani berupa skortingkat preferensi (TP) petani terhadap atribut karakteristik daya hasil, jumlah anakan, bentuk umbi, ukuran umbi,warna umbi, dan aroma dari 8 varietas yang diteliti dan dianalisis menggunakan metode perceived quality. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 5 varietas lokal dataran medium dan tinggi yang diuji, varietas Menteng Kupadan Maja adalah yang paling disukai petani. Walaupun secara agronomis tingkat hasil dan ukuran umbi varietas imporlebih unggul dibanding varietas Menteng Kupa dan Maja, namun nilai TP total petani terhadap varietas lokal MentengKupa, Maja, dan Bima Curut lebih tinggi 16-21% dibanding TP total petani terhadap varietas impor Tanduyung danIlokos. Hal ini terjadi karena total karakteristik Menteng Kupa dan Maja dalam hal daya hasil, jumlah anakan, bentukumbi, ukuran umbi, warna umbi, dan aroma lebih disukai petani dibanding total karakteristik yang dimiliki keduavarietas impor tersebut. Varietas Menteng Kupa dan Maja merupakan varietas yang sesuai digunakan di Brebessebagai alternatif dari penggunaan varietas impor.ABSTRACT. Basuki, R.S. 2009. Analysis of Farmers Preference in Brebes to the Yield and Quality Characteristicsof Local Variety Shallots from Medium and High Altitude. Local variety shallots from medium and high altitude ispotential to be planted at lowland area of Brebes as an alternatif in reducing the use of imported varieties. The objectiveof this research was to identify local variety of shallots from medium and high altitude which adaptable and morepreferred by farmers in Brebes than that of imported variety. Research was conducted in Kemukten Village, BrebesDistrict from July to September 2006. The approach of research was farmer participatory research supported by fieldtrial plot. The field trial design used was RCBD, with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were 8 varietiesof shallots consist of 3 local varieties of shallots from medium altitude (200-700 m asl.), 2 local varieties from highaltitude (>700 m asl.), 2 imported varieties, and 1 local variety from lowland (0-200 m asl.) as control. The field trialplot was used to measure the adaptability of the varieties tested and as an observation plot for 30 farmers partisipants.Data from farmer participatory research were collected from farmer’s written answers on the questionnaire distributedby researchers. Farmer’s data were the level of preference (LP) of farmers to the characteristics of yield, number ofsprouts, bulb shape, bulb size, bulb color, and aroma of 8 shallots varieties tested in the field trial. The data was analyzedusing perceived quality methods. The results showed that local varieties from medium altitude namely Menteng Kupaand Maja were the most preferred by farmers. Agronomically, the yield of imported varieties were higher, and the bulbwere bigger than that of Menteng Kupa and Maja, despite of that the farmer’s level of preference on Menteng Kupaand Maja were 16-21% higher than that of the imported varieties of Tanduyung and Ilokos. The reason was that thetotal characteristics of Menteng Kupa and Maja in terms of yield, number of shoots, bulb shape, bulb size, bulb color,and aroma was preferred by farmers more than that of the total characteristics of imported varieties. Local varietiesMenteng Kupa and Maja were suitable varieties to be used in Brebes as an alternative of imported varieties.
Pengaruh Glutamin dan Serin terhadap Kultur Anter Anthurium andraeanum cv. Tropical Winarto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Kultur anter merupakan salah satu teknologi haploid penting dalam produksi tanaman haploid ganda dan berhasil diaplikasikan pada berbagai jenis tanaman, namun aplikasi pada Anthurium belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian dan pengembangan kultur anter Anthurium yang difokuskan untuk mempelajari pengaruh glutamin dan serin terhadap induksi, pertumbuhan, dan regenerasi kalus dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias dari bulan Januari sampai dengan September 2008. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi konsentrasi glutamin dan serin terhadap induksi, pertumbuhan, dan regenerasi kalus pada kultur anter Anthurium. Spadik Anthurium andraeanum cv. Tropical, kalus hasil kultur anter serta medium Winarto dan Teixeira digunakan dalam studi ini. Glutamin dan serin pada konsentrasi 0, 250, 500, dan 750 mg/l diuji dalam percobaan ini. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan empat ulangan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan glutamin dan serin pada medium terseleksi belum memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap induksi, pertumbuhan, dan regenerasi kalus. Glutamin pada konsentrasi 250 mg/l menginduksi potensi tumbuh anter hingga 48% dengan 21% anter beregenerasi dan 1,3 anter per perlakuan membentuk kalus. Sementara serin pada 500 mg/l merupakan konsentrasi yang paling potensial dalam induksi kalus dengan 55% potensi tumbuh anter, 24% anter beregenerasi, dan 1,4 anter per perlakuan membentuk kalus. Glutamin 250 mg/l merupakan konsentrasi terbaik dibanding konsentrasi yang lain dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan regenerasi kalus. Perlakuan tersebut tanpa serin mampu menginduksi potensi pertumbuhan kalus hingga 77% dengan volume kalus mencapai 237 mm3 dan empat tunas dihasilkan per eksplan. Sementara perlakuan serin justru mereduksi pertumbuhan dan regenerasi kalus dan menstimulasi senesensi kalus yang berdampak pada pencoklatan dan kematiannya. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disarankan penggunaan glutamin dibanding serin dalam meningkatkan keberhasilan kultur anter Anthurium.Anther culture is one of important haploid technologies in producing double haploid lines and successfully applied in many plants, while the application in Anthurium is not reported yet. Research and development in anther culture of Anthurium focusing on studying the effect of glutamine and serine on callus induction, growth, and its regeneration was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute from January untill September 2008. Objective of this study was to know the effect of glutamine and serine on callus induction, growth, and its regeneration in anther culture of Anthurium. Spadix of Anthurium andraeanum cv. Tropical, callus derived from anther and Winarto and Teixeira medium were utilized in the study. Glutamine and serine of 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg/l were tested in the experiments. Factorial experiment was arranged by completely randomized design with four replications. Results of the study indicate that addition of glutamine and serine in selected culture medium gave moderate significant effect on induction, growth, and regeneration of callus. Glutamine in 250 mg/l induced potential growth of anther up to 48% with 21% regenerated anthers and 1.3 anthers per treatment producing calli, while 500 mg/l of serine was better concentration in callus formation with 55% potential growth of callus, 24% regenerated anthers and 1.4 anthers per treatment producing calli. In growth and regeneration of callus, supplementation of serine reduced callus capacity in growth and production of shoots and stimulated callus senescence causing browning and death of it, while 250 mg/l glutamine exhibited positive effect on them. The treatment without serine was able to induce potential growth of callus up to 77% with 237 mm3 per callus and four shoots produced per explants. Results of the study suggest application of glutamine rather than serine in improving anther culture of Anthurium.
Analisis Trend Hasil Per Satuan Luas Tanaman Sayuran Tahun 1969-2006 di Indonesia Adiyoga, Witono
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juni 2008 menggunakan data sekunder tahunan produksi danareal panen sayuran mencakup periode 1969-2006. Jenis sayuran yang dianalisis adalah buncis, bawang daun, bawangmerah, bawang putih, cabai merah, kentang, kubis, lobak, mentimun, petsai, terung, tomat, dan wortel. Penelitianbertujuan menganalisis pola temporal produksi dan hasil per satuan luas sayuran di Indonesia menggunakan (a)analisis trend hasil per satuan luas, (b) analisis trend pertumbuhan produksi, areal panen, dan hasil per satuan luas,serta (c) analisis trend stabilitas hasil per satuan luas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis trend jangkapanjang 1969-2006 tidak menunjukkan indikasi adanya perlambatan hasil per satuan luas. Namun, pada analisis trendper sepuluh-tahunan, indikasi perlambatan hasil per satuan luas ditunjukkan oleh buncis, bawang merah, bawangputih, cabai merah, lobak, dan petsai pada periode-periode tertentu. Selama periode 1969-2006, tingkat pertumbuhanproduksi rerata tahunan terendah diperlihatkan oleh bawang putih (–6,3%), sedangkan tertinggi ditunjukkan olehwortel (8,5%). Pertumbuhan areal panen terendah ditunjukkan oleh bawang putih (–7,5%), sedangkan tertinggi olehtomat dan wortel (6,6%). Sementara itu, pertumbuhan hasil per satuan luas rerata tahunan berkisar antara –2,5%(cabai merah) sampai 6,8% (buncis). Sumber dominan peningkatan produksi bawang merah, cabai merah, kentang,lobak, mentimun, petsai, tomat, dan wortel selama periode 1969-2006 adalah peningkatan areal panen. Peningkatanhasil per satuan luas merupakan sumber dominan bagi pertumbuhan produksi buncis, bawang daun, bawang putih,kubis, dan terung. Selama periode 1969-2006, variabilitas absolut hasil per satuan luas lobak meningkat, sedangkanmentimun dan petsai menurun. Dalam jangka panjang, stabilitas relatif hasil per satuan luas buncis, bawang daun,bawang merah, bawang putih, cabai merah, mentimun, petsai, terung, tomat, dan wortel terhadap trend pertumbuhannyadapat dikategorikan lebih stabil. Secara agregat dalam kurun waktu 1969-2006, koefisien variasi hasil per satuan luasterendah ditunjukkan oleh petsai, sedangkan tertinggi diperlihatkan oleh cabai merah. Upaya peningkatan produksibawang daun, bawang putih, kentang, kubis, petsai, dan wortel perlu diawali dengan identifikasi penyebab ketidakstabilanareal panen, terutama berkaitan dengan profitabilitas komoditas sayuran tersebut. Sementara itu, upayapeningkatan produksi buncis, bawang merah, cabai merah, lobak, mentimun, terung, dan tomat perlu ditempuhmelalui identifikasi penyebab ketidak-stabilan hasil per satuan luas dari sisi penelitian, penyuluhan, maupun kebijakan.Merespons indikasi perlambatan hasil per satuan luas untuk beberapa jenis sayuran, kegiatan penelitian pemuliaanberorientasi peningkatan daya hasil masih perlu mendapat prioritas. Orientasi penelitian pemuliaan yang memberipenekanan ketahanan terhadap hama penyakit serta cekaman lingkungan juga perlu mendapat perhatian lebih besarberkaitan dengan potensinya untuk mengurangi variabilitas hasil per satuan luas.ABSTRACT. Adiyoga, W. 2009. Yield Trend Analysis of Vegetable Crops in Indonesia 1969-2006. The study wascarried out in April to June 2008 by utilizing secondary data of annual vegetable production and harvested area that coveredthe period of 1969-2006. Vegetable crops included in this study were kidney bean, bunching onion, shallots, garlic, hotpepper, potato, cabbage, chinese radish, cucumber, chinese cabbage, eggplant, tomato, and carrot. The objective ofthis study was to analyze the temporal trend of vegetable production and yield in Indonesia using yield trend, growthtrend, and yield stability trend analysis. The results indicated that long-term trend analysis of 1969-2006 period did notshow any slowing yield growth for all vegetable crops studied. However, the ten-years periods trend analysis suggeststhe trend of slowing yield growth for kidney bean, shallots, garlic, hot pepper, chinese radish, and chinese cabbage incertain ten-year periods. During the period of 1969-2006, the lowest average annual production growth was shownon garlic (-6.3%), and the highest was on carrot (8.5%). The lowest annual growth in harvested area was shown bygarlic (-7.5%), while the highest was indicated by tomato and carrot (6.6%). The lowest annual yield growth was foundon hot pepper (-2.5%), while the highest was on kidney bean (6.8%). The production growth of shallots, hot pepper,potato, chinese radish, cucumber, chinese cabbage, tomato, and carrot in 1969-2006 has been dominantly harvestedarea-led. Meanwhile, yield growth has been a dominant source of kidney bean, bunching onion, garlic, cabbage, andeggplant production growth. During 1969-2006, absolute yield variability for chinese radish was increasing, while forcucumber and chinese cabbage was decreasing. Furthermore, a decreasing relative yield variability, i.e. more stableyield, was indicated for kidney bean, bunching onion, shallots, garlic, hot pepper, cucumber, chinese cabbage, eggplant,tomato, and carrot. The lowest yield coefficient of variation was shown by chinese cabbage, while the highest wasshown by hot pepper. The effort for increasing bunching onion, garlic, potato, cabbage, chinese cabbage, and carrotproduction should be initiated by identifying the causes of harvested area variability that have to be sorted in terms offactors such as relative profitability and other constraints. Meanwhile, since a greater contribution of yield variabilityto production variability was identified, the effort for increasing kidney bean, shallots, hot pepper, chinese radish, cucumber, eggplant, and tomato production suggests the need for identifying the causes of yield variability in termsof research, extension, and policy measures. Responding to a slowing yield trend for some vegetable crops, breedingresearch activities that are increasing yield frontier-oriented still need to be prioritized. Moreover, breeding researchactivities that are generating reduction in yield variability, such as disease and pest resistance and environmentalstressedtolerance should also be emphasized.
Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Beberapa Aksesi Tanaman Salak Sudjijo, -
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Salak merupakan salah satu jenis buah tropika asli Indonesia yang digemari masyarakat karena rasa daging buahnya khas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik unggul beberapa aksesi tanaman salak yang digunakan sebagai tetua terpilih dalam perakitan varietas unggul baru. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sumani, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, dari bulan November 2006 sampai Juni 2007 menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 8 aksesi salak sebagai perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua tanaman menghasilkan bunga sempurna mandul. Tanaman salak indigenous Sumatera (SSDM-05 dan SSDP-06) menghasilkan buah dengan rasa manis kelat. Tidak ada aksesi tanaman yang menghasilkan buah ukuran besar (>61 g), sedangkan 4 nomor aksesi (SNJK-01, SPHK-03, SPHP-04, dan SSMT-07) menghasilkan buah dengan rasa manis. Dua aksesi (SPHP-04 dan SSMT-07) menghasilkan buah yang bersifat masir. Aksesi SPHP-04 berpeluang dikembangkan sebagai tetua terpilih, karena menghasilkan buah/dompol paling banyak (22 buah), rasa manis (PTT 16,77o Brix), bersifat masir, dan warna daging buah krem menarik.ABSTRACT. Sudjijo. 2008. Characterization and Evaluation of Several Accessions of Salacca edulis. Salacca is one of tropical fruits that was native of Indonesia and preferred by consumers due to the specific fruit flesh taste. The objective of the research was to obtain superior characteristics of salacca accessions potentially for parent lines in breeding programe of new superior varieties. The research was conducted at the Sumani Experimental Garden of Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute from November 2006 to June 2007 using randomized block design with 8 salacca accessions as the treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that all the plants produced sterile hermaphrodite flowers. Indigenous accessions from Sumatera (SSDM-01 and SSDP-06) produced fruit with sweet and astringent, while accessions (SNJK-01, SPHK-03, SPHP-04, and SSMT-07) produced sweet fruit. No accessions produced big size of fruits (>61 g). Friable fruit texture was obtained from SPHP-04 and SSMT-07. Meanwhile SPHK-04 accession has the potency to be used as parent lines because it produced the highest number of fruits per cluster (22 fruits), with TSS 16.77o Brix, friable fruit texture, and creamy color fruit flesh.
Cara Aplikasi dan Takaran Pupuk terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Krisan Tedjasarwana, Rahayu; Nugroho, Evi Dwi; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Krisan merupakan salah satu tanaman hias penting dalam industri florikultura di Indonesia. Dalam budidayanya, pertumbuhan dan produktivitas krisan sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemberian pupuk yang sesuai dan optimal. Pupuk N, P, dan K sering diaplikasikan tanpa memperhatikan cara aplikasi dan takaran yang tepat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara aplikasi dan takaran pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bunga krisan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaaan  Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Segunung 1.100 m dpl. dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2007. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah krisan varietas Puspita Nusantara. Pupuk yang digunakan yaitu Urea, KNO3, dan SP-36. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama ialah cara aplikasi pupuk butiran dan fertigasi. Sebagai anak petak ialah takaran pupuk, yaitu tanpa pupuk, ½ takaran anjuran, 1 takaran anjuran, dan 1½ takaran anjuran. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk dengan cara ditabur dan fertigasi memberikan pengaruh yang sama, sedangkan takaran pupuk 1½ takaran anjuran menunjukkan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan jumlah bunga lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya (diameter batang terbesar 5,90 mm, panjang daun 8,41 cm, jumlah daun/tanaman tertinggi 37,5 helai, dan 10,5 kuntum/tanaman). Chrysanthemum is one of important ornamental crops on the floriculture industry in Indonesia. In Chrysanthemum cultivation, growth and productivity of it are significantly affected by application of appropriate fertilizer in optimal dosage. N, P, and K fertilizer were frequently applied without taking into consideration on its application method and appropriate dosage. The objective of this study was to determine effect of application method and dosage of fertilizer on plant growth and production of Chrysanthemum. The experiment was carried out at Segunung Field Experiment Station of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute 1,100 m asl. from January to December 2007. The material used in the experiment was Puspita Nusantara varieties. The fertilizer utilized in the study were Urea, KNO3, and SP-36. The treatments were arranged in split plot design with three replications. The main plot was application method of fertilizer i.e. spreading and fertigation. The subplot was without fertilizer, ½ recommended suggestion dosage, 1 recommended suggestion dosage, and 1½ recommended suggestion dosage. Results showed that application of fertilizer both spreading and fertigation gave the same effect on growth and production of Chrysanthemum. Fertilizer dosage at 1½ recommended suggestion gave higher effect on vegetative plant growth and number of flower than those others (highest stem diameter 5.90 mm, highest leaf length 8.41 cm, highest leaf number/plant 37.5 leaves, and 10.5 flowers/plant).
Pengaruh Auksin dan Sitokinin terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Jaringan Meristem Kentang Kultivar Granola Karjadi, A K; Buchory, A
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran mulai bulan Maret sampai September 2004 Perlakuannya adalah penumbuhan jaringan meristem kentang varietas Granola pada media MS ditambah suplemen sukrose 30 g/l, air kelapa 100 ml/l, CaP 2 mg/l, myoinositol 100 mg/l, agar 6,5 g/l, pH 5,7, serta zat pengatur tumbuh NAA (0,01, 0,05, dan 0,10 mg/l), BAP/2-ip (0,01 dan 0,05 mg/l). Rancangan menggunakan acak lengkap dengan 19 perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan menggunakan 20 tabung reaksi kultur tanaman yang berisi 3 ml media sebagai ulangan. Hasil yang didapat, 18% jaringan meristem dapat tumbuh menjadi plantlet pada umur 15 minggu setelah tanam. Pertumbuhan jaringan meristem dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan zat pengatur tumbuh auksin dan sitokinin yang ditambahkan ke dalam media. Penambahan NAA atau sitokinin (BAP, 2-ip) secara tersendiri pada berbagai konsentrasi yang tidak dikombinasikan, memberikan pengaruh yang kurang menguntungkan pada pertumbuhan jaringan meristem. Jaringan meristem kentang Granola tumbuh baik pada media yang berisi kombinasi NAA dan BAP.ABSTRACT. Karjadi, A.K and Buchory A. 2008. The Effect of Auxin and Cytokinin on the Growth of Potato Meristem cv. Granola. The experiment was conducted in Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from March until September 2004. The treatments were MS medium with supplement of sucrose 30 g/l, coconut water 100 ml/l, CaP 2 mg/l, myoinositol 100 mg/l, agar 6.5 g/l, pH 5.7, and growth hormone of NAA (0.01, 0.05, 0.10 mg/l) and BAP/2-ip ( 0.01 and 0.05 mg/l). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete design with 19 medium composition as treatments, and 20 replications of test tube culture with 3 ml medium each treatment. The results showed that 18% of meristem could develop plantlet within 15 weeks after planting. Meristem growth depended on the availability of auxin and cytokinin in the medium. The medium with NAA supplement or cytokinin (BAP, 2-ip) singly, gave negative effect on meristem growth. Granola potato meristem could develop well on combination media of NAA and BAP.
Penggunaan Pestisida Biorasional untuk Mengendalikan Hama dan Penyakit Penting pada Tanaman Kentang Suryaningsih, Euis
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Percobaan lapang dengan tujuan untuk mengendalikan hama dan penyakit penting pada tanaman kentang menggunakan pestisida biorasional dilaksanakan dari bulan April sampai Juli 2002 di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu (elevasi 1.250 m dpl), Lembang, Bandung, Jawa Barat, jenis tanah Andosol dan iklim tipe B1. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, 12 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan berupa seperangkat formula pestisida biorasional Phrogonal 866, 666, 466, Phronical 826, 626, 426, 846, 646, 446, dan Agonal 866. Pestisida biorasional tersebut diuji dan dibandingkan efikasinya dengan insektisida sintetik Deltametrin 2.5 EC 0,2% dalam mengendalikan hama dan penyakit utama kentang. Hasil penelitian secara jelas mengindikasikan bahwa pestisida biorasional tersebut sama, bahkan lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan Deltametrin 2.5 EC 0,2% dalam mengendalikan Thrips palmi dan Liriomyza huidobrensis. Di samping itu, beberapa pestisida biorasional juga menunjukkan indikasi mampu mengendalikan penyakit terpenting kentang yaitu Phytophthora infestans.ABSTRACT. Suryaningsih, E. 2008. The Use of Biorational Pesticide for Controlling the Important Pests and Diseases on Potato. A field experiment to control important pests and diseases of potato was carried out from April to July 2002 at Margahayu Research Station (elevation 1,250 m asl), Lembang, Bandung, West Java on Andosol soil and B1 type of climate. A randomized block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications was employed. The treatments were a set of biorational pesticide formulas, namely Phrogonal 866, 666, 466, Phronical 826, 626, 426, 846, 646, 446, and Agonal 866. The biorational were tested and compared their efficacy with syntetic insecticide Deltamethrin 2.5 EC 0.2 % in controlling key pests and disease of potato. The results of the experiment clearly indicated that biorationals were as effective, and even more effective than Deltamethrin 2.5 EC 0.2% in controlling Thrips palmi and Liriomyza huidobrensis. In addition, some biorational pesticide were also showed good indication in controlling the most important disease of potato, namely late blight Phytophthora infestans.
Evaluasi Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Beberapa Kandidat Varietas Nenas Rendah Oksalat dan Manis Tanpa Duri Hadiati, Sri; Yuliati, Sri; Jumjumidang, -
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Kandungan Ca-oksalat yang tinggi pada buah nenas kurang baik bagi kesehatan, sedangkan tanaman nenas yang daunnya tidak berduri memudahkan petani dalam pemeliharaannya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa kandidat varietas nenas rendah oksalat dan nenas manis tanpa duri. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Juni 2009 sampai dengan Desember 2010 di Kebun Percobaan Subang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan yaitu dua kandidat varietas nenas rendah oksalat (Q dan EE), satu kandidat varietas nenas manis tanpa duri (P), dan dua varietas pembanding (Simadu dan Ponggok) dengan empat ulangan. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri atas 52 tanaman dan jumlah sampel yang diamati ialah 10 tanaman yang diambil secara acak. Tanaman nenas ditanam dengan sistem dua baris, jarak antarbaris 90 cm dan jarak tanam dalam baris (50 x 50) cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada akhir pertumbuhan vegetatif (umur 11 bulan setelah tanam) rerata tinggi tanaman pada aksesi yang diuji  berbeda nyata, sedangkan varietas Ponggok mempunyai tinggi tanaman tertinggi (88,94 cm), jumlah daun antaraksesi tidak berbeda nyata, yaitu berkisar 41-51 helai. Persentase tanaman berbuah terbanyak ialah varietas Ponggok (94,86%),  sebaliknya  varietas Simadu  paling sedikit (5,6%). Aksesi P, Q, dan EE mempunyai kualitas buah yang kurang baik dibandingkan varietas pembanding  Simadu, tetapi aksesi EE mempunyai kualitas buah (bobot buah 910,00 g, vitamin C 24,53 mg/100 g, dan kadar oksalat 486,85 ppm) yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding Ponggok. Aksesi EE berpeluang untuk dijadikan varietas unggul baru.The high Ca-oxalate content in pineapple fruit is not good for health. Meanwhile pineapple plants with spineless leaves make farmers easy in their maintainance. The aim of this research was to evaluate growth and yield of several pineapple candidates  with low oxalate, sweet taste, and spineless leaves.  The research was conducted from June 2009 to December 2010 at Subang Research Station. A randomized block design with five treatments (two candidates of pineapple varieties with low oxalate content (Q and EE), one candidate of pineapple variety with spineless leaves (P), and two popular varieties as comparison (Simadu and Ponggok) with four replications was used in this study.  Each unit experiment consisted of 52 plants and 10 plants of sampled randomly were observed. Pineapple plants were planted in two rows with plant distance 50x50 cm. The results showed that at the end of vegetative growth (11 months after planting) the average plant height of accessions tested were significantly different, Ponggok variety had the highest of plant height (88.94 cm) but the number of leaves ranging from 41-51was not significantly different. Ponggok variety had the highest percentage of fruiting plants (94.86%), and conversely Simadu variety was the least one (5.6%). Accessions of P, Q, and EE produced lower fruit quality than Simadu, but accession of EE had better fruit quality in fruit weight 910.00 g, vitamin C 24.53 mg/100 g, and oxalate content 486.25 ppm than Ponggok variety. The EE was a promising accession that can be realeased as a new superior variety.
Identifikasi Kekerabatan Genetik Klon-klon Bawang Putih Indonesia Menggunakan Isozim dan RAPD Hardiyanto, -; Devy, Nirmala Fiyanti; Martasari, Chaereni
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Beberapa klon bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) lokal di Indonesia umumnya diberi nama oleh petani berdasarkan nama daerah atau lokasi, sehingga klon yang secara genetik sama kemungkinan dapat berbeda namanya. Dengan demikian identifikasi klon bawang putih berdasarkan marka biokimia maupun molekuler sangat dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai keragaman dan kekerabatan genetik klon bawang putih lokal. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Banaran, Batu mulai bulan Juni sampai dengan November 2005, sedangkan untuk analisis isozim dan RAPD masing-masing dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang dan Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian, Bogor. Berdasarkan metode isozim dan RAPD, kisaran nilai kekerabatan genetik yang dihasilkan hampir sama, masing-masing 0,53-0,91 dan 0,54-0,94. Tingkat kekerabatan genetik klon bawang putih lokal cukup rendah. Metode isozim dan 2 primer RAPD, yaitu OPG 18 dan OPN 06 dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi dan penamaan ulang klon bawang putih lokal.ABSTRACT. 2008 Hardiyanto, N.F. Devy, and C. Martasari. 2008 . Identification of Genetic Relationship among Indonesian Garlic Clones Using Isozyme and RAPD. Local garlic clones (Allium sativum L.) in Indonesia mostly was named by growers based on region or location, thus many genetically-identical clones may have different name. Therefore, identification of garlic clones through biochemical and molecular markers were needed. The aim of this research was to obtain the information of genetic variation and relationship of local garlic clones. This research was carried out at Banaran Experimental Garden Batu, from June to November 2005, whereas isozyme and RAPD analyses were conducted in Molecular Biology Laboratorium, Brawijaya University and Indonesian Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bogor, respectively. The value of genetic relationship showed by isozyme and RAPD methods was almost the same, these were 0.53-0.91 and 0.54-0.94, respectively. Level of genetic relationship among local garlic clones was quite low.Isozyme and 2 primers of OPG 18 and OPN 06 were useful for identification and denomination of local garlic clones.

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