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Made Krisna Adi Jaya
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Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 23017694     EISSN : 23017708     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24843/JPSA.2020.v02.i01
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Applications (JPSA) is an online and print out Journal. This Journal publishes original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in pharmaceutical sciences and applications. Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmacognosy Natural Product Research Pharmaceutics Novel Drug Delivery Biopharmaceutics Pharmacokinetics Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmaceutical Analysis Pharmacy Practice Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Community Pharmacy Cell Biology Genomics and Proteomics Pharmacogenomics Bioinformatics and Biotechnology The Journal publishes original research work either as a Full Research Paper or as a Short Communication. Review Articles on a current topic in the said fields are also considered for publication by the Journal. Journal of Pharmaceutical Scince and Application (JPSA), a half yearly publication, serves the need of different scientists and others involved in Pharmaceutical science research and application. All contribution to JPSA are reviewed by peer review process and copy editing process with the understanding that they have not been published previously and are not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 63 Documents
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IN SILICO TOXICITY OF ANTHOCYANIN COMPOUNDS (CYANIDIN AND PEONIDIN) Ni Made Pitri Susanti; I Nyoman Triadhi Wisesa; Chenme Juwianti
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol 5 No 1 (2023): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2023.v05.i01.p07

Abstract

Backgrounds: Cyanidin and peonidin, anthocyanin compounds, have many in silico, in vitro, and in vivo activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic. Toxicity testing is carried out to determine the potential hazard that may be produced by the test compound. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the in silico toxicity of anthocyanins (cyanidin and peonidin) using Toxtree v3.1.0 software. Methods: In silico toxicity testing was carried out using 2D structures of cyanidin and peonidin with Cramer rules, Verhaar scheme, Benigni/Bossa rulebase, Kroes TTC decision tree, Eye Irritation/Corrosion and Skin Irritation/Corrosion parameters. Data analysis on the results of the tested toxicity parameters was carried out descriptively. Results: The results showed that the two compounds have the same category for the toxicity parameters of Cramer Rules (class III), Kroes TTC Decision Tree (substance would not be expected to be safety concern), Benigni/Bossa Rulebase (Negatif for genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogenicity), Eye Irritation/Corrosion and Skin Irritation/Corrosion (not irritating or corrosive). Different results are shown in the parameters of the Verhaar Scheme, where cyanidin is included in class 5 (cannot be classified based on this parameter), while peonidin is included in class 1 (narcosis or basic toxicity). Conclusion: Based on in silico toxicity, cyanidin and peonidin have a chemical structure that has the potential for toxicity, but these compounds are neither potentially genotoxic nor non-genotoxic carcinogenicity, and are not potentially toxic to the skin and eyes. The toxicity mechanism of cyanidin cannot be classified based on the test parameters while peonidin is narcosis or basic toxicity.Keywords: Anthocyanin; Cyanidin; Peonidin; Toxicity; In Silico
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION EFFERVESCENT TABLETS OF GAMBIER LEAF EXTRACT (Uncaria gambier Roxb) Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Agung Windra Wartana; Rismayanti Putri, Putu; Wintariani, Ni Putu; Suryaningsih, Ni Putu Aryati
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol 6 No 1 (2024): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2024.v06.i01.p04

Abstract

Background: Gambier, also known as the term (Uncaria gambier Roxb), is a plant that has long been cultivated in Indonesia. The components of flavonoid compounds in gambier plants have been widely reported as antioxidants. Using the gambier plant will be more accessible and more practical if it is made in dosage form, one of which is in the form of effervescent tablets. Objective: To determine the physical and chemical characteristics of effervescent tablets of gambier leaf extract (Uncaria gambier Roxb). Methods: Descriptive design, which includes phytochemical screening research, extract quality test, physical and chemical characteristics test of effervescent tablets formulation. Results: Positive gambier leaf extracts contain flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The average weight uniformity test of the tablet is 1.57 ± 0.02 grams, the average tablet thickness test of the tablet is 0.5±0 cm while a tablet's average diameter is 1.6±0 cm, the fragility test obtained <1%, the average hardness test of the tablet is 4.34±0.02 kg, the solubility time of the tablet obtaining is 1.6 ±0.4 minutes and tablets pH is 5.5±0.2. Conclusion: It is possible to draw the conclusion that the positive gambier leaf extract includes flavonoid components, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins based on the findings of the data previously gathered. The quality test of gambier leaf extract is already qualified, and the test of the characteristics of the physical and chemical properties produced is suitable based on Pharmacopeia Indonesia Standard. Keywords: Gambier; Extract; Tablet Effervescent
TREATMENT BEHAVIOR OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN TABANAN HEALTH CENTER Sutema, Ida Ayu Manik Partha; Wijayaningrum, I Dewa Ayu Indah; Maharjana, Ida Bagus Nyoman; Ardianta, I Putu Riska
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol 5 No 2 (2023): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2023.v05.i02.p02

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The treatment behavior of tuberculosis patients plays an important role in preventing transmission and recovery of tuberculosis patients, if the treatment behavior of tuberculosis patients is not good it can cause drug resistance, recurrence of tuberculosis disease, even death. Objective: to describe the treatment behavior of tuberculosis patients in the Tabanan Community Health Center area. Methods: This research is a type of quantitative descriptive research conducted in April 2023 at Tabanan Health Center. Measurements were carried out using TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) questionnaires. Results: This study presents that most respondents had attitudes with enough categories , while the fewer categories amounted and the good category amounted. Conclusion: We found that 57% of respondents suffering from tuberculosis at the Tabanan Health Center had adequate behavior. There is a need for education for tuberculosis patients to prevent and overcome tuberculosis transmission and increase knowledge about tuberculosis infectious diseases either with booklets, leaflets, or animated videos. Keywords: Treatment behavior; Tuberculosis patient; Health center
IN SILICO STUDY OF ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY AND TOXICITY OF TRANS-ANETHOLE, FENCHONE, AND ESTRAGOLE Susanti, Ni Made Pitri; Dewi, Luh Putu Mirah Kusuma; Bhadreswara, I Gede Rheza Wisnu
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol 6 No 1 (2024): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2024.v06.i01.p05

Abstract

Background: An unhealthy lifestyle characterized by consuming foods with a high glycemic index can increase blood sugar levels significantly. Diabetes mellitus therapy using antidiabetic drugs in patients aims to help control blood sugar levels. Objective: This study aims to determine the affinity and interaction models of trans-anethole, fenchone, and estragole as test compounds against the target proteins pancreatic ?-amylase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, as well as in silico toxicity prediction of the test compounds. Methods: This study used AutoDock 4.2 as a molecular docking method to evaluate the affinity and interaction models of the test compounds against the target proteins pancreatic ?-amylase (PDB ID: 2QV4) and DPP-4 (PDB ID: 3W2T) as a potential antidiabetic agent. In addition, the toxicity of these compounds was predicted using the Toxtree program with Cramer Rules, Benigni/Bossa, Verhaar Sceme, and Kroes TTC parameters. Results: The results showed that the test compounds had binding energies that showed their affinity to the target protein. The trans-anethole did not show any structural features indicating potential toxicity. Fenchone has the class III category for the Cramer Rules parameters, and estragole has a structural alert for genotoxic carcinogenicity based on the Benigni/Bossa Rulebase parameter. Conclusion: Trans-anethole, fenchone, and estragole have been observed to exhibit antidiabetic potential through their interactions with the pancreatic proteins ?-amylase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, although their effectiveness is not as high as that of the native ligands. Additionally, further toxicity testing is required for the three compounds. Keywords: Trans-anethole, Fenchone, Estragole, Molecular Docking, Antidiabetic
ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION: A REVIEW Nugraha, Iwan Saka; Suastini, Ni Made; Santi, Made Dwike Swari
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol 5 No 2 (2023): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2023.v05.i02.p03

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of a global health problem. One of the comorbidities that often occurs in patients with type 2 DM is hypertension. Hypertension can increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. One of the causes of type 2 DM and hypertension is gut dysbiosis. An imbalance of gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to chronic inflammation and effects on the insulin action, increases insulin resistance, and leads to endothelial dysfunction. The role of this inflammatory mediator is a new therapeutic target in type 2 DM patients with hypertension. Objective: to describe how probiotic effect in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension. Methods: All articles were obtained by conducting an electronic search through Pubmed and Google Scholar. Results: Probiotics help to restore the balance of the gastrointestinal microbiota, produce anti-inflammatory mediators, and suppress the pro-inflammatory mediators to control the glycemic profile and blood pressure of patients with type 2 DM with hypertension. All the clinical trial showed that probiotic help to maintaining clinical outcome in diabetic patients with hypertension. Conclusion: Probiotic effective for glycemic control and blood pressure in type 2 DM with hypertension. Keywords: Diabetes; Hypertension; Gut dysbiosis; Probiotics; Inflammation mediators
TRACING OF SECONDARY METABOLITES AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SAPINDACEAE AS AN EFFORT TO PRESERVE HERBAL PLANTS: A REVIEW Sanan, Antonius Oenunu; Hertiani, Triana; Murti, Yosi Bayu
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol 6 No 1 (2024): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2024.v06.i01.p01

Abstract

Background: Sapindaceae plants in the community are used to treat various diseases. This plant is traced to contain secondary metabolites with various pharmacological activities, including antimicrobials. Objective: This review article aims to provide information about Sapindaceae plants with antimicrobial potential and summarize the content of secondary metabolite compounds. Methods: This review article uses sources from international and national journals obtained by online search and considers two criteria, namely inclusion and exclusion. Then, it was further selected to obtain data in the form of secondary metabolites that can potentially be antimicrobial. Results: Some parts of the Sapindaceae plant contain essential secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. These secondary metabolites have a potential pharmacological activity that has been tested against antimicrobials. Conclusion: Sapindaceae plants contain diverse secondary metabolites and have antimicrobial activity. Further research is needed to explore other Sapindaceae plant species to find compounds and other pharmacological activities to address various diseases in the community. Keywords: Sapindaceae; Secondary metabolite component; Antimicrobial Activity.
LEADS SEARCH FOR ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS DERIVED FROM SECONDARY METABOLITES OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI: A REVIEW Putra, Pramana Kumala; Dewi, I Gusti Ayu Agung Gangga Samala; Putri, Ni Wayan Prasanthi Swarna; Wirajana, I Nengah; Ariantari, Ni Putu
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol 6 No 1 (2024): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2024.v06.i01.p06

Abstract

Background: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are substances that act by increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain to prevent neurotransmitter degradation. AChEIs are the most widely used agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy so far. Objective: This study aims to give insight into AChEIs produced by endophytic fungi through literature reviews, which are promising for further studies on their mode of action. Methods: Data search was conducted through scientific-based websites such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed, which involved scientific publications from January 2000 to December 2022. Results: Fifteen genera, including Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, and Penicillium, were reported to produce twenty-four secondary metabolites with AChEI activity. These compounds were classified based on their chemical skeleton into alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, polyketides, and peptides. Conclusion: Endophytic fungi are promising sources of lead compounds possessing AChE inhibitory activity. Further research on molecular mechanisms of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi with AChEI activity can provide new insight into the development of more potent AChEIs for AD treatment. Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs); Alzheimer’s disease; endophytic fungi; secondary metabolites.
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS LOCATION AND SOLVENT TO SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES Priyasana, I Putu; Nugroho, Agung Endro; Siswanto, Soni; Putri, Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas; Murti, Yosi Bayu
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol 5 No 2 (2023): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2023.v05.i02.p04

Abstract

Background: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) is one of the traditional medicines that contain multiple phytochemical compounds. Phytochemical compounds can be influenced by growing location. Every location has its characteristic that affects the metabolic process of phytochemical compounds. Apart from that, the extraction solvent also plays an essential role in attracting compounds in sambiloto. The solvent is related to the polarity and can affect the phytochemical profile. Objective: This research aims to determine the effect of the growing location and extraction solvent of sambiloto on its phytochemical profile. Methods: Sambiloto from Denpasar (Dps), Sukoharjo (Skj), and Sleman (Slm) was extracted (1:10 w/v) using ultrasonic-assisted extraction in methanol 100% (MeOH100) and methanol 50% (MeOH50). In water solvents, extraction is carried out using the infusion method. Fingerprint analysis using HPTLC-Densitometry. The data obtained was analyzed further using principal component analysis (PCA). Results: Fingerprint analysis obtained peak data that varied in each extraction solvent. There are four major peaks in the chromatogram profile of each solvent. The peak chromatogram for each solvent also shows differences at each location. PCA analysis shows that the phytochemical content of sambiloto extract is divided into three main clusters. The distribution of the clusters is based on variations in the extraction solvent. Variations in growing location for each sambiloto also influence its phytochemical profile. However, these variations are still in the same quadrant for each solvent. Conclusion: The solvent determines more variations in the phytochemical profile of sambiloto extract than the growing location. Keywords: Sambiloto; Solvent; Location; Phytochemical; Principal Component Analysis
PHARMACISTS KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION, AND READINESS FOR TELEPHARMACY IMPLEMENTATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Yatminto, Eko; Yasin, Nanang Munif; Wiedyaningsih, Chairun
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol 6 No 1 (2024): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2024.v06.i01.p02

Abstract

Background: Telepharmacy has emerged as the latest approach for remote pharmaceutical services. However, some factors influence the success of this technology, such as pharmacists knowledge, readiness to adopt, and perspectives. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge, perception, and readiness to use telepharmacy systems among pharmacists. Methods: Articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus (November 2023) were reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in 2022. Inclusion criteria encompassed cross-sectional studies examining knowledge, perception, and readiness to use telepharmacy among pharmacists within the last ten years. The quality of studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results: Eight articles were included in the study, with the largest respondent pool from a study in Vietnam (414) and the smallest from Indonesia (78). All included articles demonstrated good quality with no significant bias. Five studies discussed knowledge levels, with four showing good knowledge (89.74%, 82.67%, 62.3%, 96.83%). Regarding telepharmacy perspectives, two studies had less favorable perspectives. Three studies indicated adequate readiness for telepharmacy implementation (87%, 72%, 63.23%), while one was unprepared (27.74%). Conclusion: Most studies show good knowledge, perception, and readiness to implement telepharmacy. There is a need for telepharmacy training programs in pharmacy schools or hospitals. Keywords: Telepharmacy; Knowledge; Perception; Readiness to Use; Pharmacists
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA AND PHYSALIS ANGULATA EXTRACTS AS ANTIOXIDANTS AGAINST DPPH RADICALS Setiawan, Putu Yudhistira Budhi; Hita, I Putu Gede Adi Purwa; Ardinata, I Putu Riska; Suryaningsih, Ni Putu Aryati
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol 5 No 2 (2023): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2023.v05.i02.p05

Abstract

Background: As a single extract, Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Physalis angulata are known to have antioxidant activity. However, the interaction effect of antioxidants in suppressing DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) radicals that arise in these two combinations of plant extracts is not yet known. In this study, the combination of these two plants was investigated for their antioxidant properties and synergistic effects. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Physalis angulata as antioxidants and the interactions they cause. Methods: The rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and the herb Physalis angulata were extracted separately with ethanol. After evaporation, the crude xtract was tested individually to obtain the IC50 value. Based on the IC50 value of each extract, 9 combination variations were made and the combination index (CI) value was calculated to determine the resulting interaction effect. Result: The antioxidant activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza IC50 extract is 51.015 ppm, higher than Physalis angulata IC50 extract which is 90.488 ppm. The CI value observed in the combination of extracts in all combinations had a CI value <1. Conclusion: This research shows that the combination of Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome extract and Physalis angulata herb has synergistic antioxidant properties. Keywords: Combination; Synergis; Antioxidant; Combination Index

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