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Machine learning for energy conversion prediction and photovoltaic-on grid protection system using IoT Habib Satria; Muhammad Fadlan Siregar; Indri Dayana; Dadan Ramdan; Hermansyah Hermansyah; Muhammad Irwanto; Syafii Syafii
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 15, No 2: July 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v15.i2.pp416-425

Abstract

The advancement of photovoltaic (PV) systems in tropical regions faces significant efficiency challenges due to fluctuating panel surface temperatures. This study addresses these issues by implementing machine learning (ML) models, specifically k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), to classify and monitor panel temperatures. To enhance system resilience, an internet of things (IoT) based on-grid protection system was developed, featuring a dual-relay redundancy mechanism that triggers an automated trip when the current exceeds 1.30 A. This integration ensures the protection of both the PV infrastructure and household electrical loads. Experimental results demonstrate that the KNN model exhibits superior reliability with a testing accuracy of 93% and a baseline performance of 96.67%, successfully identifying both normal (25 °C to 35 °C) and high-temperature (36 °C to 48 °C) states. In contrast, while the XGBoost model reached a maximum validation accuracy of 94.44% during training, it only achieved a testing accuracy of 84% and showed significant limitations in detecting normal temperature patterns. Beyond classification, the IoT framework proved highly precise in real-time energy monitoring, with sensor error rates below 2%. This research offers a strategic solution for optimizing energy conversion and system reliability, providing a robust framework for sustainable clean energy management in tropical climates.
Multi-level redundancy with internet of things battery supply for fault mitigation in grid-tied photovoltaic systems Habib Satria; Muhammad Fadlan Siregar; Indri Dayana; Dadan Ramdan; Muhammad Irwanto; Syafii Syafii
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 15, No 2: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v15.i2.pp622-633

Abstract

The development of grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) systems in tropical regions remains a strategic focus for achieving sustainable clean energy. However, energy conversion efficiency is often hampered by fluctuations in panel surface temperature and electrical faults. To ensure long-term system reliability, this study implements a multi-level redundancy architecture integrated with dynamic internet of things (IoT) monitoring for fault mitigation in grid-tied PV systems. The system employs a machine learning (ML) method using the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm for thermal classification, achieving an accuracy of 84% in identifying normal (25 °C to 35 °C) and overheating conditions. Furthermore, an electrical redundancy layer is designed with an automatic tripping mechanism that activates when the current exceeds a 1.30 A threshold, demonstrating a rapid response latency of 150 ms. To ensure monitoring resilience, the system is supported by a dedicated 18650 Li-ion battery backup. The implementation results confirm that this multi-level protection framework effectively monitors real time energy usage, prevents critical component damage, and enhances the overall safety of household-scale PV installations. This research provides a scalable and intelligent solution for fault mitigation, supporting the broader adoption of renewable energy in tropical environments.
The Effect of Tetraethil OrthoCilicate (TEOS) on Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Addition in Electrical Indri Dayana; Habib Satria; Martha Rianna
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 14, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v14i1.74558

Abstract

Magnetite Nanoparticles of pure (Fe3O4) and Fe3O4 with TEOS addition have been successfully synthesized from natural iron sand using the coprecipitation method. The purpose of this study is to provide information on the effect of TEOS to Fe3O4 on the electrical properties. The effect of TEOS addition to Fe3O4 indicates that the increase in true density results is 4.95 gr/cm3. The stability of nanolubricant on Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the addition of TEOS 1.2 ml was dispersed homogeneously. The value of thermal conductivity also increases due to TEOS addition on Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a volume fraction of 0.8% of 1,631 W/m.K and the heat of the type produced was 718.44 J/kg.K. The effect of TEOS addition on Fe3O4 nanoparticles produces good electrical properties of stability in the nano-lubricant.
Development of Potato-Derived Carbon Nanofibers as Sustainable Moisture-Regulating Supporting Layers for Photovoltaic Modules Indri Dayana; Habib Satria; Nidya Chitraningrum; Mega Puspita Sari; Tino Hermanto; Yopan Rahmad Aldori; Dadan Ramdan; Syofyan Anwar Syahputra; Dina Maizana; Moranain Mungkin; Junaidi Junaidi; Ade Irma Sagala; Siti Utari Rahayu
Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS)
Publisher : Yayasan Riset dan Pengembangan Intelektual (YRPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37385/jaets.v7i2.9175

Abstract

Moisture-induced degradation remains a critical reliability issue in photovoltaic (PV) modules, particularly in humid tropical climates. While biomass-derived carbon materials have been widely investigated for electrochemical applications, their use as functional supporting layers in PV modules remains limited. This study develops potato-derived carbon nanofibers through moderate-temperature carbonization (700 °C, N₂ atmosphere) followed by electrospinning. Structural and chemical properties were evaluated using XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and BET surface area analysis. Morphology and fiber diameter distribution were examined via SEM. Electrical conductivity was measured using a four-point probe method. Water vapor permeability (WVP) and biodegradation behavior were assessed to evaluate durability and moisture regulation capability. The synthesized material exhibits predominantly amorphous turbostratic carbon with characteristic D and G Raman bands (ID/IG ≈ 0.92), specific surface area of 186 ± 12 m²/g, and electrical conductivity of 3.8 ± 0.4 S/m. Nanofiber diameters range from 72–108 nm (mean ± SD). Controlled WVP (3200–4100 mg/day/L) and moderate biodegradability (8–12% mass loss over 14 days) indicate balanced vapor diffusion and structural integrity. The results demonstrate the feasibility of potato-derived carbon nanofibers as sustainable moisture-regulating supporting layers in photovoltaic modules.
Edukasi Kolektif Energi Bersih Kepada HME dan FKHMEI Sumut dalam Mewujudkan Kemandirian Energi Listrik Muhammad Fadlan Siregar; Habib Satria; Indri Dayana; Moranain Mungkin; Dina Maizana; Dewi Soleha; Muhammad Ikhwan Fahmi; Hermansyah Hermansyah
Mejuajua: Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Agustus 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Penelitian dan Inovasi Sumatera (YPIS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52622/mejuajuaj.abdimas.v6i1.365

Abstract

This community service activity is motivated by the importance of the role of electrical engineering students as agents of change in socializing renewable energy in the community. The Electrical Engineering Student Association (HME) and FKHMEI North Sumatra have great potential but still have limitations in the depth of theoretical understanding and the ability to analyze practical problems related to the energy transition. This community service program aims to equip 60 participants through collective education methods and interactive discussions to improve cognitive competence and problem-solving abilities in the field of New and Renewable Energy (EBT). Evaluation of the program's success was carried out quantitatively by comparing pre-test and post-test scores on various competency parameters. The results of the community service showed a very significant increase in competence in participants with all participant assessments. Before the activity, the average participant understanding score only ranged from 70 to 75. However, after the intervention was carried out, there was an impressive surge where the parameters of EBT Knowledge, Energy Transition Understanding, and EBT Understanding reached a perfect score (100). In addition, the problem analysis ability increased drastically by 25 points to 95, which reflects the maturity of students' critical thinking. This activity succeeded in totally transforming students' understanding, preparing them to become competent educators and ready to contribute to realizing an independent electricity environment in the North Sumatra region.
Comparison of acrylic and zinc blade materials on the performance of Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine Dina Maizana; Andreas Tiopan Togatorop; Indri Dayana; Habib Satria; Muhammad Irwanto Misrun; Yanawati Yahya
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 17, No 3: September 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i3.pp2162-2171

Abstract

The performance of vertical axis wind turbine is strongly influenced by blade characteristics, yet the effect of blade material on turbine performance remains relatively underexplored, particularly for small scale Darrieus type turbines. This study experimentally investigated the influence of acrylic and zinc blade materials on the aerodynamics and energy conversion performance of a three bladed Darrieus vertical axis wind Turbine. A laboratory-scale experimental setup was employed to evaluated turbine rotational speed, torque, and electrical power under a controlled wind speed of 4.3 m/s. The results demonstrate the blade material significantly affects the turbine’s ability to extract and convert wind energy. The acrylic blade turbine achieved a power coefficient (Cp) of 0.293 and an overall conversion efficiency 62.81%, compared with 0.208 and 47.11%, respectively, for the zinc bladed turbine. The acrylic configuration therefore provided approximately 25% higher overall performance than zinc configuration. These findings experimentally validate the importance of blade material selection in the design of small scale Darrieus wind turbines and indicate that acrylic can provide a more effective alternative to zinc for improving wind energy conversion under low speed operating conditions. The results provide practical guidance for material selection in the development of lightweight, low speed vertical axis turbines for decentralized and small scale renewable energy applications.