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All Journal Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Jurnal Ilmu Kimia Universitas Brawijaya Research Journal of Life Science AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Jurnal Masyarakat Merdeka (JMM) Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Sains dan Matematika Jurnal HPT (Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan)
Toto Himawan
Departemen Hama Dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Other

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KAJIAN SECARA IN SILICO TERHADAP POTENSI EUGENOL DAN SITRONELAL SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN SERANGGA HELOPELTIS ANTONII Histo, Dani Muara; Utomo, Edi Priyo; Himawan, Toto
Jurnal Ilmu Kimia Universitas Brawijaya Vol 2, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

Potensi eugenol dan sitronelal sebagai pestisida nabati dikaji melalui pemodelan secara in silico. Interaksi antara ligan eugenol dan sitronelal sebagai bioaktif dengan mitrokondria Helopeltis antonii sebagai reseptor, dikaji   dengan   menggunakan   perangkat   lunak   Autodock   Tools dan Autodock Vina. Hasil kajian in silico menunjukkan bahwa dengan metode multiple docking menggunakan Autodock Tools diperoleh nilai inhibisi (ki) campuran eugenol – sitronelal sebesar 4,20 mM dan nilai energi ikat bebas (∆G) sebesar -3,24 kkal/mol. Sedangkan hasil validasi menggunakan Autodock Vina menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara eugenol – sitronelal memiliki nilai afinitas energi ikat bebas (∆Gaff) sebesar -4,8 kkal/mol dan nilai inhibisi (ki) sebesar 3,300 mM.Kata kunci: eugenol, sitronelal, cytochrome c oxidase, docking
FIRST RECORD OF AMBROSIA BEETLE (Euplatypus paralellus Fabricius) INFESTATION ON SONOKEMBANG (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) FROM MALANG INDONESIA Tarno, Hagus; Suprapto, Hasan; Himawan, Toto
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 36, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v36i2.402

Abstract

Sonokembang (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) is native of Asia trees, and commonly planted in large numbers as shade trees along roads in Malang. Research was conducted on 76 roads to identify damage intensity of dying trees on sonokembang and clarify the causal agent of dying trees in Malang from May to December 2012. Seven variables was also investigated such as characteristic of tree`s damage, distribution of holes based on sunlight exposure, vertical position of stem, and stem diameter, morphological characteristic of beetle, the intensity of dying trees, and distribution of dying trees. Results showed that there were unique damaging characteristic such as dying and then fallen leaves, holes on the stem and branches, and frass production. Euplatypus parallelus Fabricius was identified as a causal agent of dying sonokembang. There were some indications shown such as beetles preferred to attack stem side with much sunlight exposure, upper stem and medium or bigger size of stem diameter. From 3,206 trees on 76 roads, 69.7% were found dying trees. In dry and rainy season, the intensity of dying trees increased from 8.14 to 9.76% and from 10.26 to 10.79%, respectively. Keywords: Euplatypus paralellus, frass, dying trees, number of holes, sonokembang
NEW RECORD OF THE AMBROSIA BEETLE, Treptoplatypus micrurus Schedl. ATTACK ON SONOKEMBANG (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) IN BATU, INDONESIA Tarno, Hagus; Suprapto, Hasan; Himawan, Toto
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 37, No 3 (2015): OCTOBER
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v37i3.584

Abstract

Sonokembang (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) is commonly planted as an ornamental tree in Batu city, East Java. In 2012 and 2013, there were some dying trees of sonokembang along the road of Batu city, and there were some indications that the signs and symptoms might be related to the ambrosia beetle samples from Batu. To clarify the precise condition, identification of beetle samples was needed in this research. Based on survey and  sample collections conducted in Batu from the early July 2013 to the end of March 2014, characteristic of damage on trees was observed together with the presence of beetle collected. Identification was based on morphological characters such as posterior elytral declivities and body size of male, and mycangia on female`s pronotum. Based on the morphological characters, there were some special characters which described such as 1) the body size of female adult was bigger than male adult, 2) elytral declivities on male adult was unique, and 3) there was mycangia on pronotum of female adults. Morphological char-acters showed that the ambrosia beetle attacked on sonokembang belonged to Treptoplatypus mi-crurus Schedl. This ambrosia beetle species seems to be the responsible agent that caused dying trees of sonokembang.   
EFFECT OF NATURAL HABITAT ON DIVERSITY OF HEMIPTERAN PREDATOR IN OIL PALM PLANTATION Rizali, Akhmad; Himawan, Toto; Fitriani, Ima; Rahardjo, Bambang Tri; Karindah, Sri; Puspitarini, Retno Dyah; Sahari, Bandung
JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Vol 18, No 1 (2018): MARCH, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (490.923 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/j.hptt.11875-82

Abstract

Effect of Natural Habitat on Diversity of Hemipteran Predator in Oil Palm Plantation. Utillization of natural enemies in controlling oil palm pests still encounters obstacles, in particular, how natural enemies can survive and establish in oil palm plantations. The existence of natural habitats around oil palm plantations can allegedly support the occurence of natural enemies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the presence of natural habitats on diversity of hemipteran predators in oil palm plantations. Field research was conducted in oil palm plantations located in Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan. The plots were oil palm plantations with different distances from natural habitat i.e. near (less than 200 m), medium (about 2 km) and far (about 5 km). Each plot was selected six trees for fogging using insecticide with active ingredient lamda cyhalothrin. Based on research result, diversity of hemipteran predator in oil palm plantion was found 19 species belong to 2 families. The most dominant hemipteran predator was Sycanus sp., Eocanthecona sp. and Reduviidae sp5. The distance of oil palm plantation from natural habitat did not affect species richness, abundance and composition as well as recolonization of hemipteran predator in oil palm plantation. Abundance of hemipteran predator tend to decrease in different observation time, except Sycanus sp. Sycanus sp was likely has ability to rapidly recolonized and their occurrence were influenced by flowering vegetation in oil palm plantation.
POTENSI EKSTRAK PIPER METHYSTICUM (PIPERACEAE) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA BOTANI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN HAMA PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA Lestari, Martina S; Himawan, Toto; Retnowati, Rurini
Sains & Matematika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
Publisher : Sains & Matematika

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Abstract

Dampak negatif yang disebabkan oleh insektisida sintetik, menjadikan insektisida botani sebagai alternatif dalam pengendalian hama tanaman. Piper methysticum merupakan tanaman obat yang berasal dari Papua yang mempunyai potensi sebagai insektisida botani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas ekstrak n-hexane dan etil asetat P. methysticum sebagai insektisida, hambatan makan atau antifeedant dan penghambatan berat larva P. xylostella. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan beberapa perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak n-hexane dan etil asetat P. methysticum, yaitu konsentrasi 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, dan 4000 ppm. Pengujian menggunakan metode celup pakan, setiap perlakuan menggunakan 20 larva dan diulang empat kali. Data yang diperoleh adalah mortalitas larva, jumlah pakan yang dimakan dan pertambahan berat larva P. xylostella dari intar II sampai menjadi pupa. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians dengan uji lanjut jarak berganda Duncan. Nilai LC50 ditentukan dengan analisis probit menggunakan program POLO PC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun P. methysticum mempunyai sifat insektisida, antifeedant dan penghambat berat larva P. xylostella. Ekstrak n-hexane daun P. methysticum memperlihatkan aktivitas insektisida yang paling kuat dengan tingkat mortalitas 63,33% dengan LC50 4,047 ppm, konsentrasi 0,015-0,38% menyebabkan hambatan makan 11,69- 85,54% dan hambatan berat larva 34,75-81,88%. The negative impact caused by synthetic insecticides, encorages the use of botanical insecticides as an alternative in the control of plant pests. Piper methysticum is a native medicinal plant of Papua which has potential as a botanical insecticide. This study aimed to extract the activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate P. methysticum as insecticides, barriers eat or antifeedant and severe inhibition of P. xylostella larvae. Research was carried out using completely randomized design with multiple treatment concentration of n-hexane extract and ethyl acetate P. methysticum is a concentration of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500 and 4000 ppm. Tests using food dye method, each using 20 larvae and the treatment was repeated four times. The data obtained was mortality of larvae, the amount of eaten feed and the gained weight of instar II larvae of P. xylostella to become pupae. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with multiple range test Duncant further. LC50 values determined by probit your analysis using the program POLO PC. The results showed that the leaf extract of P. methysticum have insecticidal properties, antifeedant and inhibitors of P. xylostella larval weight. N-hexane extract of leaves of P. methysticum showed that the most potent insecticidal activity with a mortality rate of 63.33% with LC50 4,047 ppm, the concentration of 0.015 to 0.38% lead barriers and obstacles to eat from 11.69 to 85.54% weight of larvae 34, 75 to 81.88%.
The Effectiveness o f Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana with the Addition of Insect Growth Regulator Lufenuron f or Controlling Bactrocera carambolae Hadi, Mochammad Syamsul; Himawan, Toto; Aini, Luqman Qurata
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 3, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

The study of the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuill. with the addition of an insect growth regulator (IGR) lufenuron to control the fruit fly Bactrocera carambolae (Drew and Hancock) (Diptera: Tephritidae) was conducted at the Laboratory of Toxicology and Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya Malang from March 2012 until December 2012. This study examined the effect of lufe-nuron to the development and sporulation of B. bassiana and the effectiveness of the fungus B. bassiana in combination with several concentrations of lufenuron (0.5, 1, 1.5 mL/L) on the mortality of fruit fly larvaB. carambolae. The results showed that the addition of lufenuron at the concentration of 1 mL/L could significantly increase the sporulation of B. bassiana. The addition of B. bassiana at 108 spores/mL combined with lufenuron at the concentration of 1 mL/L applied to compost pupation medium of larva of B. carambolae is significantly able to suppress the formation of the fruit fly pupa and imago of B. carambolae
Bioactivity of Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus Linnaeus) Essential Oils against Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Melani, Dewi; Himawan, Toto; Afandhi, Aminudin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 6, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.02.04

Abstract

The study aims to determine the chemical compounds, toxicity, and antifeedant activity of sweet flag (Acorus calamus) essential oils against third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. The study was conducted using a com-pletely randomized design (CRD) using various concentration of the essential oils (103, 2 × 103, 3 × 103, 4 × 103, 5 × 103 ppm). Mortality and antifeedant activity was observed 24 hours after treatment.  Toxicity and anti-feedant activity values were 92.5% and 79.3%, respectively, with an LC50 value 586.96 ppm. Gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry analysis showed that essential oil of A. calamus consists of five chemical compounds: methyl isoeugenol, 3.9-decadien-ol-1,3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl), 4-pentyl-1-(4propylcyclohexyl)1cyclohexene, γ-asarone and β asarone. Keywords:  Acorus calamus, essential oils, mortality,  antifeedant,  Spodoptera lituraThe study aims to determine the chemical compounds, toxicity, and antifeedant activity of sweet flag (Acorus calamus) essential oils against third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) using various concentration of the essential oils (103, 2 × 103, 3 × 103, 4 × 103, 5 × 103 ppm). Mortality and antifeedant activity was observed 24 hours after treatment.  Toxicity and antifeedant activity values were 92.5% and 79.3%, respectively, with an LC50 value 586.96 ppm. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that essential oil of A. calamus consists of five chemical compounds: methyl isoeugenol, 3.9-decadien-ol-1,3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl), 4-pentyl-1-(4propylcyclohexyl)1cyclohexene, γ-asarone and β asarone.
Effects of Compost on Nematode Pratylenchus sp. (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) Population in Patchouli Subarjah, Cecep; Himawan, Toto; Puspitarini, Retno Dyah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 6, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.02.07

Abstract

Patchouli is seen as one of the most important export commodities in Indonesia. The presence of parasitic nematode Pratylenchus sp. creates a barrier to plant cultivation. Increasing organic content in soil by applying compost in the plantation is one of approaches in controlling the nematode. This research was mainly aimed to study the effects of compost fertilization on the population growth of nematode Pratylenchus sp. and yields on patchouli. These research used a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) consisting of 12 treatments with three replicates. Selected plant was inoculated with nematodes with the following initial population: 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 nematodes in soil with and without compost. The plant with no inoculation was used as control. The result of the research confirmed that the addition of compost was capable of suppressing the population of nematode Pratylenchus sp. as much as 58.93 - 67.31% and 40.74 - 59.19% in root and in soil of each treatment, respectively. Compost applied in each treatment positively affected the increasing amount of Patchouli oil yielded, and it could also reduce the loss as much as 18.34 - 43.36%. Trichoderma sp. was found to be dominant in compost in the treatment with its population of 2.1 × 104 propogul/g.
Bioactivity of Citrus hystrix D.C. Leaf Extract Against Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma serricorne (F.) Ikawati, Silvi; Dhuha, Moh. Syamsu; Himawan, Toto
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 7, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.03.01

Abstract

The major control of pest stored Lasioderma serricorne for using synthetic pesticides, look like phosphine. Although quite effective, synthetic pesticides have a negative effect on the environment, such as pest re-sistance, deadly natural enemies, residues that are harmful to the environment and human health. The use of botanical pesticides as an alternative control be the focus this study. Botanical pesticides are selective to the target, safe for non-target insects and the environment. This research studies the repellent and fumigant activi-ty of the leaf extract of Citrus hystrix against all L. serricorne life stage. The results of GC-MS analysis of leaf crude extracts of C. hystrix with N-hexane solvent showed the highest percentage in the citronellal compound (86.43%). C. hystrix leaf extract showed stronger fumigant against pupae and eggs, compared adults, and larvae. The toxicity of the leaf extract of C. hystrix increased with increasing concentration. At a concentration of 60 ppm, fumigant activity showed the toxicity of 98.75% (pupae), 93.75% (eggs), 86.25% (adults) and 76.25% (larvae). Sequentially the LC50 value of fumigant activity from the highest to the lowest as follows; larvae 47.56 ppm, adults 43.42 ppm, eggs 31.61 and pupae 29.63 ppm. Extract of leaves of C. hystrix, have character repellent against L. serricorne. At a concentration of 60 ppm the IR value of 66% including repellent class IV, which means strong repellent level. Based on the results of the research, extracts of leaves of C. hystrix has a fumigant activity and repellent for controlling L. serricorne.
Pengaruh PGPR terhadap Penekanan Populasi Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood) pada Tanaman Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Kristiana Sri Wijayanti; Bambang Tri Rahardjo; Toto Himawan
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 8, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v8n1.2016.30-39

Abstract

Tanaman kenaf yang terinfeksi nematoda Meloidogyne incognita  dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman dan produksi serat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) dalam menekan populasi nematoda M. incognita pada tanaman kenaf di rumah kaca. Penelitian dirancang dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor, faktor pertama adalah cara aplikasi PGPR yang terdiri atas 2 cara yaitu suspensi PGPR diberikan sebelum tanam dengan merendam benih selama 5 jam (C1), benih ditanam langsung dalam pot tanpa direndam dalam PGPR (C2), dan suspensi PGPR diberikan pada 15 hari setelah tanam (HST) dan 25 HST. Faktor kedua adalah jenis PGPR yang digunakan yaitu Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter sp., P. fluorescens + B. subtilis, P. fluorescens + Azotobacter sp., B. subtilis + Azotobacter sp., dan P. fluorescens + B. subtilis + Azotobacter sp., serta kontrol (tanpa PGPR).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman benih dengan kombinasi tiga bakteri memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap populasi juvenil nematoda dalam tanah, sedangkan perlakuan tanpa perendaman tidak memberikan pengaruh. Populasi juvenil nematoda di dalam akar yang diberi PGPR baik tunggal maupun kombinasi melalui perendaman benih atau tanpa perendaman benih tidak berpengaruh, kecuali pada kombinasi P. fluorescens dan B. subtilis yang diberikan melalui perendaman benih mampu menekan populasi juvenil nematoda di akar 43,28% bila dibandingkan tanpa perendaman benih. Pemberian rizobakteri P. fluorescens  menurunkan jumlah telur nematoda terbanyak (86,39%) dan menekan intensitas penyakit sebesar 71,95% bila dibandingkan kontrol.Infection of Meloidogyne incognita on kenaf could affect its growth and the production of fiber. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PGPR on the reduction of nematode M. incognita population on kenaf in the greenhouse. The factorial experiment was laid on randomized block design. The study consisted of two factors with three replicates . The first factor was method of PGPR application, ie: PGPR suspension was given before planting (kenaf seeds was soaked for 5 hours) (C1) and the seeds directly planted without submerged (C2), PGPR suspension was given at 15 days after planting (DAP) and 25 dap. The second factor was type of bacteria (Pseudomonas  fluorescens,  Bacillus  subtilis,  Azotobacter  sp.,  P.  fluorescens + B. subtilis, P. fluorescens + Azotobacter  sp., B. subtilis + Azotobacter  sp.,  and  P.  fluorescens  +  B. subtilis   + Azotobacter  sp.) and control. The results showed that submerged seed with the three bacterial rhizobacteria significant compared to the control treatment and single treatment and two combination rhizobacteria, while without submerged seed with single or combination rhizobacteria not significant on the population of juvenile nematodes in the soil. Combination of P. fluorescens and B. subtiliswith submerged seed capable of suppressing the population of  juvenile  nematodes  in the  roots  of 43.28%  when  compared with or without submerged seed.   Population  of  juvenile  nematodes  in the  roots by submerged seed and without submerged seed either single or combination rhizobacteria do not affect each other. P. fluorescens suppress nematode eggs are highest 86.39% and disease intensity by 71,95% where compared to control.
Co-Authors Achmad Nasroh Kuswadi Adne Yudansha Adne Yudansha Agus Suryanto Aji Santoso Akhmad Rizali Alorisa Tirta Ardiyati Aminuddin Affandi Aminudin Afandhi Andy Andy Arif Budi Prasetya Asep Ruhiyat Suherlan Avi Damayanthi Avi Damayanthi Bambang Tri Rahardjo Bambang Tri Raharjo BANDUNG SAHARI Choirul Mahdianto Damaiyanti, D.R.R. Dani Muara Histo Dewi Fajarwati Dewi Fajarwati Dhuha, Moh. Syamsu Edi Priyo Utomo Eko Wahyu Budi Darmawan Eko Wahyu Budi Darmawan Emha Dwi Rifqi Rafid Fadhila Herdatiarni Fery Abdul Choliq Fitriani, Ima Gatot Mudjiono Gatot Mudjiono Hagus Tarno Hari Sutrisno Hari Sutrisno Hasan Suprapto Hudiwaku, Syarron Irmawati Irmawati Isnainy Dinul Mursyalati Yus Isnainy Dinul Mursyalati Yus Kolopaking, Budiarto Kristiana Sri Wijayanti Lestari, Martina S Lindia Rahayu Widia Santi Ludji Pantja Astuti Ludji Pantja Astuti Ludji Pantja Astuti Ludji Pantja Astuti Ludji Pantja Astuti Luqman Qurata Aini Maria Ulfa Martina S Lestari Ma’arif, Ridwan Ahmad Melani, Dewi Mochammad Syamsul Hadi Muhamad Ari Bachtiar Muhamad Luthfie Tri Meiadi Nadiah, Annisrien Nely Yuliastanti Nindya Resha Pramesti Nindya Resha Pramesti Novi Dian Nathasia Novita Yuniasari Nur Hayati Octavia, Evy P Wijayanto P Wijayanto Primastya Dinarwika Primastya Dinarwika Putra, Heri Julistiyan Bima Retno Dyah Puspitarini Richa Ratih Damayanti Richa Ratih Damayanti Rina Rachmawati Rina Rachmawati Rizcki Nugraha Laksana Roza Anugraha Wiranata Roza Anugraha Wiranata Rurini Retnowati S. Karindah S. Karindah Saputra, Tri Ichsan Septi Mauludiana Silvi Ikawati Silvi Ikawati, Silvi Sitawati Sitawati Sri Heriza Sri Heriza Sri Karindah Sri Karindah Sri Karindah Subarjah, Cecep Sulistiyono Sulistiyono Sutrisno Sutrisno Sutrisno, Sutrisno Syarron Hudiwaku V. S Reychel Yogo Setiawan Yuliastanti, Nely Yuniasari, Novita