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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention
Published by Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention
ISSN : 23558989     EISSN : 20880197     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention (IJCC) is an open access, peer-reviewed, triannual journal devoted to publishing articles on Cancer Chemoprevention including Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, especially concerning Anti-Oxidants, Anti-Aging, Anti-Inflammation, Anti-Angiogenesis, and Anti-Carcinogenesis; Cancer Detection; Stem Cell Biology; Immunology; in vitro and in silico Exploration of Chemopreventive Mechanism; and Natural Products.
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Articles 334 Documents
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Cytotoxicity Effect of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System from Chloroform Extract of Bay Leaf (Syzygium Polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) with Oleic Acid as a Carrier Anif Nur Artanti; Fea Prihapsara; Sholichah Rohmani
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 13, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss2pp94-103

Abstract

Bay leaves are used as food flavoring and also have medicinal properties. They may have cytotoxic effects derived from natural ingredients. The low efficacy of the therapy with an adequate dose preparation of the plant extract is due to its low solubility and oral bioavailability that is less than the maximum. Hence, this study aimed to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of the extract mainly for the chloroform extract of leaves that are not soluble in water by preparing a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). Then, the potential cytotoxic effects of the SNEDDS of bay leaves were determined by calculating the value of IC50 on the T47D cell line. The cytotoxic effect of the SNEDDS of bay leaves was determined using an MTT assay, and the findings were read using an ELISA reader. Data analysis is calculated via linear regression methods by using Microsoft Excel software. The results showed that the SNEDDS of bay leaves performed cytotoxic effects on the T47D cell line with IC50 138 μg/mL. The results showed that the optimal composition formula SNEDDS, namely, Tween 20:PG:oleic acid = 2.25:2.25:0.5 in 5 mL SNEDDS preparation, which had a value of transmittance of 83.81% with emulsification time was less than 5 min; the average droplet size was 165.5 nm, and the zeta potential was −0.4 mV. The data analysis showed that the cytotoxicity effect of the SNEDDS of bay leaves is included in the moderate cytotoxic category.Keywords: Bay leaf, optimization, nanoemulsi, cytotoxicity.
Simple Procedure for the Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Parts of the Human Umbilical Cord Ahmad Suyoko; Pekik Wiji Prasetyaningrum; Endah Puji Septisetyani
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 13, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss2pp104-113

Abstract

The umbilical cord and placenta are both sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are promising for cell-based therapy. Furthermore, compared to other MSCs sources, they are easy to obtain with no invasive procedures. This study presents an adapted method for stem cell isolation from three different parts of the human umbilical cord, including Wharton’s jelly (WJ), cord lining (CL), and cord-placenta junction (CPJ). The isolation consists of sample preparation, tissue dissection into distinct anatomical regions, mincing and enzyme digestion, and explant culturing. In addition, we monitored when the cells migrated from the explant to the bottom of the cell culture dish and passed the cells after they became confluent. This study found that WJ cells were the first to reach confluence at Passage 0 (P0). In contrast, CL cells needed the longest time to get confluence at P0 but displayed faster cell growth after subsequent passages (P1-P2). In addition, CPJ cells showed growth retardation after P1 and P2. Altogether, we could extract the MSCs from umbilical cord tissue explants by using DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 IU/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin as general cell culture medium and omitting the use of gentamicin. However, the MSCs may need a more complex specified medium for optimum cell regeneration for further cell expansion.Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord, Wharton’s jelly, cord lining, cord-placenta junction.
The Exploration of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) as Co-Chemotherapy of Lung Cancer Selectively Targets AKR1C1: Bioinformatics Approach Lucky Octavianus Saputra; Salsabila Yusfita Fawzy; Ratih Kurnia Wardani; Endang Lukitaningsih
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 13, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss2pp114-127

Abstract

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is one of the cancer-causing agents, one of which is lung cancer. In addition to being carcinogenic, ROS can also be used to kill cancer cells themselves, by increasing their levels to the threshold of apoptosis. Therefore, it is necessary to inhibit certain antioxidant enzymes that are highly expressed in lung cancer. One of them is AKR1C1 which plays a role in the eradication of intracellular ROS. However, AKR1C1 has a high structural similarity to AKR1C2, so it can inhibit therapy causing selectivity problems. Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) has potential as an anticancer. This study was conducted to explore vetiver as a co-chemotherapeutic agent for lung cancer targeting AKR1C1 selectively. The method used is distillation, identification of vetiver compounds using GC-MS, and through bioinformatics studies. Predictive analysis with KNIME was carried out to determine the activity of the test compound. All tested vetiver compounds had a predictive value of 1 (active) on AKR1C1 and 0 (inactive) on AKR1C2. Through GC-MS obtained 354 compounds were identified. These compounds are used to filter the compounds predicted by KNIME. The molecular docking results showed that of the 10 tested vetiver compounds, there was 1 compound that had the strongest bond in interacting with AKR1C1, namely beta vetispirene compound with an S-score of -15.12 kcal/mol, and stronger than native ligand and aspirin. Based on the research data, it can be concluded that the beta vetispirene compound in vetiver can be a potential co-chemotherapy agent for lung cancer in targeting AKR1C1 selectively. However, further research is needed to prove its activity on lung cancer cells.Keywords: ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), Lung Cancer, AKR1C1, selectivity, vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides).
Cytotoxic Test of Cassia alata L. Leaves Ethanol Extracts, Fractions, and Main Compounds against MCF-7 Cells Marya Salfia Khoerunisah; Marissa Angelina; Kasiyati Kasiyati
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 13, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss3pp144-151

Abstract

Cancer is the primary cause of death worldwide. Conventional cancer treatment is known to be less than optimal because of its chemoresistance and toxicity to normal cells. The search for cancer drugs from natural ingredients is still being carried out as an effort to overcome these problems. Cassia alata L. leaf extract is known to have antibacterial and antitumor activities. The main compounds of C. alata L. leaves (emodin, aloe-emodin, and kaempferol) have been reported to have antiproliferative activity. This study aimed to examine the cytotoxic activity of the C. alata L. leaves ethanol extracts, fractions, and main compounds against breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Cytotoxic activity was carried out by the MTT method. IC50 was determined by linear regression analysis describing the relationship between concentration and % cell viability. The results showed that aloe-emodin, emodin, and kaempferol had better cytotoxic activity than the extract and fractions of the C. alata L. leaves with IC50 values respectively 12.7 ppm, 18.1 ppm, and 131.3 ppm.Keywords: Breast cancer, cytotoxic assay, Cassia alata L., ketepeng cina, MCF-7.
Potential Inhibition of Melaleuca leucadendron L. Compounds Against the NSP5 SARS CoV-2 Protein Ira Resmi Melani; Muhammad Farid Wafi; Mohammad Reza Riandinata; Putri Aulawiya Rosyida Halim; Roihatul Muti'ah; Dewi Santosaningsih
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 13, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss3pp195-206

Abstract

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), causing a global health emergency as a pandemic disease. The lack of certain drug molecules or treatment strategies to fight this disease makes it worse. Therefore, effective drug molecules are needed to fight COVID-19. Non Structural Protein (NSP5) or called Main Protease (Mpro) of SARS CoV 2, a key component of this viral replication, is considered a key target for anti-COVID-19 drug development. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the compounds in the Melaleuca leucadendron L. plant such as 1,8-cineole, terpene, guaiol, linalol, α-selinenol, β-eudesmol and γ-eudesmol are predicted to have antiviral activity for COVID-19. Interaction of compounds with NSP5 with PDB code 6WNP analyzed using molecular docking with Molegro Virtual Docker. Based on binding affinity, the highest potential as an anti-viral is Terpineol with binding energy (-119.743 kcal/mol). The results of the interaction showed that terpinol has similarities in all three amino acid residues namely Cys 145, Gly 143, and Glu 166 with remdesivir and native ligand. Melaleuca leucadendron L. may represent a potential herbal treatment to act as: COVID-19 NSP5, however these findings must be validated in vitro and in vivo.Keywords: COVID-19, In Silico, NSP5/ 6WNP, Melaleuca leucadendron L.
Acute Toxicity Test of Ekor Naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott) Leaf Extract in Mice and Kidney Histological Examination Fathnur Sani K.; Dian Magfirah; Yuliawati Yuliawati; Elisma Elisma; Uce Lestari
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 13, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss3pp152-158

Abstract

Ekor Naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott) is a traditional plant used by the community. Previous studies have shown that this plant has pharmacological effects, including as anthelmintics, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent as well as promotes wound healing. Thus, it is necessary to do a toxicity test. The study aimed to determine the effect of the extract on histopathology of the kidney through a toxicity test. The research used an experimental design. The test animals were divided into 5 groups, each of which consisted of 5 test animals: negative control (0.5% Na. CMC), Treatment 1 (Extract of ekor naga leaves at a dose of 200 mg/Kg BW), Treatment 2 (Extract of ekor naga leaves at a dose of 600 mg/Kg BW), Treatment 3 (Extract of ekor naga leaves at a dose of 1800 mg/Kg BW), and Treatment 4 (Extract of Ekor Naga Leaves at a dose of 5400 mg/Kg BW). The parameters observed were the Letal Dose (LD50) and the histophatology of the kidney. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA test, followed with Duncan’s test. The results showed no significant difference in the weight of the kidney (p>0.05), and the histophatology of the kidney after 14 days of acute administration of ekor naga leaf extract in all the treatment was normal. The administration of ekor naga leaf extract at therapeutic doses and larger doses of single administration did not have a bad effect on the histology of the kidney.Keywords: Ekor Naga Leaves, Kidney, Histopathology, Acute Toxicity.
Antiviral Activitiy of Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin and Cyclocurcumin compounds of Curcuma longa against NSP3 on SARS-CoV-2 Rizka Nurul Hidayah; Belia Bima Nafisa; Miftah Saiful 'Arifin; Dewi Santosaningsih; Roihatul Muti'ah
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 13, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss3pp166-174

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes two large polyproteins (pp), pp1a and pp1ab which are cleaved and transformed into a mature form by a protease, non-structural protein 3 (NSP3). NSP3 is encoded by open reading frame (ORF) 1a/b. Curcuma longa (C. longa) or turmeric has been documented to have antiviral effects. The aim of this study was to assess the viral activities of C. longa against SARS-CoV-2 focusing on its potency to inhibit viral replication by targeting NSP3. PubChem databases were used to obtain the metabolic profile of C. longa. The compound's interaction with nucleocapsid was analyzed using molecular docking with Molegro Virtual Docker. Bioinformatics analysis based on rerank score presents all compounds of C. longa have higher binding affinity than the native ligand with cyclocurcumin as the lowest score (-128.38 kcal/mol). This anti-viral activity was hypothesized from the similarity of hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues Ser 128 and Asn 40 as key residues present in Ribavirin. This study reveals that C. longa is the potential to be developed as an antiviral agent through replication inhibition in SARS-CoV-2 targeting its replication mediated by NSP3.Keywords: C. longa, Non-Structural Protein 3, COVID-19.
Virtual Screening on Molecules Targeting the Interaction Between Estrogen Receptor Beta and Murine Double Minute 2 Novyananda Salmasfattah; Nunuk Aries Nurulita; Binar Asrining Dhiani
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 13, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss3pp184-194

Abstract

Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is an isoform of estrogen receptor that plays a role in breast cancer. An E3 ubiquitin ligase, murine double minute 2 (MDM2), can bind to ERβ and degrade it. Virtual screening and protein-protein docking studies are one of the approaches that can be performed to discover FDA-approved drugs targeting the interaction of the ERβ-MDM2 complex. This study aimed to conduct virtual screening of 1615 compounds targeting the interaction between ERβ-MDM2 as an initial study to discover potential breast cancer drugs. Biovia Discovery Studio 2021, ClusPro 2.0, PyRx 8.0, and PyMOL software were utilized in this study. ERβ (PDB ID: 3OLS) and MDM2 (PDB ID: 1T4E) receptors were docked to obtain the ERβ-MDM2 protein complex. The ligands used in the virtual screening were FDA-approved drugs downloaded from the ZINC database. PIC and PLIP web tools were also utilized to analyze the amino acid residues involved in the interaction. The virtual screening results showed that ergotamine was the drug with the lowest energy score (-12.0 kcal/mol) among 1057 drugs and was able to establish the strongest interaction between ERβ-MDM2. In conclusion, based on this computational study, ergotamine strengthens the interaction between ERβ-MDM2 and thus could be used as a candidate for breast cancer drug. Thorough validation of in vitro, biochemical, and in vivo studies are needed to confirm this finding.Keywords: Estrogen receptor beta, breast cancer, protein-protein interaction, MDM2.
Dosimetric Comparison between Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT) in Mid Lower esophageal Carcinoma: An Analytical Observational Study Tavseef Ahmad Tali; Fiza Amin; Aijaz Ahmad Khan; Shahid Rashid Sofi; Mushtaq Ahmad Sofi; Mohsin Rehman Khan
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 13, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss3pp159-165

Abstract

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common cancer with high mortality because of its rapid progression and poor prognosis. One of the most successful therapies for EC is radiotherapy. Two recently created radiation methods are intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). In terms of target coverage, dose homogeneity, and lowering toxicity to healthy organs, IMRT is thought to be superior to 3D-CRT. These benefits haven't been proven in the treatment of EC, though. This study was performed to investigate if intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) offers a better planning target volume (PTV) coverage and/or lower dose to organs at risk in comparison to three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). 30 patients with locally advanced histo-pathologically proven mid and lower oesophageal carcinoma, not reaching gastro-esophageal junction were treated with chemoradiation using IMRT technique. 3DCRT plans were generated for those 30 patients. The IMRT and 3DCRT plans were compared in terms of PTV coverage and doses to organs at risk. Our results revealed that IMRT is better than 3DCRT comparing PTV coverage and doses to organs at risk having statistically significant difference between both techniques (p<0.001). As for the organs at risk (OAR), the V20 for the IMRT plans delivered lesser lung volume irradiation also the mean dose to the heart and the V30 were both higher in the 3DCRT plans.Keywords: esophageal cancers (ECs), Organs at risk (OAR), Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), Planned target volume (PTV).
Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Dillenia serrata Thunb Ethanol Extract Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line Rahmawati Rahmawati; Zulkifli Zulkifli; Tri Rini Nuringtyas; Riris Istighfari Jenie; Laurentius Hartanto Nugroho
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 13, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss3pp175-183

Abstract

Women’s breast cancer incidence rate in Indonesia ranks number one with 12 per 100,000 cases, with luminal A as the dominant subtype. Currently, chemotherapeutic agents have limitations that lead to inefficiencies in therapy, therefore it is necessary to develop more effective and efficient chemopreventive agents. Plant secondary metabolites can provide pharmacological effects that can be used as chemoprevention agents. Secondary metabolites of D. serrata may have pharmacological effects as antioxidants and cytotoxic. This study aims to determine the antioxidant properties and cytotoxic activity of D. serrata ethanolic extract on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The leaves of D. serrata were macerated, while the bark and root samples were refluxed with 96% ethanol as solvent. All extracts were evaporated with a rotary evaporator. Qualitative evaluation of the phytochemical content of leaf ethanolic extract, bark ethanolic extract, and root ethanolic extract was done using the standard tube test method. The antioxidant assay was carried out using the DPPH. The cytotoxic activity was determined in vitro using an MTT assay against the MCF-7 cell line with a series of concentrations from 12.5–400 μg/mL. Doxorubicin was the positive control treated at a 3.125–100 μg/mL concentration. The antioxidant activity showed that leaf extract had the highest antioxidant activity, followed by root and bark extract, with IC50 values of 95.66, 270.5, and 335.96 ppm, respectively. Leaf ethanolic extract and root ethanolic extract’s cytotoxic ability is considered moderate cytotoxic with IC50 values of 493.17 and 229.82 μg/mL, respectively. Amongst the ethanolic extract from the leaf, bark, and root of D. serrata, the leaf ethanolic extract has the best anti-oxidant activity and the bark ethanolic extract was the most cytotoxic one against MCF-7 cells.Keywords: Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Dillenia serrata, MCF-7.

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