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All Journal Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Hasanuddin Law Review Sprocket : Journal of Mechanical Engineering Lumbung Inovasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Visi Eksakta AJAD : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat As-Sidanah : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Ulead : Jurnal E-pengabdian Jurnal Polimesin ATDS Saintech Journal of Engineering Tanjungpura Legal Review Journal of Renewable Engineering
Parulian Siagian
Universitas HKBP Nommensen
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Journal of Renewable Engineering

 1 
Performance and Emission Assessment of Tree-Based Biofuel Additives in Compression Ignition Engines: A Review Ilmi , Ilmi; Sitorus, Tulus Burhanuddin; Siagian, Parulian; Sihombing, Roland
Journal of Renewable Engineering Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): JORE - February
Publisher : Pt. Anagata Sembagi Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62872/89zh4557

Abstract

This study reviews the performance and emissions of compression ignition (CI) engines using Calophyllum inophyllum (CIME/tamanu)-based biofuel additives through a narrative review of the latest international literature. Inclusion criteria encompassed CI engine test studies reporting efficiency metrics (BTE, BSFC) and key emissions (CO, HC, NOx, smoke/PM) for CIME blends (B10–B100) both without and with additive/mitigation strategies. In general, compared to diesel, CIME reduced CO, HC, and smoke/PM, with a trade-off increase in NOx. The addition of oxygenated additives (e.g., n-pentanol, dimethyl carbonate) and ignition improvers (e.g., DTBP) tends to improve combustion quality, reduce BSFC, and suppress CO/HC; while the application of approximately 10% EGR effectively reduces NOx with a moderate penalty on HC/CO/smoke. Nano-additives (graphene/MWCNT) show potential for increasing BTE and reducing smoke, but present issues of dispersion stability and safety/environment. The most balanced performance generally occurs at low–medium blends (≈B10–B20) combined with oxygenated additives and EGR-based NOx control, accompanied by proper injection calibration. From a sustainability perspective, C. inophyllum—as a non-food source with high FFA pretreatment requirements—has the potential to support transportation decarbonization, although industrial-scale success depends on supply chains, policies, and LCA/TEA results. Further studies are recommended on real-world test cycles, long-term durability, aftertreatment compatibility, and comprehensive environmental assessment.
Co-Authors Abunawas Abunawas, Abunawas Akadol, Nina Septiana Jasri Alberto Hutauruk Alex Rikki Alkadri, Sy. Muhammad Ridho Rizki Maulufi Andrean V. H. Simanjuntak Andreas V. H. Simanjuntak ASWANDI Aswandi , Aswandi Aswandi Aswandi, Aswandi Azizurrahman , Sy Hasyim Azizzurrahman, Sy. Hasyim Baehaqi Batubara, Muhammad Iqbal Brayen, Theo Budhi S. Kusuma Budhi Santri Kusuma Charles S.P Manurung Charles S.P. Manurung Diocto, Pniel Destenesse Eko Y Setyawan Eko Yohanes Setyawan Fadhilah, Muhamad Khoiron Gayatri, Nungky Dwi Had, Abunawas Harianja, Andy Paul Hayuningtyas, Defria Puspita Sari Herlina Herlina Herlina Hermansyah Hermansyah , Hermansyah Hermansyah Hermansyah Himsar Ambarita Hotman Manurung Ilmi , Ilmi Joel Panjaitan Lestina Siagian Libianko Sianturi Lumbangaol, Partahi Manurung, Charles S.P Manurung, Wany Chytra Marhiras Sitanggang Mega Fitri Hertini Miduk Tampubolon Muhammad Fakhri Amadika Muhammad Tahir Mukti, Plasma Versiana Nababan, Wilson Sabastian Pakpahan, William Robert P Pasaribu, Humisar Perangin-angin, Siwan E. Purba, Doni El Rezen Raden Mohamad Herdian Bhakti Richard A M Napitupulu Ricky Therisno Rokki Manurung Safaruddin Harefa Septiani Silitonga Septiani Silitonga Setyawan, Eko Yohanes Siagian, Horas S Siagian, Lestina Siagian, Lestina R Siahaan, Azarya N J Siahaan, Saloom Hilton Sianturi, Roy Lamrun Sibuk Ginting Sihombing, Roland siwan edi amanta Perangin angin Soa, Alfonsus Hendri Sorang Pakpahan Sri Ismawati Sy. Hasyim Azizurrahman Syarif Hasyim Azizurrahman Tampubolon, Miduk Tulus Burhanuddin Sitorus Tumiur Gultom Waldemar Naibaho Wandro Siregar Widuri, Sifa Intania Yanhar, M Rafiq Yohanes Hutahaean Yong Song Chen