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Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,166 Documents
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Pengaruh Ekstrak Bahan Nabati dalam Menginduksi Ketahanan Tanaman Cabai terhadap Vektor dan Penyakit Kuning Keriting Duriat, Ati Srie
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Penyakit kuning keriting pada tanaman cabai yang disebabk an oleh virus Gemini merupakan penyakit yang epidemik di berbagai daerah. Percobaan untuk menginduksi ketahanan tanaman cabai terhadap virus dan vektor penyakit kuning keriting dengan mengg unakan ekstrak nabati telah dilakukan di Rumah Kasa Virologi dan Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang selama 6 bulan (Agustus 2003 – Februari 2004). Kegiatan dilakukan 2 tahap di rumah kasa dan di lapangan. Penelitian di rumah kasa mengg unakan rancangan petak terpisah, petak utama terdiri atas 11 perlakuan induksi dengan bahan nabati, yaitu eceng gondok, rumput laut, tembakau, nimba, bunga pagoda, lamtoro, bunga pukul empat, bayam duri, dan kecubung, benzotiadiazol (sebagai pembanding positif), dan kontrol tanpa perlakuan. Anak petak adalah waktu dilakukan infeksi (challenged) dengan virus Gemini pada 24 jam, 5, dan 10 hari setelah induksi dengan ekstrak nabati (perlakuan petak utama). Percobaan kedua di lapangan menggggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan perlakuan induksi 11 macam ekstrak nabati seperti kegiatan di rumah kaca, dan tanaman cabai yang sudah diinduksi langsung ditanam di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukk an bahwa (1) perlakuan ekstrak nabati umumnya dapat menaikk an tingg i tanaman, menurunkan preferensi serangg a Bemisia terhadap tanaman cabai, memperpanjang masa inkubasi gejala, menekan perkembangan penyakit, dan menaikk an hasil panen, (2) ekstrak nabati yang paling baik untuk menginduksi ketahanan tanaman cabai terhadap virus Gemini adalah berturut-turut bunga pukul empat (Mirabilis jalapa), bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus), lamtoro (Leucaena glauca), dan bunga pagoda (Clerodendrum japonicum), masing-masing >50%, (3) masa retensi ketahanan sistemik pada tanaman cabai berbeda-beda, yang paling baik adalah 24 jam setelah induksi ekstrak. Makin lama jeda waktu antara induksi dengan terjadinya infeksi (challenging) virus makin rendah daya hambat induser terhadap serangan virus Gemini, dan (4) kecuali bunga pagoda, ekstrak tumbuhan lain meningk atkan hasil panen buah cabai antara 15-37 % di atas kontrol.ABSTRACT. Duriat, A.S. 2008. The Influence of Plant Extract for Inducing Resistance of Chili Pepper Plant Against Pathogen and Vector of Yellow Leafcurl Disease. Yellow leafcurl disease of pepper caused by Gemini virus was epidemic in various areas. An experiment to induce plant resistance on this disease using botanical extract was done in Lembang for 6 months (August 2003-February 2004). The trials were arranged in a split plot design for screenhouse experiment and in a randomized block design for field experiment. The main plot in screenhouse were 11 treatments of extract plant resistence inducer (Eichornia crassipes, Euchema alvarezii, Nicotiana tabacum, Azadirachta indica, Clerodendrum japonicum, Leucaena glauca, Mirabilis jalapa, Amaranthus spinosus, Datura stramoium, plant activator benzothiadiazole, and control). While the subplot consisted of 3 levels of challenging time of Gemini virus, namely: 24 hour, 5 days, and 10 days after inducing time. Field trial was done to determine the influence of extract inducing plant resistance to the yield of pepper pod. The results indicated that (1) extract inducing treatments increased plant height, influenced preference of vector, delayed incubation time of virus symptoms, suppressed virus symptoms, and increased yield of pepper pods, (2) the best botanical extract to suppress virus symptoms were M. jalapa, A. spinosus, L. glauca, and C. japonicum (> 50%), respectively, (3) the best influence of induced systemic resistance was shown at 24 hours after inducing, more time of virus infection would be lower the disease suppression, and (4) except C. japonicum, all botanical extracts increased pod pepper yield between 15-37 % above control.
Respons Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Pepaya terhadap Pemupukan Nitrogen dan Kalium di Lahan Rawa Pasang Surut Martias, -; Nasution, F; Noflindawati, -; Budiyanti, Tri; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Pepaya sangat potensial dibudidayakan di lahan rawa pasang surut, tetapi ketersediaan hara dalam tanahnya tergolong rendah. Nitrogen dan kalium merupakan hara yang relatif banyak dibutuhkan pepaya, sehingga budidaya pepaya di lahan rawa pasang surut perlu penambahan hara tersebut melalui pemupukan. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan rawa pasang surut eks proyek lahan gambut (PLG) sejuta hektar di Kecamatan Mantangai, Kabupaten Kapuas, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dari bulan Juni 2007 sampai April 2008. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian hara N dan K terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi pepaya. Benih pepaya yang digunakan ialah varietas Merah Delima. Penelitian disusun dengan rancangan acak kelompok  faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor I ialah takaran pupuk nitrogen yaitu 0, 125, 250, 375 g/tanaman dan faktor II ialah takaran pupuk kalium (K20) yaitu 0, 150, 300, 450 g/tanaman. Tiap unit perlakuan terdiri atas 10 tanaman. Parameter yang diamati meliputi sifat kimia tanah, pertumbuhan vegetatif, dan produksi tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa  ketersediaan N, P, dan Fe di lokasi penelitian tergolong sangat tinggi, K rendah, sedangkan Ca dan Mg sangat rendah. Pemupukan N hingga taraf 375 g/tanaman tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman pepaya. Namun pada fase produktif (10 bulan setelah tanam), panjang buah secara nyata meningkat dengan pemberian N 250 g/tanaman. Pemberian K2O pada taraf 300g/tanaman secara nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan produksi tanaman (jumlah, bobot, panjang, dan PTT), sedangkan pemberian K2O yang melebihi 300 g/tanaman mengakibatkan penurunan pertumbuhan, produksi, dan kualitas buah. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai landasan penelitian dan penyusunan rekomendasi pemupukan pepaya di lahan rawa pasang surut. Papaya has opportunity to be cultivated in tidal swamp land but the availability of its nutrient in the soil is low.  Nitrogen and potassium are the major nutrients needed by papaya, so that the nutrient should be added through fertilization. The research was conducted in tidal swamp land in Mantangai, Kapuas, Central Kalimantan Province, from June 2007 to April 2008. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of nutrient N and K on growth and production of papaya in tidal swamp land. Merah Delima variety was used as a seed in this research. The factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications.The first factor was dosage of nitrogen of 0, 125, 250, and 375 g/plant and the second factor was amount of potassium (K2O) from 0, 150, 300, and 450 g/plant. Each unit of treatment consisted of 10 plants. The parameters observed include the chemical properties of soil, vegetative growth, and crop production. The results showed that the availability of  N, P, and Fe at the research location was classified as very high, whereas K was low, Ca and Mg were very low. Nitrogen fertilization up to level 375 g/plant did not significantly increase the vegetative growth of papaya plants because of its high availability of the nutrition on the soil. However, in the productive phase (10 months after planting), fruit length was significantly increased with application of N in dose 250 g/plant. Application of K2O fertilizer on 300/plant increased significantly vegetative growth and yield (number of fruit, fruit weight, fruit length, and TSS), whereas application of more than 300 g/plant decreased their growth, yield, and fruit quality. The results can be used as the basis to arrange and formulate fertilizer recommendation on papaya  which is mainly grown on tidal swamp land.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Benzil Adenin terhadap Kualitas Pascapanen Dracaena sanderiana dan Codiaeum variegatum Fuadi, Muhammad; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi benzil adenin �B� � � (BA) terhadap kualitas Dracaena sanderiana dan Codiaeum variegatum pada saat simulasi pengangkutan melalui laut (di ruang gelap). Perlakuan terdiri dari konsentrasi BA: 0 (kontrol), 75, 150, 225, dan 300 mg/l. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitias D. sanderiana dan C. variegatum pada parameter laju fotosintesis, konduktansi stomata, kadar klorofil, tinggi tanaman, dan kelas tanaman dipengaruhi oleh benzil adenin. Pada D. sanderiana laju fotosintesis (6,74 μmol/m2/det) dan kandungan klorofil tertinggi dicapai pada konsentrasi 300 mg/l, sedangkan pada C. variegatum tertinggi (5,40 μmol/m2/det) pada konsentrasi 150 mg/l. K� � � � Kadar fotosintesis meningkat dengan meningkatnya kandungan klorofil. Kadar fotosintesis pada perlakuan ini 2 kali lipat bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lain. Konduktansi stomata, berat segar daun, dan kelas tanaman juga dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi BA. Kadar fotosintesis dan kandungan klorofil pada D. sanderiana di mana tanaman yang diberi perlakuan 300 mg/l BA menunjukkan bahwa tanggap tanaman lebih baik dan kebutuhan C. variegatum memerlukan konsentrasi yang lebih rendah (150 mg/l BA). Kelas tanaman yang lebih baik seperti warna daun hijau gelap dan segar. Dracaena sanderiana dan C. variegatum masing-masing menghendaki konsentrasi BA 300 mg/l (4,50 = kualitas sangat baik) dan 150 mg/l (4,17 = kualitas sangat baik).ABSTRACT. Fuadi, M. and Y. Hilman. 2008. The Effect of Benzyl Adenine Concentration on Postharvest Quality of Dracaena sanderiana and Codiaeum variegatum. This study was carried out with the main objective of looking at the effects of benzyl adenine (BA) on the growth and quality retention of Dracaena sanderiana and Codiaeum variegatum during simulation of subsequent shipping conditions (in the dark chamber). Concentrations of BA applied were 0 (control), 75, 150, 225, and 300 mg/l. The results showed that the growth and plant quality of D. sanderiana and C. variegatum in terms of photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, plant height, and plant grade were significantly (p<0.05) affected by BA. The highest photosynthesis rate (6.74 μmol/m2/sec.) and chlorophyll content were found on D. sanderiana sprayed with 300 mg/l BA, while C. variegatum gave the highest photosyntesis rate (5.40 μmol/m2/sec.) at application of 150 mg/l BA. As expected, photosynthesis rate increased with higher chlorophyll content. The photosynthesis rate for both treatments were double compared to the other treatments. Stomatal conductance, leaf fresh weight, and plant grade were also significantly (p<0.05) affected with different concentrations of BA. Similar to the photosynthesis and chlorophyll content of D. sanderiana, plants sprayed with 300 mg/l BA showed a better growth response, while C. variegatum needs lower concentrations (150 mg/l BA). In order to obtain a good plant grade in term of leaf freshness, D. sanderiana and C. variegatum required BA concentration of 300 mg/l (4.50 = excellent quality) and 150 mg/l (4.17 = excellent quality) respectively
Idiotipe Durian Nasional Berdasarkan Preferensi Konsumen Santoso, Panca Jarot; Novril, -; Anwaludin syah, Muhamad Jawal
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Survei untuk menetapkan karakter idiotipe durian nasional berdasarkan preferensi konsumen terhadap karakter fisik dan citarasa (biofisik) dilakukan dari bulan November 2005 sampai Oktober 2006 di 7 provinsi, yaitu DKI Jakarta, Banten, Jawa Timur, Jawa Barat, Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Barat, dan Kalimantan Tengah. Sampel dipilih menggunakan kaidah purposive random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran angket dan wawancara terhadap 430 responden yang terdiri atas pegawai negeri sipil dan pensiunan, karyawan dan wiraswasta, pedagang buah, pekebun, penangkar bibit, pelajar, dan ibu rumah tangga. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa karakter biofisik dominan yang menjadi penentu responden memilih durian adalah ukuran buah sedang (1,6-2,5 kg), aroma kuat, daging tebal bertekstur lembut kering (pulen), dan rasanya manis legit, sedangkan bentuk buah lonjong, warna kulit hijau coklat, panjang duri sedang, warna daging kuning, serta biji berukuran kecil diidentifikasi sebagai karakter pendamping. Karakter-karakter biofisik dominan tersebut menggambarkan suatu karakter idiotipe durian nasional. Karakter ini disarankan sebagai acuan bagi pekebun dalam memilih varietas durian yang akan dikembangkan dan bagi pemulia tanaman durian untuk merakit atau menyeleksi varietas unggul baru.ABSTRACT. Santoso, P. J., Novaril, M. Jawal A. S., T. Wahyudi, and A. Hasyim. 2008. Idiotype of National Durian Based On Consumer’s Preference. A survey to determine idiotype characters of Indonesian durian based on consumer’s preference on fruit biophysic was conducted from November 2005 to October 2006 in 7 provinces of North Sumatera, West Sumatera, DKI Jakarta, Banten, West Java, East Java, and Central Kalimantan. Samples were determined using purposive random sampling. Data was collected through questioner distribution and interview on 430 respondents consisted of active and retirement government official, functionary and entrepreneur, durian trader, grower, nurseryman, student, and housewife. The results indicated that the predominant biophysic characters driving consumer to pick durian which denoting the idiotype of current Indonesian durian were medium fruit size (1,6-2,5 kg), strong aroma, thick flesh, fatty flesh texture, and deep-sweet flesh taste. Meanwhile, oblong shape, green brownish skin, medium spine, yellow aril, and small seeds are identified as co-idiotype characters. This idiotype was predicted persistent for next 10-20 years. It is, therefore, recommended as guidance for grower to choose the available durian varieties to be planted, and for durian breeder to establish or select new superior varieties.
Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Penghasil Minyak Atsiri untuk Pengendalian Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Penyebab Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Pisang Riska, -; Jumjunidang, -; Hermanto, Catur
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium  oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman pisang. Teknik pengendalian yang efektif dan berwawasan lingkungan perlu terus diupayakan, di antaranya melalui penggunaan pestisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian daun beberapa tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri terhadap jumlah propagul awal Foc dalam tanah dan pengendalian penyakit layu Fusarium pisang pada skala rumah kasa. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok mulai bulan Februari sampai dengan Juni 2009. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam percobaan ialah acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan, masing-masing ulangan terdiri atas lima tanaman. Perlakuan tersebut adalah empat jenis daun tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri yaitu : (A) daun nilam, (B) serai, (C) daun kayu manis, (D) daun cengkeh, dan (E) tanpa perlakuan (kontrol). Tanaman uji adalah bibit pisang Ambon Hijau hasil perbanyakan kultur jaringan umur 2  bulan setelah aklimatisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian daun tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri mampu menekan jumlah propagul awal Foc di dalam media tanam. Persentase penurunan propagul Foc awal dalam media yang berumur 5 minggu setelah pemberian tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri berkisar antara 50,1-70,6%. Semua perlakuan, kecuali daun nilam, juga mampu memperlambat munculnya gejala atau masa inkubasi penyakit. Masa inkubasi penyakit paling lama terjadi pada perlakuan pemberian daun cengkeh, diikuti dengan perlakuan pemberian daun kayu manis dan daun serai dengan perpanjangan masa inkubasi masing-masing sampai 22 dan 15 hari dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian daun tumbuhan mengandung minyak atsiri belum berakibat pada penurunan persentase dan intensitas serangan penyakit, sehingga perlakuan pemberian tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri perlu dikombinasikan dengan metode pengendalian lain agar lebih efektif dalam menekan penyakit layu Fusarium.Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most important disease on banana. Effective and environmental friendly techniques in controlling the disease need to be effort continually, among of them are with application of biopesticide to suppres Foc. The objectives of the research were to know the effect of some plant producing essential oils on initial number of propagule of Foc in soil and disease development of Fusarium wilt of banana. The research was conducted at Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute Solok from February to June 2009. A randomized block design with five treatments and four replications was used, whereas each treatment consisted of five plants. Four types of plant producing essential oils as treatments, namely (A) crude of patchouly leaves, (B) crude of lemon grass, (C) crude of cassia leaves, (D) crude of clove leaves, and (E) water as control treatment were used. Ambon Hijau cultivar derived from tissue culture propagation of 2 months after acclimatization was used as experiemental material. The result showed that application of leaves of plant producing essential oils decreased initial number of Foc propagules in the banana cultivation media. Percentage of reducing the number of initial propagule of Foc in medium after infestation of plant producing essential oils ranged between 50.1-70.6%. All application of plant producing essential oils, except crude of patchouly leaves, was effective to reduce the incidence of wilting or incubation period of the disease.  The longest disease incubation period was determined on treatment with clove leaves, followed by cassia and lemon grass leaf with extending incubation period up to 22 and 15 days respectively compared to control. Application of the plant producing essential oils was not successfully applied in suppressing the percentage of wilt and disease intensity on banana under screenhouse condition. Therefore combination treatments with other techniques in conjunction to improve the effectivity of the plants in controlling Fusarium wilt disease are suggested.
Segmentasi Pasar dan Pemetaan Persepsi Atribut Produk Beberapa Jenis Sayuran Minor (Under-utilized) Adiyoga, Witono; Ameriana, Mieke; Soetiarso, Thomas Agus
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Kegiatan penelitian survai konsumen dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Sukasari dan Lembang, Bandung, Jawa Barat pada bulan Agustus-November 2004. Responden dipilih menggunakan metode multistage cluster sampling. Responden ibu rumah tangga sebanyak 50 orang dipilih secara acak dan proporsional dari kedua kelurahan tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Pada studi awal ini komoditas sayuran minor (under-utilized) yang dipilih adalah koro/roay jengkol, katuk, kecipir, dan labu siam. Untuk keperluan mempelajari posisi sayuran minor tersebut dipilih pula 4 komoditas lain yang dapat dianggap sebagai padanan atau substitusi, yaitu kacang jogo, bayam, kacang panjang, dan zukini. Atribut produk yang dipelajari meliputi (a) kandungan gizi tinggi, (b) berfungsi juga sebagai obat, (c) rasa enak, (d) tahan simpan, (e) harga mahal, dan (f) mudah diperoleh di pasar. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mengidentifikasi segmentasi pasar dan memetakan persepsi konsumen menyangkut beberapa atribut produk sayuran minor. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi 2 klaster atau segmen konsumen untuk setiap komoditas dengan karakteristik yang berbeda. Jumlah anggota klaster 1 secara konsisten selalu lebih besar dibandingkan klaster 2 untuk semua komoditas, sehingga upaya perbaikan untuk semua komoditas sayuran minor disarankan lebih diarahkan ke segmen konsumen yang pertama. Sementara itu, berdasarkan perbandingannya dengan komoditas padanan/substitusi (kacang jogo, bayam, zukini, dan kacang panjang), atribut produk yang perlu diperbaiki adalah atribut rasa enak dan gizi tinggi (kacang koro/roay), fungsi sebagai obat dan ketahanan simpan (labu siam), serta ketersediaan (kacang koro/roay, katuk, dan kecipir).ABSTRACT. Adiyoga, W., M. Ameriana, and T. A. Soetiarso. 2008. Market Segmentation and Perceptual Mapping of Product Attributes of Some Minor/under-utilized Vegetables. Consumer surveys were carried out in Sukasari and Lembang Subdistrict, Bandung, West Java from August to November 2004. This study was aimed to identify market segmentation and consumer’s perceptual mapping regarding product attributes of some minor (under-utilized) vegetables. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select 50 respondents who were proportionally and randomly drawn from those 2 subdistricts. Data were gathered through interviews by using a structured questionnaire. In this preliminary study, 4 minor vegetables were chosen; those were lima bean, stragooseberry, winged bean, and chayote. For the purpose of examining the product positioning of these 4 minor vegetables, 4 other vegetables that were considered as their substitute (bean, spinach, yard-long bean, and zucchini) were also involved. Product attributes examined were (a) high nutrient content, (b) medicinal purpose, (c) taste good/delicious, (d) long shelf-life, (e) price/expensive, and (f) availability. Results have identified 2 clusters or 2 market segments with different characteristics for each commodity. Number of cases/respondents in cluster 1 was consistently larger than that in cluster 2 for all commodities. Hence, the effort for improvements was suggested to be more focus to cluster 1 or consumer segment 1. Meanwhile, based on the comparison with their substitutes, some attributes that should be considered for improvement were taste and nutrient content (for lima bean), medicinal purpose, and shelf-life (for chayote), and availability (for lima bean, stragooseberry, and winged bean).
Pengaruh Lama Penyimpanan Entris terhadap Keberhasilan Sambung Pucuk Beberapa Varietas Avokad Anwarudin syah, Muhammad Jawal
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Kendala yang sering dihadapi dalam perbanyakan avokad secara sambung pucuk adalah jauhnya jarak antara pohon induk dengan lokasi pembibitan, sehingga dibutuhkan waktu agak lama mulai dari pengambilan entris sampai penyambungan. Selain itu jumlah bibit yang akan disambung sering dalam jumlah yang banyak, sehingga tidak bisa disambung dalam waktu sehari dan entris yang belum tersambung harus disimpan untuk keesokan harinya. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyimpanan entris terhadap keberhasilan sambung pucuk beberapa varietas avokad. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah pembibitan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, Solok selama 6 bulan mulai Juni sampai Desember 2005. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok faktorial dengan 2 faktor perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Faktor perlakuan pertama adalah lama penyimpanan entris yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu entris tidak disimpan, entris disimpan selama 2 dan 4 hari, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah varietas avokad yang terdiri dari varietas Mega Murapi, Mega Gagauan, dan Aripan. Setiap unit perlakuan terdiri dari 5 tanaman yang disambung. Parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase keberhasilan penyambungan, persentase pecah tunas, panjang tunas, dan jumlah daun yang terbentuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lamanya penyimpanan entris mempengaruhi keberhasilan sambung pucuk dan panjang tunas, yaitu semakin lama entris disimpan semakin rendah tingkat keberhasilan sambung pucuk dan semakin pendek tunas yang terbentuk. Interaksi antara lama penyimpanan entris dengan varietas berpengaruh terhadap persentase pecah tunas dan pembentukan daun bibit sambung avokad.ABSTRACT. Jawal, M. Anwarudin Syah. 2008. The Effect of Scion Storage on Successfulness of Top Grafting of Some Avocado Varieties. Problems encountered in avocado top grafting multiplication was the long distance between mother plant and the nursery location, so that took some times for scion to be grafted. Beside that, in case of big quantity of seedling should be prepared, the work would not be finished within a day. Experiment was conducted in nursery house of Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute Solok from June to December 2005, and arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial with 3 replications. The first factor was scion storage duration which consisted of 0, 2, and 4 days and the second factor was avocado varieties which consisted of 3 varieties: Mega Murapi, Mega Gagauan, and Aripan. Each treatment consisted of 5 grafted plants. Parameter observed were the percentage of top grafted successfulness, percentage of bud break, leaf number, and shoot length. The results showed that scion storage duration affected top grafting successfulness and shoot length of grafted avocado. There was an interaction between scion storage duration and avocado varieties on the percentage of bud break and leaf number of grafted seedling avocado.
Pengendalian Layu Fusarium Menggunakan Mikrobe Antagonis dan Tanaman Resisten pada Lili Nuryani, Wakiah; Yusuf, Evi Silfia; Hanudin, -; Djatnika, Ika; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

Lili merupakan tanaman hias penting dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Budidaya lili di Indonesia menghadapi kendala utama yaitu penyakit layu Fusarium. Aplikasi bahan kimia sintetik untuk mengendalikan penyakit ini berdampak negatif terhadap kerusakan lingkungan. Aplikasi organisme antagonis dan kultivar resisten merupakan alternatif pengendalian penyakit ramah lingkungan, berdampak positif terhadap kelestariannya, dan meningkatkan produktivitas lili. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mikrobe antagonis, mikrobe nonpatogenik, dan klon lili yang dapat menekan penyakit  layu Fusarium. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biokontrol dan Rumah Sere, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2007. Tata letak percobaan disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial denga tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah klon lili yang terdiri dari klon No.1, No 2, No.3 (tahan), dan No.4 (rentan). Faktor kedua ialah perlakuan mikrobe antagonis (1) Gliocladium sp. 107 spora/ml, (2). Trichoderma sp. 107 sel/ml, (3) Fusarium a virulen 107 spora/ml dan, (4) kontrol (tanpa mikrobe antagonis). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mikrobe antagonis Gliocladium sp. dan klon resisten paling efektif mengendalikan penyakit busuk umbi Fusarium pada lili. Hal ini dibuktikan dari persentase tanaman layu pada perlakuan aplikasi mikrobe dan penggunaan tanaman resistant dibandingkan dengan tanpa perlakuan. Penanaman tanaman resisten diikuti dengan aplikasi Gliocladium paling efektif menekan layu Fusarium dibanding perlakuan lainnya.Lilium is one of  the most important and the heigest economic value of cut flower in Indonesia. Cultivation of Lilium faces major constrain, that is wilt disease caused by Fusarium. Application of synthetic chemicals to control the diseases is not recommended, because its impact is dangerous for environment and human life. Therefore other control measures that are move environmentally friendly and more effective/efficient have to applied. The use of antagonistic microbes and resistance varieties are the most promising control measures to be recommended in the field. The study was aimed to find out of antagonist and nonpathogenic microbes and plant resistant that were effective to control Fusarium bulb rot on lili.  The experiment was conducted at Laboratory and Glasshouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl.) on January to December 2007. Factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was Lilium clones i.e. No.1, No. 2, No. 3 (resistant), and No. 4 (susceptible clone as control). The second factor was antagonism microbes i.e. (1) Gliocladium sp. 107 spora/ml, (2). 107 Trichoderma sp. cel/ml, (3) Fusarium nonpathogenic 107 spora/ml, and (4) control (tap water without antagonist microbe). The results indicated that the use of Gliocladium sp. and resistant clone of Lilium i.e. clone No.3 was effective to control Fusarium bulb rot of Lilium. This proven from lower percentage of disease occurance on the treatment of antagonistics microbes and resistance varieties compared both to those of without treatment (control). The use of resistance plant followed by application of Gliocladium was known to be most effective to control fusarial wilt disease compared to the other treatment combinations.   
Pengaruh Pemberian Zn dan P terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Jeruk Varietas Japanese citroen pada Tanah Inseptisol Juliati, S
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian untuk mempelajari status dan ketersediaan Zn dan P dengan teknologi isotop dan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Zn dan P terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jeruk fase bibit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Tanah Institut Pertanian Bogor, menggunakan tanah Inseptisol dari Pasir Pangaraian, Riau. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah kombinasi pemberian Zn (0, 10, 20, 30, dan 40 ppm) dan P (0, 0,5, 1, dan 1,5 x serapan maksimum P), dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Zn dan P secara nyata meningkatkan serapan Zn dan P. Sebaliknya, pemberian Zn dan P tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap berat tanaman dan diameter batang. Serapan Zn total dan serapan P tanaman berkorelasi positif dengan berat kering tanaman, berturut-turut (r = 0,470**) dan (r = 0,836**). Sementara serapan P berkorelasi negatif dengan serapan Zn dari pupuk (r = -0,042) dan efisiensi serapan Zn pupuk (r = -0,012). Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa unsur Zn dan P mempunyai hubungan antagonis, untuk itu pada saat pemberian pupuk P harus juga mempertimbangkan ketersediaan unsur Zn. Penelitian ini juga mengindikasikan pentingnya unsur Zn pada tanaman jeruk fase bibit di samping unsur P, dalam meningkatkan berat kering tanaman.ABSTRACT. Juliati, S. 2008. The Effect of Zn and P on the Growth of Japanese citroen (JC) Seedling in Inceptisol Soil. The objective of the research was to study the status and the availability of Zn and P using isotop technology, and to know the effect of Zn and P application on the growth of JC seedling. The research was conducted at the Department of Soil Science, Bogor Agriculture University using Inceptisol soil from Pasir Pangaraian, Riau. The treatments were combination of Zn ( 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppm) and P (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 x max sorption of P), with 3 replications. The results showed that the treatment significantly increased Zn and P uptake. On the contrary, the application of Zn and P did not show any significant effect on plant height and trunk diameter. Positive correlations were recorded between Zn uptake and total dry matter (r = 0.470**) as well as between P uptake and total dry matter (r =0.836**). While P uptake had a negative correlation to Zn uptake (r = –0.042) and the efficiency of Zn uptake (r = -0.012). The results of this study described that Zn and P have an antagonistic correlation, so when applying P, the availability of Zn should be considered. The study also indicated that Zn was very important micronutrient besides P in increasing plant dry matter.
Sifat Inovasi dan Aplikasi Teknologi Pengelolaan Terpadu Kebun Jeruk Sehat dalam Pengembangan Agribisnis Jeruk di Kabupaten Sambas, Kalimantan Barat Kahmir, Hilmi Ridwan; ruswandi, Agus; Winarno, -; Muharam, Agus; Hardiyanto, -
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu buah jeruk di Indonesia, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura telah melaksanakan program penelitian dan pengkajian penerapan pengelolaan terpadu kebun jeruk sehat (PTKJS) di beberapa provinsi sentra produksi jeruk. Pengelolaan terpadu kebun jeruk sehat meliputi (a) penggunaan bibit jeruk berlabel bebas penyakit, (b) pengendalian OPT terutama vektor penyakit CVPD, (c) sanitasi kebun yang baik, (d) pemeliharaan tanaman secara optimal, dan (e) konsolidasi pengelolaan kebun. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui sifat inovasi teknologi PTKJS yang berpengaruh terhadap adopsi inovasi oleh petani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sambas, Kalimantan Barat, dari bulan April sampai Desember 2006, menggunakan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua inovasi teknologi PTKJS diadopsi oleh petani jeruk di Kabupaten Sambas. Inovasi teknologi yang tidak diadopsi oleh petani memiliki sifat inovasi yang berkategori nilai rendah. Inovasi teknologi tersebut adalah penggunaan perangkap kuning, penyiraman tanah dengan insektisida, penggunaan sex feromon, pemberongsongan, penyulaman dengan bibit berlabel, pemangkasan arsitektur, penyiraman tanaman dan pemanenan secara benar, serta konsolidasi pengelolaan kebun. Inovasi teknologi PTKJS yang sangat cepat diadopsi oleh petani adalah penyaputan batang menggunakan bubur (belerang) Kalifornia. Faktor nonteknis yang mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi PTKJS adalah kurang dukungan benih bermutu dari instansi berwenang, kurang dukungan penyediaan input produksi, khususnya belerang, rendahnya harga jual, dan kurangnya modal finansial petani.ABSTRACT. Ridwan, H.K., A. Ruswandi, Winarno, A. Muharam, and Hardiyanto. 2008. I���v�����Innovation Characteristics and Technologies Application of Integrated Crop Management for Healthy Citrus Orchid (ICMHCO) on the Development of Citrus Agribusiness in Sambas District, West Kalimantan. To increase production and quality of citrus in Indonesia, the Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development has conducted research and assessment program of ICMHCO in several provinces. Integrated Crop Management for Healthy Citrus Orchid consists of (a) labelled and free diseases planting materials use, (b) pests and diseases control especially for the CVPD vector, (c) good field sanitation, (d) optimum cultural practices, and (e) field management consolidation. The objectives of this research was to evaluate characteristics of ICMHCO innovatory technologies that affect the adoption of the innovations by the farmers. The research was conducted in Sambas District, West Kalimantan, from April to December 2006, using survey method. The results showed that only a part of the innovatory technologies of ICMHCO were adopted by the citrus farmers in Sambas District. The non-adopted technologies generally have low value of technology characteristics. The technologies were labelled free diseases planting materials, yellow trap application, drenching with insecticide solutions, sex pheromon application, pruning, fruit wraping, irrigation and good harvesting practices. The innovatory technologies promptly adopted by the citrus farmers was California (sulphur) paste application. Non-technical factors that affect the adoption of the innovatory technologies of ICMHCO were less quality seed support institutionally, less support of production input from the proper institution especially for sulphur, low selling price and less financial capital of the farmers.

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