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Journal : International Journal of Renewable Energy Development

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Experimental and DFT investigation of LiFePO₄/graphene composites prepared via shear exfoliation route Amri, Amun; Mawaddah, Mawaddah; Alfatlian, Alfatlian; Sunarno, Sunarno; Murdiya, Fri; Assylzhan, Mazhibayev; Jumbri, Khairulazhar; Altarawneh, Mohammednoor; Yang, Chun-Chen; Saputro, Sulistyo; Rahman, M Mahbubur
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 2 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61976

Abstract

The performance of LiFePO₄ (LFP) cathodes was successfully enhanced by incorporating two types of graphene obtained through green and low-cost liquid shear exfoliation processes. Commercial LFP was combined with few-layer graphene (FLG) and very few-layer graphene (VFLG), with compositions ranging from 0-4 wt.%. LFP, LFP/FLG, and LFP/VFLG, were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), charge–discharge (CD), XRD, FTIR, and FESEM–EDX. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were further employed to probe the electronic structure of LFP and an idealized LFP(001)/pristine-graphene interface as a baseline model for interfacial electronic coupling. DFT indicated interfacial charge redistribution and the emergence of C-2p π-derived states near the Fermi level, resulting in bandgap narrowing relative to pristine LFP and suggesting an additional electronic percolation pathway at the interface. Experimentally, EIS showed that VFLG reduced charge-transfer resistance and increased effective electrochemical conductivity, while FLG addition was associated with improved interfacial charge-transfer behavior inferred from EIS. CD tests at 0.5 C showed that the 4 wt.% FLG and 4 wt.% VFLG electrodes delivered the highest specific capacities of 29.98 mAh/g and 44.66 mAh/g, corresponding to increases of 81.9% and 170.5% compared to bare LFP. XRD and FTIR confirmed that LFP phase integrity was maintained, and FESEM–EDX revealed a uniform particle distribution with well-dispersed graphene networks. Overall, these results demonstrated that shear-exfoliated graphene effectively improved electronic connectivity and charge-transfer behavior in LFP cathodes, supported by consistent electrochemical measurements and electronic-structure insights from DFT.
Co-Authors Abdul Rasyid Adetya, Reza Akbar, Muhammad Alif Aldi, Robi Alfatlian, Alfatlian Ali, Nurhalim Dani Altarawneh, Mohammednoor Amir Hamzah Amir Hamzah Amun Amri Anhar Antonius Rajagukguk Ari Sandhyavitri Assylzhan, Mazhibayev Azriyenni Azhari Zakri Bella Novita Dona Cecep Zaenal Mutaqin Cecilia Stevany Chandra, Andre David Andrio Devita Amalia Dian Yayan Sukma, Dian Yayan Dzaki Furqoon Ery Safrianti Faisal Setiawan Febrizal Ujang Feranita Feranita Firdaus Firdaus Firdaus Firdaus Firdaus Ginting, Rio Abraham Hamdani, Eddy Harahap, Muhammad Nasir Hardani, Nanda Hardiwika, Ericko Hariadi, Rofi Havel Alindo Sano Havel Alindo Sano Heni Pujiastuti Hotdin Peterson A I Gusti Bagus Wiksuana Jumbri, Khairulazhar Liho Dachanri Doly Linna Oktaviana Sari Luchman Wira Admaja M Javad Faruqi Mangapul, Toni Maradongan, Maradongan Mawaddah Mawaddah, Mawaddah Meliana Meliana Michael Anderson Muhammad Rafi Epafras nadeak, Parade Neni Frimayanti Noveri Lysbetti M Noviansyah Noviansyah Novri Andrean Nurhalim Nurhalim Dani Ali Nurhalim Nurhalim Oky Kurniawan Panjaitan, Handerson Pardede, Tumpal Pedia Aldy Prasetyo, Yansyah Putra, Rizky Andi Rahman, M Mahbubur Ramadhan, Dhoifullah Rendy Kamerlisa Putra Riski Febriyursandi Rizal, Ghane Sha Rofi Hariadi Rosma, Iswadi Hasyim Rossi Passarella Rudi Setiawan Sano, Havel Alindo Saputra , Ivan Shifa Rayni Efendi Stevanny, Cecillia Stevany, Cecilia Sulistianto, Agus Ernawan Sulistyo Saputro Sunarno Sunarno Suwitno Suwitno Suwitno, Suwitno Suwitno1, Suwitno Tommy Adrian Sinaga Tommy Rizky Krisnadi Yan Habibillah Pesa Yang, Chun-Chen Yansyah Prasetyo Yusnita Rahayu