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All Journal Hasanuddin Law Review Sprocket : Journal of Mechanical Engineering Lumbung Inovasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Visi Eksakta AJAD : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Ulead : Jurnal E-pengabdian Jurnal Polimesin ATDS Saintech Journal of Engineering Tanjungpura Legal Review Journal of Renewable Engineering
Siagian, Parulian
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Journal : Journal of Renewable Engineering

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Performance and Emission Assessment of Tree-Based Biofuel Additives in Compression Ignition Engines: A Review Ilmi , Ilmi; Sitorus, Tulus Burhanuddin; Siagian, Parulian; Sihombing, Roland
Journal of Renewable Engineering Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): JORE - February
Publisher : Pt. Anagata Sembagi Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62872/89zh4557

Abstract

This study reviews the performance and emissions of compression ignition (CI) engines using Calophyllum inophyllum (CIME/tamanu)-based biofuel additives through a narrative review of the latest international literature. Inclusion criteria encompassed CI engine test studies reporting efficiency metrics (BTE, BSFC) and key emissions (CO, HC, NOx, smoke/PM) for CIME blends (B10–B100) both without and with additive/mitigation strategies. In general, compared to diesel, CIME reduced CO, HC, and smoke/PM, with a trade-off increase in NOx. The addition of oxygenated additives (e.g., n-pentanol, dimethyl carbonate) and ignition improvers (e.g., DTBP) tends to improve combustion quality, reduce BSFC, and suppress CO/HC; while the application of approximately 10% EGR effectively reduces NOx with a moderate penalty on HC/CO/smoke. Nano-additives (graphene/MWCNT) show potential for increasing BTE and reducing smoke, but present issues of dispersion stability and safety/environment. The most balanced performance generally occurs at low–medium blends (≈B10–B20) combined with oxygenated additives and EGR-based NOx control, accompanied by proper injection calibration. From a sustainability perspective, C. inophyllum—as a non-food source with high FFA pretreatment requirements—has the potential to support transportation decarbonization, although industrial-scale success depends on supply chains, policies, and LCA/TEA results. Further studies are recommended on real-world test cycles, long-term durability, aftertreatment compatibility, and comprehensive environmental assessment.
Co-Authors Abunawas, Abunawas Alex Rikki Alkadri, Sy. Muhammad Ridho Rizki Maulufi Aswandi , Aswandi Aswandi Aswandi, Aswandi Azizurrahman , Sy Hasyim Azizzurrahman, Sy. Hasyim Batubara, Muhammad Iqbal Brayen, Theo Budhi Santri Kusuma Diocto, Pniel Destenesse Had, Abunawas Harianja, Andy Paul Herlina Herlina Hermansyah , Hermansyah Hermansyah Hermansyah Ilmi , Ilmi Joel Panjaitan Lumbangaol, Partahi Manurung, Charles S.P Manurung, Wany Chytra Mega Fitri Hertini Muhammad Tahir Mukti, Plasma Versiana Nababan, Wilson Sabastian Pakpahan, William Robert P Pasaribu, Humisar Purba, Doni El Rezen Raden Mohamad Herdian Bhakti Richard A M Napitupulu Setyawan, Eko Yohanes Siagian, Horas S Siagian, Lestina Siagian, Lestina R Siahaan, Azarya N J Siahaan, Saloom Hilton Sianturi, Roy Lamrun Sihombing, Roland siwan edi amanta Perangin angin Soa, Alfonsus Hendri Sorang Pakpahan Sri Ismawati Sy. Hasyim Azizurrahman Tampubolon, Miduk Tulus Burhanuddin Sitorus Widuri, Sifa Intania Yanhar, M Rafiq