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Dinia R Dwijayanti,
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Biotropika
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 23027282     EISSN : 25498703     DOI : 10.21776/ub.biotropika.
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology invites research articles, short communication, and reviews describing new findings/phenomena of biological sciences in tropical regions, specifically in the following subjects, but not limited to biotechnology, biodiversity, microbiology, botany, zoology, biosystematics, ecology, and environmental sciences.
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Articles 544 Documents
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Isolation and Identification of Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in Prancak Village Tobacco Farming Soil Hefdiyah; Rofiqoh
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.01.04

Abstract

Prancak 95 is one of the most prominent tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) varieties in Indonesia, originating from Prancak Village, Madura. Among the essential nutrients required for tobacco growth, nitrogen plays a crucial role in supporting vegetative and reproductive development. Although atmospheric nitrogen is abundant, constituting approximately 78% of the air, it is unavailable to plants in its diatomic form (N2). One sustainable approach to increasing nitrogen availability in soil is through the activity of non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB), which convert atmospheric nitrogen into plant-accessible forms. This study aimed to isolate and identify non-symbiotic NFB from Prancak 95 tobacco farmland soils, in order to assess their population density, nitrogen-fixing potential, and taxonomic affiliation. Soil samples were collected from two locations in Prancak Village: West Tegal and Bilamabuk hamlets. Bacterial isolation was carried out using the pour plate method on Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (YEMA) medium, followed by incubation at 37°C for 3 days. Pure bacterial isolates were subjected to macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical characterisation based on Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Nitrogen-fixation potential was assessed by measuring the clear zone diameter on YEMA medium supplemented with Congo red, and the clear zone ratio was used as an indicator of nitrogenase activity. The results showed that the average non-symbiotic NFB population in West Tegal was 3.25 × 105 CFU.g-1, while in Bilamabuk it was 2.7 × 105 CFU.g-1. A total of six bacterial isolates were selected for further study. All isolates demonstrated nitrogen-fixing potential, with clear zone ratios ranging from 1.26 to 2.60 cm. Based on morphological, microscopic, and biochemical analyses, isolates coded PT2, PB1, and PB3 were identified as belonging to the genus Bacillus, while isolates PT1, PT3, and PB2 were tentatively identified as members of the genus Corynebacterium.
Optimization of Analysis Method on Total Phenol Content and Antioxidant Activity in Peel and Seeds of White Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Faisal; Ramadhan, Majida; Rafsanjani, Ramizard; Januarista, Terra
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.01.05

Abstract

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel and seeds are rich in bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics, which contribute significantly to their antioxidant properties. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of white pomegranate peel and seed extracts. TPC was measured using theFolin–Ciocalteu method, while antioxidant activity was assessed via the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Maceration extraction was employed using a 1:1 ethanol–distilled water solvent system. The TPC values of the peel and seed extracts were 99.909 µg/g and 3.424 µg/g samples, respectively, indicating a substantially higher phenolic concentration in the peel. Antioxidant activity, expressed as IC50, was 17.361 ppm for the peel and 26.378 ppm for the seeds, categorizing both as possessing very strong antioxidant potential. The correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity reinforces the role of phenolics as key contributors to antioxidant activity. These results underscore the importance of selecting optimal extraction methods to enhance bioactive compound recovery. The strong antioxidant activity of both peel and seed extracts highlights their potential application as natural antioxidants in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Quality Evaluation of Balinese Bull’s Spermatozoa in Tris Egg Yolk Extender Supplemented with Java Turmeric Extract During Pre and Post-Thawing Adawiyah, Robiatul; Rahayu, Sri; Marhendra, Agung PW; Fitriantini, Yeni
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.02.03

Abstract

Cryopreservation may induce oxidative stress that negatively affects spermatozoa quality. Supplementing semen extenders with antioxidants has emerged as an effective approach to minimise such detrimental effects. This research aims to analyse the effect of supplementing Java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) rhizome extract (ERT) to a Tris egg yolk (TEY) extender on the cryopreserved sperm quality of Balinese bulls. Four treatment groups were evaluated: P0 (TEY+ 0% ERT) as control, P1 (TEY + 2% ERT), P2 (TEY + 4% ERT), and P3 (TEY + 6% ERT). The study encompassed the preparation of extenders, semen collection, spermatozoa quality observation in fresh, liquid, and frozen semen, also statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test at a 5% significance threshold. Progressive motility was assessed using CASA IVOS II, while viability and abnormalities were evaluated using eosin-nigrosin staining. The results showed that in pre-thawing conditions, all treatments had no significant difference compared to the control for all parameters. In post-thawing conditions, P1 maintained spermatozoa motility and viability similar to the control group. Moreover, the proportion of abnormal spermatozoa decreased significantly with higher ERT concentrations, with P3 exhibiting the lowest abnormality rate. These findings indicate that ERT supplementation in TEY extender can maintain motility and viability comparable to the control, while offering superior protection against post-thaw abnormalities.
Conservation Strategy and Innovation of Indigenous Indonesian Orchids for Sustainable Practice Khoirul Arifin, Fathur; Nuraini, Latifa; Purba, Endang Rinawati
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.02

Abstract

Indigenous Indonesian orchids are one of the biodiversity assets that are threatened with extinction due to habitat destruction, over-exploitation, and climate change factors. Conservation efforts have been developed to protect indigenous orchids in their natural habitat and outside their habitat. Bibliometric analysis is one of the popular tools used to analyse a number of scientific articles. VOSviewer is a method that shows that this study focuses on themes such as biodiversity, propagation technology, and ecotourism utilisation. The purpose of this study is to determine the research trend on the topic of strategy and innovation for the conservation of indigenous Indonesian orchids from year to year and to visualise research related to this topic for sustainable use. Data were collected from the SCOPUS database from 2018 to 2024 using the keywords "orchid species" OR "family Orchidaceae" OR "Orchid genus" OR "Orchid variety" AND strategy OR conservation OR innovation. The VOSviewer method was used to analyse and visualise the results. The results obtained were that the accumulation of search results in the 2018-2024 period was 355 articles. Seventy-two countries contributed to the study and were represented by 162 sponsoring institutions. This indicates that there are still many opportunities and potential from this topic that need to be developed for further research.
Effect of Aqueous Basil Extract (Ocimum sanctum) on Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Mice Sperm Aris Soewondo; Sri Rahayu; Agung Pramana Warih Marhendra; Nurul Shafa Paramita; Anaqoh Roudhotul Jannah Winarso
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.02.01

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the protective effect of aqueous extract of basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum) on the sperm quality of monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced mice. This study used 30 male mice (aged 4-5 weeks old and weighing 25-35 grams), which were then randomly divided into five groups: P0 (healthy male mice), P1 (male mice induced with 4mg/kg BW MSG), P2, P3, P4 (male mice induced with MSG and given aqueous extract of basil leaves (O. sanctum) 300mg/kgBB, 500mg/kgBB, 700mg/kgBB for 14 days). At the end of treatment, all mice will be sacrificed and cauda epididymis was isolated. The obtained semen was analysed for sperm quality, including motility, viability, concentration, and spermatozoa abnormalities. Data analysis used one-way ANOVA and continued with the Duncan test using SPSS for Windows. In this study, the administration of 700mg/kg BW aqueous extract of basil leaves (O. sanctum) could improve sperm quality by increasing motility, viability, and concentration of sperm and also alter the sperm abnormality of MSG-induced mice.
Colchicine-Induced Genetic Variability in Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri): a Study Using SRAP Markers Wahyudi, Didik; Suyono; Resmisari, Ruri Siti; Mauludyah, Rohmatul
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.02.04

Abstract

Mutation induction of porang both physically and chemically is widely used to increase the genetic variation of porang. However, mutation induction chemically by using colchicine is more effective than the other mutagens. Therefore, this study aims to assess the genetic diversity of porang after mutation induction using colchicine. Polyploidy induction is performed 30 days after planting of the porang plantlet. 0%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.04% colchicine was added to 12.5 ml of MS medium using a 0.22 µm Millipore filter. After 53 days, porang plantlets were ready for DNA isolation. A total of 10 SRAP primer combinations were used for DNA amplification. Genetic diversity in and between porang population was performed using POPGENE software. Clustering analysis using PAST Software was also performed to identify genetic variation. Mutation induction using colchicine significantly increased the genetic diversity of porang. Among the SRAP primer combinations, ME2-EM2 is the most effective in detecting the induced genetic variation in porang. Mutation induction using 0.03% colchicine is highly recommended as it produces significant genetic changes compared to normal porang. Porang mutant resulting from 0.03% colchicine treatment holds great potential for porang breeding programs, as it can generate novel phenotypic variations and increase the chances of obtaining superior genotypes with desirable agronomic traits.
Heavy Metal Levels in Post-Coal Mining Lakes Used for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Farming with Floating Net Cage System in South Kalimantan Kusnadi, Iwan Sugiarto; Nurhasanah, Nurhasanah
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.02.06

Abstract

This study evaluated tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivation using the Floating Net Cage (FNC) system in a post-mining lake of PT Arutmin Indonesia, South Kalimantan. The main objective of this study was to measure the content of heavy metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in water and fish organs to ensure consumption safety. Data collection was conducted in April–June 2022, and the analysis results showed that the highest levels of As and Cd were accumulated in the liver and gills of fish, but were still below the safe threshold. Meanwhile, lead was not detected in all samples. Based on the t-test, no significant differences were found between organs in metal content. These results indicate that the waters and fish from the lake are safe for human consumption. This study supports the use of post-mining land for productive and sustainable activities that are economically beneficial to the surrounding community.
Diversity of Fusarium spp. on Various Host Plants in Indonesia: a Systematic Review Seftyana, Avi Sheila; Sukma, Pawesti Ramadhini; Nuraeni, Sifa; Sari, Indah Juwita; Mumtazah, Najwa Qonita
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.02.08

Abstract

This study systematically reviews the diversity of Fusarium spp. associated with various host plants in Indonesia, including banana, shallot, taro, maize seeds, and weeds. Fusarium is a major group of pathogenic fungi in agriculture, capable of infecting multiple plant parts such as roots, stems, and leaves. The review also considers both pathogenic and endophytic species, as well as the influence of environmental factors on their occurrence. Data were synthesised from ten relevant articles obtained through the Google Scholar database. The findings indicate that environmental factors—particularly humidity, temperature, and host plant availability—play a significant role in shaping the diversity of Fusarium spp. in Indonesia. These insights can support the development of effective management strategies to prevent the spread of Fusarium and promote the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems.
Utilization of Various Organic Mulches in Maintaining Soil Moisture in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis J.) Main-Nursery During Dry Season Widiyani, Dimas Prakoswo; Sari, Resti Puspa Kartika; Airlangga, Tandaditya Ariefandra
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.02.07

Abstract

One of the determinants of the success of an oil palm cultivation business is the provision of quality seeds. Seedlings can be produced through good maintenance. Oil palm nurseries are divided into two stages: the pre-nursery phase lasts 3 months after germination, and the main-nursery phase lasts  7-9 months after pre-nursery. In uncertain weather like today, it is very difficult to predict environmental conditions that are suitable for oil palm seedlings. Meanwhile, in the main nursery phase, the seeds are placed in an open area with adjusted planting distances. One alternative to reduce evaporation and save water is by providing several types of organic mulch. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of using various types of organic mulch in enhancing the growth of oil palm plants in the main nursery during the dry season. This research used a randomised block design with four treatments, including no mulch (control), empty palm fruit bunch mulch, straw, and reed. Each treatment uses a weight of 50 grams of mulch per plant in a polybag. Based on the results and discussion, it was found that using organic mulch could increase plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, soil moisture and soil organic C content. However, the use of mulch does not affect soil pH.
Evaluating the Quality of Selected Spring Waters in Singosari and Karangploso District Using Phytoplankton as Bioindicators Gumilang, Retno; Hakim, Luchman; Retnaningdyah, Catur
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.02.05

Abstract

The integrity of the water quality in the ecosystem must be maintained to provide benefits for the environment and the living creatures within it. The Singosari and Karangploso Districts have many springs which are usually used by the local community for various needs. Water quality can be evaluated using several types of bioindicators, and phytoplankton is one of the reliable bioindicators. This research aims to evaluate the water quality in Suceng, Nyolo, Sumberawan, Umbulan Ngenep, Nagan, Biru, Belik, Suko, and Umbulan Springs in Singosari using phytoplankton as a bioindicator. The research was conducted from June to September 2024. The physical and chemical parameters observed in the water were air temperature, water temperature, conductivity, total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate, orthophosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Determination of the phytoplankton community structure profile was carried out by calculating taxa richness/TR, IVI, H', dominance index/ID, %PTV, and TDI. The results showed that all physical and chemical quality parameters have met the Indonesian government’s Class II standards.  The phytoplankton H’ values range between 3.39 and 4.32, indicating the water is uncontaminated by toxic materials. However, based on %PTV, Belik Spring is considered heavily organic polluted water (%PTV 70), and Umbulan Ngenep is classified as moderately organic polluted water (39%). Based on TDI measurement, it can be concluded that Nyolo, Suceng, Sumberawan, Suko, and Umbulan Spring were considered as oligoeutrophic (TDI 12.0-25.0), while Nagan, Biru, Umbulan Ngenep, and Belik were classified as mesoeutrophic water (TDI 25.7-45.3). Therefore, it is essential to control the human activities around the springs in Karangploso and Singosari.

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