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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
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Articles 77 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 14, No 1 (2025)" : 77 Documents clear
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential using Disc Diffusion Assay of Seagrape Macroalgae Extract (Caulerpa sp.) in the waters of Pasaran Island, Lampung as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent Nurjanah, Annisa; Kurniawan, Eri Surya; Giani, Giani; Prasetyo, Deni; Pramesti, Gustiviana Shandy; Rahmando, Revo Aulia; Syafitri, An; Umam, Fais Safiqul; Putri, Wanda Andella; Amiin, Muhammad Kholiqul
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.17-24

Abstract

Sea grape (Caulerpa sp.) is a green seaweed species with bioactive content consisting of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenols. This study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of Sea*Grape macroalgae extract (Caulerpa sp.) obtained from Pasaran Island, Lampung. The diffusion assay method assessed the antimicrobial activity of Caulerpa sp. extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Caulerpa sp. samples were extracted using the maceration extraction method and evaporated using two methods: water bath and rotary evaporator. The results showed that Caulerpa sp. extract had antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 10,000 ppm, which was resistant to Staphylococcus aureus. These findings suggest that Caulerpa sp. from the waters of Pasaran Island has the potential to be a source of natural antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory components if the concentration of the extract is more significant, which can be further developed for applications in the health and pharmaceutical fields.
Effect of Prolonged Dehumidification on the Chemical Properties of Crassiacarpa and Mangium Honey Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim; Nawansih, Otik; Nurainy, Fibra; Mubarik, Depri
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.25-31

Abstract

Honey is a natural substance bees produce from nectar, flower sap, or liquid collected from living plant parts. The honey undergoes bee modification and binding before being stored in hexagonal combs. Effective dehumidification is crucial for enhancing honey quality and extending its shelf life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of prolonged dehumidification time, honey type, and their interaction on the quality of Crassiacarpa and Mangium honey and to determine the optimal dehumidification treatment to meet the SNI 8664-2018 standard. A factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications was employed. Two liters each of Crassiacarpa and Mangium honey were placed in trays with a thickness of ±2 cm and dehumidified at 25°C and 40% humidity for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Following dehumidification, the honey was analyzed for moisture content, total acidity, pH, and sensory attributes (taste, color, aroma, texture). Data were analyzed descriptively. The results demonstrated that dehumidification time significantly impacted moisture content, total acidity, and pH. Honey type significantly affected moisture content and pH. The interaction between dehumidification time and honey type significantly affected pH. The optimal treatment for both honey types was dehumidification for 96 hours, which resulted in honey that met the SNI 8664-2018 standard.
Correlation of Allergic Rhinitis Patient Questionnaire with Skin Prick Test Results at Saiful Anwar Regional Hospital Maharani, Iriana; Kurniadi, Melody Audria
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.33-36

Abstract

Objective: To determine the optimal cut-off value of the Allergic Rhinitis Patient Questionnaire as a diagnostic tool and its correlation with Skin Prick Test (SPT) results; Methods: The data used were medical records at the ENT Polyclinic dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital with cross sectional method then the data was processed with the SPSS application; Results.: Demographic data are dominated by males (56.3%) with an age range of 19-59 years (74.7%). The most common symptom complained was nasal congestion (71.3%). The trigger of symptoms is dominated by dust allergens (77%). The most common classification of Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is moderate – severe (50.6%) with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score > 5 and dominated by complaints of sleep disturbances (57.5%). The optimal limit value of the Allergic Rhinitis Patient Questionnaire is 10, where patients with a score value ³ 10 can be assumed to suspect AR. There is a significant correlation between the results of the assessment using the Allergic Rhinitis Patient Questionnaire and the results of the SPT examination. Conclusion: Patients with a total score of Allergic Rhinitis Patient Questionnaire ³ 10 were assumed to be suspected of AR and the results of the questionnaire assessment correlated with the SPT results.
Fermented Feed for Laying Hens: Effects on Egg Quality and the Number of Enteric Pathogenic Bacteria Present Amantsura, Daimeera Anja Lulu; Retnaningrum, Endah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.37-41

Abstract

Eggs are one of the most common food sources for human consumption because they are common, easy to obtain, and nutritious. Eggs contain abundant vitamins and minerals that the human body needs, are a good source of protein and fat and are rich in choline. Despite its high nutritional value, eggs are also one of the leading causes of food poisoning and foodborne diseases in various countries. This is due to contamination in eggs by pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter bacteria. Fermented chicken feed contains natural probiotics added to the feed, which improves gut health, better absorption of nutrients, inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, enhances the immune response in chickens. This study is conducted to distinguish the diffrence in quality of eggs that can be physically observed in chicken eggs fed with fermented feed compared to chicken eggs fed regular feed, as well as to compare the number of total bacteria and enteric pathogenic bacteria contained in the contents of chicken eggs that includes Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp bacteria. The methods used in this research include observing egg quality comparisons, calculating and comparing the total number of bacteria, and testing for the presence of enteric pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella, spp. using the plate count method. The resulting data was processed using the one-way ANOVA method with a confidence level of 95%. The results of this research show higher egg quality in fermented fed eggs which is characterized by the color of the yolk which tends to be darker yellow to orange and thicker egg shells. The total bacteria count showed that the bacteria was significantly lower in eggs from chickens fed fermented feed. Tests for the number of enteric bacteria showed positive results for E. coli in 1 out of 10 egg content samples from chicken fed with fermented feed, and positive results for E. coli in 2 out of 10 egg samples from chicken fed with regular feed, while test results for Salmonella spp. showed negative results in all samples.
Mint leaf extract (Mentha x piperita L.) and Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) As Additional Ingredients for Making Hand Sanitizer Winandari, Ovi Prasetya; Anisya, Shinta; Carolin, Lili Anisa
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.1-7

Abstract

Spray Hand Sanitizer In this study is a product used as an alternative hand cleansing with the addition of mint leaf extract and bay leaves that contain secondary metabolitic compounds and can form an antibacterial inhibitory zone. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the addition of mint leaf extract (Mentha x piperita L.) and bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp.) As a spray hand sanitizer formulation. The method used is quantitative with a complete random design research design (RAL) consisting of 4 treatments, namely: P0 (30% Bay leaf extract: Control), P1 (3% Mint Leaf Extract + 30% Salam Leaf Extract), P2 (5 % Mint leaf extract + 30% bay leaf extract) and P3 (7% mint leaf extract and 30% bay leaf extract). Data analysis techniques in the form of ANOVA tests and further DMRT tests. The results showed that the addition of mint leaf extract and bay leaves gave effectiveness to the hand sanitizer formulation with the ability to form an inhibitory zone for the staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The largest inhibitory zone is formed by the P3 formulation with an average diameter of 15.78 mm category of strong inhibition. The spray hand sanitizer formulation that is preferred by panelists is the P3 formulation (7% of mint leaf extract + 30% bay leaf extract). The average value of the P3 formulation in the color parameter of 3.57, the aroma parameter of 3.63, the parameter of the use of 3.4 and the absorption rate of 3.57 with a fairly like category.
Correlation of BMP2 with Degree of Osteitisin Primary CRS with and without nasal Polyps Handoko, Edi; Santoso, David; Maharani, Iriana; P.W, Yuyun Yueniwati; Agustina, Tanti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.43-50

Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses, persisting for over12 weeks. CRS involves a remodeling process and opacification known as osteitis, resulting from type 2 and non-type two inflammation. Osteitis severity is assessed using CT scans and the Global Osteitis Scoring Scale (GOSS). Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is crucial in osteogenesis and bone remodeling. However, no research has shown a relationship between BMP-2 concentration and osteitis degree, as measured by GOSS, in CRS patients with or without nasal polyps. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between BMP-2 concentration and osteitis degree measure with GOSS in primary CRS. A cross-sectional analytic observational study was conducted using primary RSK as the study population. BMP-2 concentration, a marker for bone remodeling, used ELISA. The osteitis of the paranasal sinus walls was assessed with a CT scan and quantified using the GOSS method.  The study included 44 patients, with 8 of them serving as the control group. It was found that BMP-2 concentration (ng/mL) had a linear relationship with the GOSS degree in patients with CRS, showing a correlation of 0.583 (deviation >0.05). Further analysis revealed a significant correlation between BMP-2 concentration and GOSS, with a coefficient of 0.857 (considered very significant, in the range of 0.76-0.99). This strong correlation indicates that as BMP-2 concentration strongly correlates with the occurance of osteitis, which were measured by GOSS. BMP-2, as a marker for osteitis in CRS, shows a significant and linear correlation with the severity degree of osteitis measured by GOSS.
Identification of JAMU KU-HE-SE as an Alternative Health Supporting Ingredient Botahala, Loth; Djasibani, Hemy Ratmas; Karbeka, Martasiana; Nahak, Maria Hendriana
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.9-16

Abstract

Herbal plants have been used since ancient times in traditional medicine and continue to be maintained and preserved in Indonesia. They are called Jm. Each part of an herbal plant has active components in the form of secondary metabolite compounds, ranging from tubers, wood, sap, latex, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds that function to maintain life in their environment. Turmeric, ginger, and lemongrass are included in Jm plants, which are very useful in traditional medicine because they have various secondary metabolite compounds. This study aims to obtain an even distribution of secondary metabolite compounds through phytochemical tests, inhibition of free radicals through antioxidant activity tests, and an even distribution of nutrients through proximate analysis in JKHS samples with a certain formula. The results of the phytochemical test showed that JKHS contains several important phytochemical components with the intensity it shows. Phenolic content (++) can provide benefits in protecting body cells from oxidative damage. Saponin (+) has anti-inflammatory properties and has the potential as an antimicrobial agent. In addition, steroids (+) and terpenoids (++), play a role in regulating the body's physiological functions and can support hormonal balance and the immune system and the potential in treating certain diseases. Alkaloid content (+)can affect the nervous system and has analgesic and stimulant properties. JKHS samples also contain carotenoids (+), which protect body cells from free radicals and oxidative damage. With the  value of 4.838 µg / mL of the sample, it shows that JKHS extract has very strong antioxidant potential. Through proximate analysis, it was obtained that the water content (15.38%) reflects the humidity level in JKHS which can affect the stability of product storage, the ash content (6.29%) indicates that JKHS can be a good source of minerals to support health, the crude protein content (3.79%) indicates that JKHS contributes to daily protein intake, especially in regular consumption, the fat content (6.43%) contributes energy and plays an important role in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and other bioactive compounds that may be contained in JKHS, the carbohydrate content (81.37%) indicates that the main component of JKHS is carbohydrates, which function as the main source of energy for the body that can support physical activity and daily energy needs, and the fiber content (5.45%) is an important component that helps smooth the digestion process, improves intestinal health, and helps prevent digestive disorders such as constipation, and plays a role in maintaining blood sugar levels and supporting weight management. Overall, the proximate composition of JKHS has good nutritional value, with carbohydrates as the dominant energy source, as well as additional protein, fat, and fiber that support overall health. This combination of formulas makes JKHS have great potential as a Jm drink that can provide various health benefits, especially in protecting the body from oxidative stress, inflammation, and other disease risks, including supporting the regeneration of cells, nerves, and other organs of the body that are weak due to climate, work, or old age.
The Effect of Pilocarpine Hydrochloride on The Occurrence of Temporal Lobe Epileptic Seizures in White Mice (Mus musculus L.) BALB/C Strain Audria, Intan Safira; Harkitasari, Saktivi; Diah Witari, Ni Putu; Ningrum, Rima Kusuma; Putra Parwati, Tjok Istri; Sumadewi, Komang Trisna; Wiranatha, I Gede; Pratiwi, Cokorda Agung
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.67-72

Abstract

The objective of this research was to determine the effective dosage of pilocarpine hydrochloride to provoke epileptic seizures in animal models. In this study, a true-experimental method was utilized, employing a post-test only control group design. A total of 32 white mice (Mus musculus Linnaeus UICC 524) BALB/c strains were divided into four different groups for this study. The experimental groups were subjected to varying dosages of pilocarpine hydrochloride: 220 mg/kgBW as group I, 320 mg/kgBW as group II, and 350 mg/kgBW as group III. On the other hand, the control group was administered a saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) at a dosage of 0.16% ml/kgBW. Both pilocarpine hydrochloride and saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) into mice. In group I, none of the mice experienced epileptic seizures, and they all survived. In contrast, in group III, all the mice experienced epileptic seizures, but none of them survived. The Man-Whitney Test showed significant differences in seizure occurrence across doses (p<0.01). The effective dose of pilocarpine hydrochloride for inducing epileptic seizures associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in this study appears to be in the range of 320 mg/kgBW to 350 mg/kgBW.
Phytochemical Profiling, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarindus indica Pulp Extracts: A Comprehensive Evaluation Mohamed, Nidal Eisa Abdalla; Ismail, Ayman A. A.; Eisa, Alaa
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.51-56

Abstract

The study looks at the antioxidant, antibacterial, and phytochemical characteristics of pulp extracts from Tamarindus indica. Several solvent fractions were obtained from the extraction process, such as hexane, butanol, ethyl acetate, crude, and aqueous, all of which indicated the existence of primary and secondary metabolites. High amounts of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids were found by phytochemical screening, especially in the butanol and ethyl acetate fractions. With an inhibition zone of 17 mm against Bacillus subtilis, the ethyl acetate extract had the most excellent antibacterial activity in antimicrobial tests conducted using the cup-plate agar diffusion method. With a radical scavenging activity of 11 ± 0.1%, the crude extract's antioxidant activity was found to be modest, in contrast to the positive control's 87% activity, propyl gallate (PG). These findings show that T. indica extracts have a promising antibacterial potential, despite their still-low antioxidant efficiency. According to the research, T. indica may be a valuable source of bioactive substances for medical and pharmacological uses, especially in the treatment of infections.
Protein Hydrolysates from Cucumeropsis mannii Seed Inhibit Alpha-amylase In-vitro: Potential for Managing Postprandial Hyperglycemia Babatunde, Oladimeji Taiwo; Bewaji, Clement Olatunbosun; Igunnu, Adedoyin
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.57-66

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a significant global cause of mortality. A hallmark of diabetes pathophysiology is postprandial hyperglycaemia (PPH). PPH is defined as a sudden and exponential increase in blood glucose levels after meals, typically above 140 mg/dL, which does not return to pre-meal levels after two to three hours, leading to glucose toxicity, oxidative stress, cardiovascular risks, and diabetes complications. A management option for PPH is the inhibition of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, such as alpha-amylase. However, current inhibitors are associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, the search for novel inhibitors is a rational research endeavor. Recent studies highlight plant-derived protein hydrolysates as inhibitors of alpha-amylase. In this study, proteins from Cucumeropsis mannii (C. mannii) were isolated using alkaline solubilization-acid precipitation method and enzymatically cleaved using pepsin and pancreatin to yield C. mannii seed protein hydrolysates. The ?-amylase inhibitory property of the hydrolysates was investigated, using starch as the substrate. The IC50 values for ?-amylase inhibition were 8.77 ± 0.35 mg/mL (pancreatin-derived) and 14.80 ± 0.50 mg/mL (pepsin-derived). Kinetic studies indicated uncompetitive inhibition for pancreatin-derived hydrolysate and mixed uncompetitive for pepsin-derived hydrolysate at 9 mg/mL. These results suggest that C. mannii seed protein hydrolysates may aid in postprandial hyperglycemia management through ?-amylase inhibition.

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