Kreckhoff, Reni L.
Staf Pengajar Pada Program Studi Budidaya Perairan FPIK UNSRAT

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Ekstrak daun kedondong laut (Polyscias fruticosa) sebagai modulator imun benih ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Dahlia Malau; Reiny A. Tumbol; Sammy N. J. Longdong; Reni L. Kreckhoff; Winda M. Mingkid; Edwin L. A. Ngangi
e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): April - Desember
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/bdp.v11i2.47718

Abstract

Disease control using medicinal plants is an alternative to antibiotics and chemicals in aquaculture. One type of plant with the potential for health management is Polyscias fruticosa or sea kedondong which contains flavonoids, saponins, methanol, and tannins that are efficacious as antihistamines, antioxidants, antivirals, antibacterials, anti-inflammatories, and anti-cancer. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of kedondong laut leaf extract on increasing the phagocytic activity of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and to determine the appropriate concentration of kedondong laut leaf extract to increase the phagocytic activity of tilapia (O. niloticus) seeds. The leaves of kedondong laut are cleaned, washed, and dried for 14 days at room temperature and then ground using a blender to obtain an extract of coarse flour. The flour was extracted using the maceration method with 70% alcohol solvent with a ratio of coarse flour and the solvent 1:5. After 24 hours of soaking, the extract was filtered using Whatman paper No. 42, and the dregs were soaked again with the same volume of solvent for the same soaking time and filtered again. This process is done 3 times until the extract looks clear. The extract was then concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain a concentrated extract of about 30% of the initial total extract. The concentrated extract is then sprayed evenly using a sprayer into the feed according to the set treatment dose. The research design used was Completely Randomized with 5 treatments, each with 3 replications. The treatments used were A: 0%, B: 1%, C: 2%, D: 3%, and E: 4% extract/kg feed. Treatment feed was given for 4 weeks at a dose of 5%/body weight/day, and the frequency of feeding was 2 times a day at 08:00 and 16:00. The results showed that the administration of sea kedongong leaf extract had a very significant effect on the phagocytic activity of tilapia (p<0.01). The best results were achieved in fish treated with B (1% extract/kg) for 28 days. Keywords: medicinal plants, maceration, immune modulators, phagocytosis activity, disease control
The potential of catappa leave to prevent Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Selvyane Bukasiang; Henky Manoppo; Sartje Lantu; Nego E. Bataragoa; Cyska Lumenta; Reni L. Kreckhoff
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019): ISSUE JULY - DECEMBER 2019
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.7.2.2019.23722

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan dosis penambahan ekstrak daun ketapang dalam pakan untuk meningktkan. Ikan uji adah benih nila berukuran 5-8 cm dengan beratr ata-rata 2,93 g yang diperoleh dari Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar Tatelu. Bahan uji berupa Daun Ketapang  (Terminalia catappa) dengan dosis A= 0, B= 5 g/kg, C= 10 g/kg, D= 20 g/kg dan E= 40 g/kg  diberikan kepada ikan selama 21 hari. Ikan diberi pakan perlakuan dua kali sehari yakni pukul 09.00 am dan 16.00 pm dengan dosis pemberian 5%/berat tubuh/hari. Hasil penelitian didapatkan pertumbuhan terbaik dicapai pada kosentrasi ekstrak daun ketapang 5 g/kg.  Sebagai kesimpulan adalah ekstrak daun ketapang dapat digunakan dalam akuakultur untuk meningktkan pertumbuhan ikan.Kata kunci : Daun Ketapang, tanaman obat, ikan Nila,  A. hydrophila, budidaya ABSTRAKThe research aimed to  establish the accurate dose of catappa leave extract supplemented into feed to enhance fish growth.  The fish measuring 5-8 cm with an average weight of 2.93 g were obtained from Board of Freshwater Fisheries Aquaculture Tatelu. Catappa leave extract as much as A= 0, B= 5 g/kg, C= 10 g/kg, D= 20 g/kg dan E= 40 g/kg were added into feed and fed to fish for 21 days.  The fish wee fed twice  day at 09.00 am and 16.00 pm at 5% of body weigth a day.  Research result showed that application of 5 g of leave extract per kg of feed gave the best absolute and specific growth of fish.  Thus, supplementation of leave extract into fish feed was potential ti improve fish growth.Keywords: catappa leave, medicinal plant, Nile tilapia, aquaculture, A. hydrophila.
The Use Of Marine Sponge Crude Extract To Improve The Resistance Of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) To Streptococcus agalactiae Infections Shifa A. Schram; Reiny A. Tumbol; Reni L. Kreckhoff
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019): ISSUE JULY - DECEMBER 2019
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.7.2.2019.23723

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effect of the use of crude marine sponge extract on the resistance of streptococcus agalactiae infection in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and to establish the effective dose of crude sponge extract in improving the immune system and the growth of the fish. The sponge used in the study was Cribrochalina sp. taken from Malalayang waters, Manado. The fish were taken from Freshwater Aquaculture Center, Tatelu. The fish were acclimatized for a week. After being acclimatized the fish were given feed added with sponge crude extract as a treatment with different concentrations of 20 g, 40 g and 60 g / Kg of feed for 14 days as much as 5% / body weight / day with the frequency of feeding twice a day at 10:00 am and at 5:00 p.m. After being treated, the fish was challenged with S. agalactiae. The data collected consisted of tilapia resistance, Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) as immune parameters and absolute growth. The results showed that the addition of crude extracts of Cribrochalina sp. into feed can increase TLC and growth of tilapia (p <0.05). The best results were achieved in fish fed with the addition of sponge crude extract of 40 g/kg feed. The survival rate of tilapia fed with treatment diet then challenged with pathogenic bacteria S. agalactiae showed the best results (100% survival rate) compared to controls (75%). In conclusion, feeding with a crude extract of Cribrochalina sp. has the potential to increase the immune system and growth of tilapia.Keywords: Crude Extract, Marine Sponges, Cribrochalina sp., Tilapia, Resistance, Streptococcus agalactiaeABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak kasar spons laut terhadap resistensi ikan nila dalam menghadapi serangan Streptococcus agalactiae, mengidentifikasi spons yang digunakan, serta mengukur pengaruh serta menetapkan dosis pemberian ekstrak kasar spons untuk meningkatkan sistem imun dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila. Spons yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah spons Cribrochalina sp. yang diambil dari perairan Malalayang. Ikan uji diambil dari Balai Budidaya Air Tawar Tatelu, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Ikan diaklimatisasi selama seminggu. Setelah diaklimatisasi ikan diberi pakan yang ditambahkan dengan ekstrak kasar spons sebagai perlakuan dengan konsentrasi berbeda yaitu 0 g, 20 g, 40 g dan 60 g/kg pakan selama 14 hari sebanyak 5%/berat tubuh/hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan dua kali sehari yaitu jam 10.00 pagi dan jam 17.00 sore. Setelah diberi perlakuan, ikan diuji tantang dengan bakteri S. agalactiae. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari kelangsunganhidup ikan nila. Total leukosit sebagai parameter imun dan pertumbuhan mutlak. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak kasar spons Cribrochalina sp. ke dalam pakan mampu meningkatkan total leukosit dan pertumbuhan ikan nila (p<0.05). Dimana hasil terbaik dicapai pada ikan yang diberi pakan dengan penambahan ekstrak kasar spons sebanyak 40 g/kg pakan. Kelangsungan hidup ikan nila yang diberi pakan perlakuan yang diuji tantang dengan bakteri patogen menunjukkan hasil yang paling baik (tingkat kelangsungan hidup 100%) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (75%). Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan ekstrak kasar spons Cribrochalina sp. berpotensi untuk meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan pertumbuhan pada ikan nila.Kata Kunci: Ekstrak kasar, Spons laut, Cribrochalina sp., Tilapia, Resistensi, Streptococcus agalactiae
Analysis Of Bacteria Community In The Plastic Waste Dhebby Purba; Veibe Warouw; Rizald Rompas; Deiske Sumilat; Reni Kreckhoff; Elvy Ginting
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): ISSUE JULY-DECEMBER 2020
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.8.2.2020.29877

Abstract

Plastic waste is a general problem for the environment. Therefore, more ways of plastic waste management are required. One of the plastic waste management process is microbiological biodegradation using bacteria. This research aims to identify the bacterial community in Polyethylene Terephthalate type plastic waste by molecular analysis. In order to identify the community of bacteria, it is necessary to isolate the DNA of uncultured bacteria. In this research, the isolation of the DNA of uncultured bacteria from plastic waste was carried out by the Qiagen DNeasy® PowerSoil Pro Kit handbook. The DNA genome was subsequently examined using electrophoresis gel and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The DNA genome was then amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction and the bacteria were identified using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis. On the results of this study, the uncultured bacteria DNA from plastic waste was isolated with purification value of 1. The amplified DNA genome was detected by DNA bands through gel electrophoresis gel at ~1500 bp. The bacteria in the plastic waste were Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Thaumarchaeuta and Gemmattimonadetes with the highest relative abundance of Proteobacteria.Keywords : Bacteria, Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid ( DNA), Plastic Waste, UnculturedAbstrakSampah plastik merupakan masalah bagi lingkungan oleh sebab itu diperlukan pengelolaan yang baik. Salah satu pengelolaan sampah plastik yakni dengan cara biodegradasi secara mikrobiologi menggunakan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komunitas bakteri pada sampah plastik, khususnya jenis Polyethylene Terephthalate secara molekuler. Untuk analisis bakteri secara molekuker, diperlukan tahapan isolasi DNA bakteri. Pada penelitian ini isolasi DNA bakteri tanpa kultivasi dari sampah plastik dilakukan dengan mengikuti prosedur ekstraksi DNeasy® PowerSoil Pro Kit, Qiagen dengan menggunakan proses pengikisan pada kedua permukaan plastik sebagai tahapan preparasi sampel. Hasil ekstraksi DNA selanjutnya diuji menggunakan elektroforesis gel dan spektofotometer UV-Vis. Genom DNA kemudian diamplifikasi menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction dan bakteri diidentifikasi dengan Next Generation Sequencing analysis. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa, DNA bakteri tanpa kultivasi dari sampah plastik berhasil diisolasi dan diamplifikasi yang ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya pita DNA lewat hasil elektroforesis gel pada panjang 1500 bp. Bakteri yang terdapat pada plastik jenis PET adalah Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Thaumarchaeuta dan Gemmattimonadetes dengan kelimpahan relatif tertinggi adalah ProteobacteriaKata kunci: Bakteri, Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid ( DNA), Sampah Plastik, Tanpa Kultivasi
Tingkat kesukaan ektoparasit Trichodina sp. pada benih ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di kolam pendederan Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar (BPBAT) Tatelu Adellin Dwiny Conchita; Reni L. Kreckhoff; Novie P.L. Pangemanan; Reiny A. Tumbol
e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): April - Desember
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/bdp.v11i2.48961

Abstract

Abstrak Penurunan produktifitas budidaya ikan salah satunya diakibatkan oleh infeksi parasit. Ektoparasit sering menginfeksi kulit, sirip dan insang pada ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaan ektoparasit Trichodina sp. serta kaitannya dengan kualitas air kolam budidaya. Dalam penelitian yang telah dilakukan, sampel benih ikan nila diambil dari kolam pendederan dengan sistem resirkulasi di Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar (BPBAT) Tatelu sebanyak 20 ekor sampel, sampel diambil  dalam keadaan hidup, pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak (random sampling) dengan ukuran tubuh ikan 2 - 4 cm. Pemeriksaan ektoparasit dilakukan pada kulit (lendir) dan insang dengan menggunakan  mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan parasit Trichodina sp. ditemukan pada semua sampel ikan yang diperiksa.  Organ yang diperiksa, lebih  banyak ditemukan pada bagian kulit (lendir) benih ikan nila sebanyak 685 individu sedangkan pada insang 412 individu. Hasil analisis tingkat kesukaan diperoleh bahwa x2 hit. 67,92> x2 tab. 3,841 yang menunjukan bahwa parasit Trichodina sp. memiliki tingkat kesukaan parasit berbeda  terhadap organ tubuh.  Data kualitas air  dengan nilai pH, amonia dan nitrit melebihi standar baku mutu SNI disebabkan oleh sistim budidaya resirkulasi pada kolam pendederan. Hal ini memicu perkembangan parasit sehingga menginvestasi semua sampel ikan baik pada kulit dan insang dengan tingkat keragaman yang berbeda. Kata kunci : Lendir, sistem resirkulasi, budidaya, penyakit
Inventarisasi dan identifikasi ektoparasit yang menginfeksi benih ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Massora Dudung; Reni L. Kreckhoff; Reiny A. Tumbol; Sammy N.J. Longdong; Winda M. Mingkid
e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): April - Desember
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/bdp.v11i2.49945

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the parasites in tilapia seeds cultivated by the Matelenteng Fish Cultivation Group in Tumaluntung Village, as well as to analyze the prevalence, incidence, dominance index and preference level of parasites in tilapia seeds. This research was conducted from May to July 2023 in Tumaluntung Village, Kauditan District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. Parasite examination was carried out on 15 samples of tilapia seeds which included the skin, fins, and gills of the fish. The fish samples were taken from the Matelenteng fish cultivation location in Tumaluntung Village, Kauditan District, North Sulawesi Province. The fish were taken from 1 breeding pond and put into plastic bags containing water, then given oxygen, and then brought to the Aquaculture Technology Laboratory of FPIK Unsrat for examination. Before the examination was carried out, the test fish were put into a bucket and given aeration so that the tilapia seeds remained alive until they were examined. Next, the length of the tilapia seeds was measured using a ruler. Examination of the tilapia seed samples was carried out using the smear preparation method where the examined organ was scraped, and the results of the scraping were placed in a Petri dish before being smeared on a prepared glass slide. Parasite examination was conducted using a microscope with a magnification of 100x. The inventory and identification results found 2 types of parasites, namely Epistylis sp. with 13 individuals in 3 samples of tilapia seeds and Dactylogyrus sp. with 2 individuals in 2 samples of tilapia seeds infecting the tilapia seeds. The prevalence rate of Epistylis sp. parasites was obtained at 33.33% or generally, there is a mild infection. Dactylogyrus sp. with a prevalence rate of 13.33% is classified as often infected with an incidence rate at a very mild level. The preference level of parasites obtained a value of X2 hit 3.74 < X2 tab 9.210 indicating a difference in the preference level of parasites in the tilapia seed body organs. Keywords: Ectoparasites, prevalence, incidence, preference level
Tingkat prevalensi dan intensitas ektoparasit pada benih ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Prislawati Paputungan; Reni L. Kreckhoff; Reiny A. Tumbol; Ockstan J. Kalesaran; Juliaan Ch. Watung; Suzanne L. Undap
e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): April - Desember
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This study aims to inventory the types of parasites that exist in the Center for Development and Development of Tateli Fish Farming (BP2HPI) Tateli. This research was conducted in April-July 2023 at BP2HPI, Tateli as the location for sampling 30 tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) seeds randomly in 3 nursery ponds, and then brought to the Laboratory of Aquaculture Technology FPIK Unsrat for parasite observations. Before examining the fish parasites, the sample is put into a bucket filled with water and given aeration so that the fish are still alive during the inspection. In this research activity, several water quality parameters were also measured, namely temperature, pH, and DO in situ. The procedure for examining ectoparasites refers to the procedure according to Kabata (1985). Parasite examination begins with observing the outside of the body, and taking notes if abnormal signs are found such as swelling, bleeding, the presence of black or white spots on the surface of the body, or changes in body color, then the presence of parasites is examined using a microscope with 400x magnification. The examination found 2 types of parasites that infect the seeds of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at the Center for Development and Control of Fish Pests and Diseases (BP2HPI), Tateli are Ttrichodina sp and Gyrodactylus sp. The prevalence of parasites that attack tilapia seeds as a whole reaches 100% which is divided into 90% Trichodina sp and 10%, Gyrodactylus sp. Keywords: parasitic infestation, fish disease, water quality, aquaculture
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN ANTI-UV BEBERAPA ASCIDIAN DARI PERAIRAN PANGALISANG BUNAKEN Yuliana Macpal; Veibe Warouw; Deiske A Sumilat; James J.H. Paulus; Natalie D.C. Rumampuk; Reni L. Kreckhoff
JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS Vol. 7 No. 3 (2019): JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jplt.7.3.2019.26019

Abstract

Ascidians are sesile marine invertebrates that have bioactive compounds such as antibacterial and anti-UV. The purpose of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and to test the anti-UV activity of the ascidian water fraction. Antibacterial activity test was carried out using the diffusion method (disc diffusion Kirby & Bauer) and the water fraction of ascidian that showing antibacterial activity tested in a UV spectrophotometer to see the anti-UV activity. Results of the study were obtained 4 types of ascidians extracted from partitioned into water fraction, n-hexane fraction, methanol fraction. All three fractions were tested for antibacterial activity and the result showed that there were antibacterial activities of ascidian extract Clavelina sp. against both test bacteria with inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli with strong categories. Ascidian Phlebobranch sp. showed the presence of antibacterial activity with inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli with very strong categories (16,6 mm). extract Eudistoma sp. showed the presence of antibacterial activity with inhibition S. aureus and E. coli in the medium category (9 mm). The water fraction found active in antibacterial testing is then tested using a UV spectrophotometer for anti UV testing, the result show that water fraction of the four ascidians can absorb UV-B (290-320nm) and UV-A ( 320-400nm).Keywords : Ascidian, Antibacterial, Partition, Anti- UV.
Prevalensi dan insidensi ektoparasit pada udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di tambak CV. Pasifik Delyano Farm Mokoginta, Leyda H.; Kreckhoff, Reni L.; Tumbol, Reiny A.; Longdong, Sammy N.J.; Sambali, Hariyani; Mingkid, Winda M.
e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): April - Desember
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/bdp.v11i2.51960

Abstract

This study aimed to inventory the parasites that attack vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and to determine and determine the prevalence and incidence rates of parasites that infect vaname shrimp. The research was carried out at CV. Pasifik Delyano Farm, Iyok Village, District. Bolangitang, Kab. North Mongondow. Parasite identification is carried out in the Laboratory of Aquaculture Technology FPIK Unsrat. The test animals used in this rstudy were vannamei shrimp with a weight ranging from 7-10 grams with a length of 10-15 cm. The number of shrimp samples taken was 10 in the pond. Methods for examining and observing ectoparasites were carried out on the gills, walking legs, swimming legs, and tail of vannamei shrimp and then identified to obtain prevalence and incidence rates. The observation results were then analyzed using prevalence and incidence rate formulas. Based on the research results, two types of parasites were found that infect shrimp, walking legs, swimming legs, and tail, namely Vorticella and Zootanium. Prevalence rates based on parasite type were obtained in Vorticella sp. 40% and Zoothamnium sp 30% in the category of infections that generally occur while the prevalence rate based on organs, swimming legs was higher (0.4%) than in tail (0.3%) and walking legs (0.2%). based on the level of parasite incidence in all observed shrimp organs, Zoothamnium sp. was higher than Vorticella sp.  Keywords: diseases, parasites, aquaculture, intensive cultivation
Analisis kandungan organoklorin pada area akuakultur di Perairan Pulau Nain Pratasik, Gerald A.; Tumembouw, Sipriana S.; Kusen, Diane J.; Undap, Suzanne L.; Ngangi, Edwin L. A.; Kreckhoff, Reni L.
e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): Januari - Juni
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/bdp.v12i1.55659

Abstract

Organochlorine pesticides are one type of pesticide that is often used and some organochlorine pesticides are included in the group of Persistent Organic Pollutants, this type of pesticide is a pollutant that is a problem because it is resistant and bioaccumulative. Organochlorine characteristics that can adversely affect the environment are; 1). Decomposes very long in soil, air, water, and in living things, and can also stay in the environment for a long time. 2). It can enter the food chain and accumulate in fat tissue, making it difficult to dissolve in water. 3). Can be carried far through air and water. Seeing the nature of organochlorine pesticides that can last a long time in the environment and can be carried away by air and water, and the discovery of organochlorines in Manado Bay does not rule out the possibility that organochlorine pesticides can also exist in the waters of Nain Island. The objectives of this study are: (1) Measuring the physical parameters of water chemistry (temperature, DO, pH, and salinity) and organochlorine pesticide levels in Nain Island waters, (2) Analyzing organochlorine levels in Nain Island seawater samples. Measurements and sampling were carried out on Nain Island, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency on May 22, 2023. The results showed that there were organochlorines of endrin and DDT types in the waters of Nain Island, the concentration of endrin and DDT did not exceed the threshold of seawater quality standards PP RI No. 22 of 2021. The results of measuring water quality parameters show that the measurement location is still under seawater quality standards. Keywords: pesticides, water quality, aquaculture, seaweeds
Co-Authors Adellin Dwiny Conchita Adnan Wantasen Alex D. Kambey Ali Djamhuri Aylifia S. Somba Billy Theodorus Wagey Cyska Lumenta Cyska Lumenta Dahlia Malau Datangmanis, Adieng A. R. Deiske A Sumilat Deiske Adeliene Sumilat, Deiske Adeliene Deiske Sumilat Dhebby Purba Diane J. Kusen Durand, Swenekhe S. Edwin D Ngangi Elvy Ginting Fitje Losung Fransine B. Manginsela Ginting, Elvi L. Grevo S Gerung Henky Manoppo Henky Manoppo Henneke Pangkey Indra R. N. Salindeho Indra R.N. Salindeho James J.H. Paulus Jasansong, Kalfianus Jhonly Solang Joppy Mudeng Juliaan Ch. Watung Kudato, Vania Kurniawan, Putra M. Kusen, Diane J. Kusen, Diane Joula Lauluw, Dafid Mamesah, Jeivana F.T Mamonto, Reva E. Mamuko, Nelsi Mantiri, Desy M. H Massora Dudung Maweikere, Fabiola C. Mokoginta, Leyda H. Mokolensang, Jeffrie F. Monijung, Revol D. Monijung, Revol J. Mudeng, Cindy C. Natalie D.C. Rumampuk Nego E. Bataragoa Ngangi, Edwin. L. A. Novie P.L. Pangemanan Ockstan J. Kalesaran Pangalila, Novelia M.A. Pangemanan, Novie P. L. Pangemanan, Novie P.L. Pankie N.L Pangemanan Pratasik, Gerald A. Prislawati Paputungan Putra, Stevano F.P Razak, Atiek P. Reiny A. Tumbol Reiny A. Tumbol Reiny A. Tumbol Rizald Rompas Rompas, Rizald M. Sambali, Hariyani Sambali, Haryani Sammy N. J. Longdong Sammy N. J. Longdong Sammy N.J. Longdong Sanggaria, Ayu W. Saragih, Debby Dyanessa Sartje Lantu Sartje Lantu Selvyane Bukasiang Shifa A. Schram Sinaga, Chintya R. Sinubu, Wulan V. Sipriana S. Tumembouw Suria Darwisito, Suria Suzanne L Undap Suzanne L. Undap Tindage, Tantri W. Tununu, Riky R. Umasugi, Aisin Undi, Chintia S. Usoh, Yosua Veibe Warouw Veibe Warouw Veibe Warouw Wantah, Monika M. Winda M. Mingkid Winda M. Mingkid Winda M. Mingkid, Winda M. Yuliana Macpal