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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 986 Documents
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Prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Associated with the Aedes aegypti Larvae Presence based on the Type of Water Source Hidayah, Nurul; Iskandar, Iskandar; Abidin, Zainal
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.02.05

Abstract

Aedes aegypti is the vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) disease. Containers are breeding places for DHF vector and the most commonly found larvae in the bath water containers. The presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in a container could be affected by the type of water source besides the container’s color, material, location, lid existence and the container’s drain frequency. This study was conducted to determine the associate of water source type with larvae presence and the additional factors. This study used observational analytic with case control design. The case group consisted of households using well water and the control group consisted of households using tap water with a sample size of 130 households for each group. The sample was collected by proportional random sampling in five villages. The data was analyzed using a regression logistic test. The significant variables associated with the presence of larvae were the water source type (OR=1.923), container’s color (OR=2.345), container’s location (OR=2.241), container’s lid existence (OR=2.122) and the container’s drain frequency (OR=2.260). This study did not consider the significant association of the container’s material. The dominant variable associated with the presence of larvae was the container’s drain frequency which was controlled by the water source type, container’s color and container’s location.
Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection of Rice Grain Quality on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Lines Tolerant to Fe Toxicity Stress Utami, Silvia; Widyastuti, Utut; Utami, Dwinita Wikan; Rosdianti, Ida; Lestari, Puji
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 7, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.03.13

Abstract

The elite rice has been produced, including iron (Fe) tolerant varieties. To get the appropriate rice lines which superior not only Fe tolerant but also have good grain quality needs to be developed selection system, especially in the use of molecular markers. This study was aimed to develop molecular markers for selection the rice grain quality characters of selected rice lines Fe tolerant. A total of 30 selected Fe tolerant rice lines and 5 parents as control lines were used in this research. Characterization of grain quality were quantitatively using the standard. While for genotyping analysis used 19 molecular markers of STS, SSR, Indel and SNP. This study showed that 14 of 19 markers result polymorphic DNA band (DNA markers). Association analysis of genotype and phenotype showed that 10 of 14 markers were significantly (p < 0.05) related to high quality of rice grain. Among four types of markers used in this study, STS was the most widely associated significantly with four characters of rice quality. The phenotyping analysis showed that the physical grain and palatability quality which obtained from the total mean of 30 rice lines tested tend to nearly with the parent’s value as controls lines. The most of these lines were included in the group IV of National Rice Grain Quality Standard (SNI). The amylose content (AC) showed that the texture was varied from firm and dry (high AC) to soft and sticky (low AC). The association results showed that there were significant (p ≤ 0.05) markers related with the biosynthesis starch genes, i.e: SBE1, SS1, SSIIa, GPA, PUL and S3cl which contributed on the character of rice palatability. These selected significant markers could be useful for screening of other population with Fe tolerant and/ or other desired morpho-agronomical traits in support of rice breeding program in Indonesia.
Partial Characterization of Salmonella gallinarum Clinical Isolate and Expression of Its Antigenic Outer Membrane Protein C (ompC) Gene in planta Pang, Ee Leen; Loh, Hwei-San
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 5, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.05.02.02

Abstract

Instigating approximately 100% of mortality and morbidity rates, fowl typhoids epidemiology and disease intervention have been extensively studied since 1950s. Even up-to-date, outbreaks are incessantly haunting poultry industries of major continents. Salmonella gallinarum, the etiologic agent of fowl typhoid, was used to develop a series of vaccination regime. However, treatments are gradually losing effectiveness due to residual virulence from mutated strains and rapid evolution of multi-drug resistance isolates. Hence, in planta subunit vaccine production is proposed to surpass current limitations. The homotrimeric osmoporin (Outer Membrane Protein C) is a potent candidate antigen that confers momentous stimulation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in broilers. This research signified the potential development of plant-expressed ompC immunogen, with the scope embarked on identification of S. gallinarum clinical isolate; construction of expression cassette; generation of recombinant vector and delivery of constructs into Nicotiana benthamiana for transient expression via agroinfiltration. The ompC transcripts and proteins were detected successfully at the molecular weights of 1.002 kbp and ~35 kDa, respectively. These preliminary findings pave the feasibility of biomanufacturing a safe and cost-effective fowl typhoid vaccine that would confer multi-protection against other significant Salmonella infections attributed to high sequence homology of ompC gene. Speed improvement is demonstrated and transient expression appears to outperform conventional platforms in expediting vaccine production for an emerging pandemic strain.
Antidiabetic Activity of Cocor Bebek Leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata Lam.Pers.) Ethanolic Extract from Various Areas Dewiyanti, Indah Dwiatmi; Filailla, Euis; Megawati, Megawati; Yuliani, Tri
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 2, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

Antidiabetic activity of Cocor Bebek leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata Lam.Pers.) ethanolic extract from Bogor city, Kabupaten Bogor and south of Tangerang city has been studied. The study was conducted in vitro using glucosidase inhibitor method. The results of the study showed that IC50 of the extract from Bogor city, Kabupaten Bogor, and Tangerang Selatan city is 40.94 ppm, 33.58 ppm and 16.12 ppm respectively. Meanwhile, IC50 of quersetin which has antidiabetic activity is 10.22 ppm. The results showed that Cocor Bebek leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata Lam.Pers.) ethanolic extract had antidiabetic activity with IC50 less than 100 ppm. However, the activity is lesser than quercetin.Keywords:Kalanchoe pinnata Lam.Pers, antidiabetic activity, glucosidase inhibitor
Bioactivity of Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus Linnaeus) Essential Oils against Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Melani, Dewi; Himawan, Toto; Afandhi, Aminudin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 6, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.02.04

Abstract

The study aims to determine the chemical compounds, toxicity, and antifeedant activity of sweet flag (Acorus calamus) essential oils against third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. The study was conducted using a com-pletely randomized design (CRD) using various concentration of the essential oils (103, 2 × 103, 3 × 103, 4 × 103, 5 × 103 ppm). Mortality and antifeedant activity was observed 24 hours after treatment.  Toxicity and anti-feedant activity values were 92.5% and 79.3%, respectively, with an LC50 value 586.96 ppm. Gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry analysis showed that essential oil of A. calamus consists of five chemical compounds: methyl isoeugenol, 3.9-decadien-ol-1,3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl), 4-pentyl-1-(4propylcyclohexyl)1cyclohexene, γ-asarone and β asarone. Keywords:  Acorus calamus, essential oils, mortality,  antifeedant,  Spodoptera lituraThe study aims to determine the chemical compounds, toxicity, and antifeedant activity of sweet flag (Acorus calamus) essential oils against third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) using various concentration of the essential oils (103, 2 × 103, 3 × 103, 4 × 103, 5 × 103 ppm). Mortality and antifeedant activity was observed 24 hours after treatment.  Toxicity and antifeedant activity values were 92.5% and 79.3%, respectively, with an LC50 value 586.96 ppm. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that essential oil of A. calamus consists of five chemical compounds: methyl isoeugenol, 3.9-decadien-ol-1,3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl), 4-pentyl-1-(4propylcyclohexyl)1cyclohexene, γ-asarone and β asarone.
Degradation of Riparian Tree Diversity on Spring Fed Drains and Its Impacts to Water Quality, East Java Semiun, Chatarina Gradict; Arisoesilaningsih, Endang; Retnaningdyah, Catur
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 3, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

This research aimed to determine the impact of degradation riparian tree diversity on water quality along some spring to its drains in East Java. This descriptive research conducted in selected springs and itsdrains in Jember, Kediri, Pasuruan, and Malang on April 2012 to January 2013. We used a spring water of Meru Betiri National Park as a reference site. Quality of riparian trees diversity and water were sampled with three replication.Data were tabulated by statistical analyzed using cluster and Spearman correlation. The result showed that species richness ofriparian tree in spring water and its drains has found were 69 species belonging to 28 families. Moraceae was key family of natural riparian tree and almost all the spring and its drains (92.75 %) were grown by native trees except in Kediri. All observed spring were degrading comparing to the natural one in Meru Betiri National Park where trees grown in strata A to E, and shown a highest diversity index (H=3.2). All water spring were observed in high quality but water in its downstream become turbid depend on the quality of treesriparian diversity grown around spring waters. Quality of riparian diversity was strongly influenced by land use and human activities such as illegal logging, intensive agriculture, and settlement. There was a positive correlation between riparian tree diversity, water transparency and color, but it had a negative correlation with pH value of water.Low pH, high water transparency and colorless water were found in stations where we found high tree species richness, diversity index, riparian width and stratified of tree.Keywords: Diversity quality, riparian tree, spring water , water quality.
Effect of Tetrodotoxin from Crude Puffer Fish (Tetraodon fluviatilis) Liver Extract on Intracellular Calcium Level and Apoptosis of HeLa Cell Culture Untario, Natanael; Dewi, Titik Cinthia; Widodo, M. Aris; Rahaju, Pudji
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.01.04

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and fourth leading cause of women death with 8% of total death caused by cancer in women in 2008. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin found in inner organs puffer fish, with the specific mechanism of sodium channel blocking, and widely used for research purposes. Previous reports claimed that TTX has the capability of inhibiting the metastatic process of cancer and apoptotic effect. Studies also show that apoptosis is a process involving the increase of intracellular calcium level, yet the connection between TTX and increase of intracellular calcium level, therefore triggering apoptosis, has not been established. This is an experimental study with post test only control group design, carried out by exposing HeLa cell culture to a crude liver extract of a puffer fish species, Tetraodon fluviatilis. Crude puffer fish liver extract is administered into HeLa cell culture well in different concentrations 10-4, 10-2, and 10-1. Intracellular calcium level and apoptosis were then measured after 18 hours of incubation. Measurements of intracellular calcium level were done by using CLSM with Fura-2AM staining, and apoptosis by using flowcytometry with Annexin V/PI.  The result shows that there is a significant difference between samples both in intracellular calcium (p < 0.05) and apoptosis (p < 0,05). Both intracellular calcium and apoptosis levels are proportional to liver fish extract concentration. Pearson’s correlation test shows correlation between treatment and intracellular calcium levels (p = 0.000), between treatment and apoptosis (p = 0.002), but not between intracellular calcium and apoptosis (p = 0.05). These results suggest that TTX induces an increase in intracellular calcium level and apoptosis, but calcium pathway is not the sole cause of the apoptosis. 
Morphological And Biochemical Responses Of Saccharum Spontaneum L. Accessions To Drought Stress Munawarti, Aminatun; Taryono, Taryono; Semiarti, Endang; Sismindari, Sismindari
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 4, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

Glagah (Saccharum spontaneum L.) has potential value as a crop species and may also be used in sugarcane breeding programs; however, this germplasm has not been extensively used in breeding programs, primarily in relation to improve drought tolerance. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of drought stress initiated at vegetative growth stage on growth, leaf proline content and protein pattern of seven glagah accessions (BOT-53, BOT-54, BOT-60, BOT-77, BOT-78, BOT-84, and BOT-88). The plants were propagated from single node stalk segments in polybag in the field under non-stress condition for two months. The two month-old plants were then subjected to drought stress by withholding watering for eight weeks. Untreated control plants were watered every two days. Results indicated that drought stress reduced plant height, stalk diameter and green leaf number. On the other hand, there was a little difference between drought-stressed and control plants in terms of proline content. The protein pattern showed that drought stress caused a change in gene expression in the form of induction or repression of protein expression. A specific protein with a low range of molecular weight (Rf value about 0.647) showed constitutively expressed in accession BOT-53 but drought-inducible expressed in BOT-54. Keywords: Drought stress, glagah, proline, protein pattern, Saccharum spontaneum
Nuclear Abnormalities in Erythrocytes of Frogs from Wetlands and Croplands of Western Ghats Indicate Environmental Contaminations Raghunath, Shreyas; Veerabhadrappa, Chethankumar Masaruru; Krishnamurthy, Sannanegunda Venkatarama Bhatta
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 7, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.03.04

Abstract

Anuran amphibians are the biological models to assess the influence of environmental contamination. We conducted nuclear abnormality assessment and micronuclei test in erythrocytes of frogs to identify an early influence of environmental contaminations. In Western Ghats of India, farmers use different agrochemicals and obviously, the amphibian habitat is contaminated with combinations of many residues. Many frog species use these agro-ecosystem for breeding and to complete early life stage. In the present study, we used Indian skipper frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Anura: Ranidae)), a common inhabitant of water bodies in agro-ecosystems of Western Ghats for the assay. We collected the adult frogs from three different habitats; a) the rice paddy fields contaminated with agro-chemicals, b) uncontaminated marsh and c) a shallow water pool. We recorded micronucleus, blebbed, lobed, kidney bean shaped nucleus and nucleus with notches in erythro-cytes of these frogs. These nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes are quantified.  The incidences of occurrence of micronucleus ranged from 0 to 8 in 1000 analyzed cells.  More than 80% of the frogs living in agro-chemical contaminated site showed these abnormalities. The appearance of nuclear abnormalities indicates that the frogs are affected by agro-chemicals.
Endoglin Expression and the Level of Tgf-Î’ Are Increased In the Placental Tissue and Correlated with Low Fetal Weight in Malaria Infected Mice sasmito, sujarot dwi; Ulfiati, Adilah; Wardana, Ardhian; Nugraheni, Fitriana; Pradiptasari, Nur Fahma; Zulaifa, Zakiyah; Norahmawati, Eviana; Sardjono, Teguh Wahju; Fitri, Loeki Enggar
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 5, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.5.1.%x

Abstract

Malaria infection during pregnancy can cause accumulation of infected-red blood cells in placental intervillous space and induces placental tissue inflammation and hypoxia. This condition triggers endoglin expression, and release of soluble endoglin which can interfere TGF-β binding to its receptor. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between placental endoglin expression and TGF-β level with low fetal weight (LFW) in malaria-infected mice. Nine pregnant mice infected with Plasmodium berghei on the day 9th post mating (malaria infected group) and eight normal pregnant mice (non-infected group) were used in this study. The mice were sacrificed on the day 18th post mating, and all fetal body weights were measured by analytical scale. Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was done to determine the level of placental TGF-β while immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine endoglin expression in placental tissue. The mean of fetal body weights of malaria infected group was significantly lower than non-infected group (p=0,002), while the expression of placental endoglin in malaria infected group was significantly higher than non-infected group (p=0.003). The level of placental TGF-β in malaria infected group was also higher than non-infected group but the difference was not significant (p=0.064). Pearson correlation test showed that there were significant negative correlations between fetal body weights with the level of placental TGF-β (p=0.017, r=-0.568) and the expression of placental endoglin (p=0.002, r=-0.694). Malaria infection in pregnant mice will increase both TGF- β and endoglin in placenta tissue and correlate with low fetal weight.   

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