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Journal : Research Journal of Life Science

Identification of Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Myristica fragrans using V8 and CAM Media Arifah, Fitri; Aini, Luqman Qurata; Muhibuddin, Anton; Dianti, Sylvia; Prabowo, Matheus Randy
Research Journal of Life Science Vol 9, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rjls.2022.009.03.3

Abstract

Nutmeg is a spice that might be susceptible to being infected with aflatoxigenic fungi. Aflatoxins are mycotoxins synthesized by certain strains of Aspergillus section Flavi. However, not all strains are able to produce aflatoxins. The approach frequently employed for this survey comprises the cultivation of strains in a suitable liquid or solid medium and their subsequent extraction and analysis for the presence of aflatoxins. To date, very few studies have been conducted on the identification of contaminate and aflatoxigenic fungi in Myristica fragrans. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the contaminate and aflatoxigenic fungi in Myristica fragrans growing on V8 and CAM Media. Isolation of the fungus was carried out by direct agar plating. Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus niger, A. tamarii, Penicillium citrinum, Rhizopus delemar, A. nomiae, and A. aflatoxiformans were recovered from nutmeg kernels sampled from North Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The findings of fungal isolation demonstrated that L. theobromae was the most prevalent form of fungus detected in the nutmeg kernels (50%), followed by A. niger (38.13%) and A. tamarii (10%). A. nomiae and A. aflatoxiformans were the aflatoxigenic fungi isolated from M. fragrans kernels.
Analysis of Chitinase Enzyme Trichoderma sp. in Degrading Fusarium oxysporum Rosyida, Risya; Martosudiro, Mintarto; Muhibuddin, Anton
Research Journal of Life Science Vol 9, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rjls.2022.009.03.5

Abstract

The chitinase enzyme in Trichoderma sp. play an important role in pathogen control. This is because chitin is the main component of the fungal cell wall which the chitinase enzyme can degrade. One Trichoderma sp. isolate was obtained (UBPK6) with the highest percentage of inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum, 76.71%. In addition, UBPK6 isolates also showed the highest bromocresol purple reagent test results (indicating the presence of chitinase enzymes). Chitinase enzyme activity was measured for Trichoderma asperellum isolates. The results showed that the optimum incubation period for enzyme production was the 4th day, with an enzyme activity value of 4.05 U/mL. It indicates that this time is the right time for harvesting enzymes. Furthermore, the effect of pH on the chitinase enzyme activity of Trichoderma asperellum fungus. The test results showed that the optimum value was produced at pH 5 with a value of 3.4 U/mL and decreased afterward. The pH five treatment was the best in inhibiting the growth of pathogens, with an inhibition value of 60.63%. The higher the content of the chitinase enzyme, the higher its ability to degrade damage to the germination of pathogenic spores, thus causing the growth of the pathogen to be inhibited.
Effect of Temperature on the Germination and Spread of the Mycelia of Sporisorium scitamineum Fungus Causes Smut Disease in Sugarcane Tasya, Tasya; Muhibuddin, Anton; Sektiono, Antok Wahyu; Hidayah, Nurul
Research Journal of Life Science Vol 11, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rjls.2024.011.01.3

Abstract

Sugarcane is presumed to be susceptible to smut disease caused by a basidiomycete fungus, Sporisorium scitamineum. One environmental condition that influences the disease's development is temperature. However, information related to smut disease, especially the influence of the environment (temperature) on the growth of S. scitamineum in sugarcane, is limited. Therefore, studying the effect of different temperature ranges on S. scitamineum growth is necessary. The research, which was arranged using a completely randomized design with 3 (replicates) consisted of two treatments, including temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 35°C) and incubation time (1, 2, 4, and 6 hours). The teliospore suspension was inoculated on a water agar medium and incubated at different times and temperatures. After each allocated time, the plates were taken from the incubator, and then germination of teliospores was observed under a compound microscope. In addition, we also conducted research on the effect of inoculation temperature (25, 30, and 35°C) on the mycelial distribution within sugarcane tissue. The bud setts were immersed in teliospore suspension for 10 minutes at different temperatures, then planted in the polybags and kept for one and two weeks. The results showed that temperature affected the germination of S. scitamineum teliospores, in which the highest germination (92,3%) occurred at 30°C. On the other hand, the lowest germination was at 20°C with 0% germination after 1 hour incubation time. The in vivo study revealed that the distribution of mycelia within sugarcane tissue was similar, either incubated in one or two weeks.