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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL (BMJ) Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA) journal of internal medicine INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Jurnal Veteriner Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Public Health of Indonesia Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences (MCBS) JURNAL PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DAN OLAHRAGA Pharmasipha Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Udayana Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management Journal of Global Pharma Technology Seminar Ilmiah Nasional Teknologi, Sains, dan Sosial Humaniora (SINTESA) Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan

I Made Bakta

Universitas Bali Internasional

Author-ID : 240254

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Dentistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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INTERLEUKIN -2 ( IL-2 ) AND GAMMA INTERFERON ( IFN ? ) OF LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE SUPERNATANT IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA PATIENTS WITH INFECTION Suega, Ketut; Bakta, I M; Sudewa D., AAG; Suata, Ketut
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 4, No. 1 Januari 2010
Publisher : Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (158.052 KB)

Iron is an essential nutrient for every living cells because of it role as molecule fortransport of oxygen, as well as DNA synthesis through synthesis of ribonucleotidereductase. Iron deficiency anemia patients, especially pregnant women and children aremore susceptible to infection because of deterioration of their immune response. This wassupported by findings of decreased in phagocytic activities of white blood cells and Tcelllymphocyte proliferation impairment. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients alsoaffect working capacities hence diminishing working outcomes. Although the underlyingmechanism of immune defect in iron deficiency anemia is not clearly understood,multifactor events considered play their contributing roles such as abnormality ofribonucleotide reductase enzym, impairment of T-cell proliferation and activities, alteredcytokine production of IL-2 and IFN?.The study was done to asses the relationship of IL-2 and gamma IFN withinfection in IDA patients on lymphocyte culture supernatant of IDA patients. Study wasconducted on cross-sectional analytic design. Sixty-four iron deficiency anemia patientstreated in Sanglah General Teaching Hospital were recruited, and 31 (48.4%) out of 64IDA patients were man and 33 (51.6%) women, have been selected for the study. Thisstudy found 17 (26.7%) IDA patients with infection, aged 38 ± 14.48 years and 47(73.3%) IDA patients without infection, with age average of 40.5 ± 14.4 years. Allvariables of data characteristics examined did not indicate any statistical significantdifference between group of IDA patients with infection and those without infection. Theaverage level of hemoglobin between the two groups did not differ statistically. Similarresult was obtained if samples were differentiated into severe (Hb< 7g/dl) and mildanemia. The study also revealed that there were no differences of cytokine level observedbetween older and younger age (upper and below 44.5 years) in IDA patients withinfection and without infection. Furthermore, no differences of cytokine level were foundbased on gender between IDA male 10.9 (8.60 – 12,65) (pg/l) patients and IDA femalepatients 10.6 (7.50 – 13.43) (pg/l) with Z -0.490, p =0.624. Nevertheless, significantdifferences were noted between supernatant of IL-2 and IFN? in IDA patients withinfection when compared to IDA patients without infection (Z= - 2.509, p= 0.012 forsupernatant IL-2; and Z= -2.569, p= 0.010 for supernatant IFN?).The study conclusion is that level of IL-2 and IFN? from lymphocyte culturesupernatant of patient suffered from IDA with infection is significantly lower whencompared to IDA patient without infection. It therefore summarized that lower level ofIL-2 and gamma IFN in patients suffered from iron deficiency impaired their immune response to certain infections therefore this findings support the theory that IDA patientsmore susceptible to get infected.

RISKS FOR PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE IN THE ELDERLY WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS : Their Correlation with High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein and Ankle-Brachial Index Ayu Tuty Kuswardhani, Raden; Wita, Wayan; Bakta, Made; Santosa, Anwar
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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The Indonesian elderly population has been projected to increase up to about four-fold inthree decades (1990-2020). As a consequence of this population trend, the increased prevalence ofdegenerative diseases would be inevitable; this would include the prevalence of peripheral arterialdisease.This study aims to identify the correlation of diverse risk factors, either traditional or nontraditional,with the ankle-brachial index scores, and the correlation of novel non-traditional riskfactor, e.i. high sensitive C-reactive protein with the prevalence of perioheral arterial disease in theelderly, age 60-80 years old, with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Among the 146 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and based on measurement ofthe ABI score, approximately 30.9% of them had PAD. Some traditional and non-traditional riskfactors having a significant correlation with the ankle-brachial index score, were age (r = -0.396, p <0.001 for right ABI; r = -0.509, p < 0.001 for left ABI), supine systolic blood pressure (r= -0.268, p =0.012 for right ABI; r = -0.267, p = 0.013 for left ABI), 2-hour post-prandial blood glucose (r= -0.252, p = 0.018 for right ABI), and hsCRP (r = -0.280, p = 0.011 for right ABI; r = -0.402, p <0.001 for left ABI); whereas other risk factors like obesity based on waist circumference and BMI,non-supine systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, duration of diabetes, plasma lipidsdid not show statistically significant different odd ratios. After linear regression test for risk factorshaving significant correlations with ABI, age and hsCRP were found to influence the ABI scores.Based on a case-control study, risk factors which, to some extent, had statistically significant valuesas risk factors, include older age (? 70 years old; OR = 7.737 [CI = 2.515-23.805]; p < 0.001),relatively high supine diastolic blood pressure (? 90 mmHg; OR = 6.882 [CI = 0.789-60.060]; p =0.048), and high concentration of hsCRP (> 3 mg/L; OR = 4.420 [CI = 1.287-15.181]; p = 0.013).Among these statistically significant risk factors, after logistic regression test analysis, only the age ofthe patient appeared to have significant influence on the prevalence of PAD.In conclusion, this study demonstrates a negative correlation between hsCRP and ABI score;and high levels of hsCRP appeared to be a risk factor for PAD. The age of the patient, however,appeared to be the strongest risk factor for PAD.

MAKROFAG PENGEKSPRESI IL-1? SERTA RESPONS INFLAMASI SISTEMIK PADA FIKSASI INTERNA DINI FRAKTUR FEMUR TERTUTUP LEBIH RENDAH DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN YANG TERTUNDA Astawa, P.; Bakta, M.; K., Budha
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 1, No. 3 Desember 2007
Publisher : Udayana University

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Fiksasi interna merupakan salah satu modalitas terapi dalam penangananfraktur. Fiksasi interna dini dan tertunda masih menjadi suatu perdebatan karenaadanya perbedaan komplikasi yang ditimbulkan, terutama yang berhubungandengan respons inflamasi sistemik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahuiperbedaan makrofag pengekspresi IL-1? (dengan pengecatan imuno histokimia)antara saat tindakan fiksasi interna dini dan tertunda serta untuk mengetahuiperbedaan respons inflamasi sistemik ( IL-6 sebagai marker) pascafiksasi internadini dan tertunda pada fraktur femur tertutup.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimental " post test onlycontrol group design". Penelitian ini dilakukan di Bagian Bedah RSUP SanglahDenpasar dengan besar sampel dihitung dengan rumus Pocock. Kemudiandilakukan uji normalitas K-S, t test, t-paired test dan uji korelasi.Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa (1) terdapat perbedaan bermaknaantara makrofag pengekspresi IL-1? pada saat perlakuan (hari I) dan makrofag saatkontrol (hari III-V) (2.37±2.98 % vs 4.99±4.89 %, p<0.05) dan (2) terdapatperbedaan yang bermakna kadar IL-6 serum sesudah fiksasi interna antarakelompok fiksasi interna dini dan tertunda (51,17± 23,19 pg/ml vs 95,39± 80pg/ml, p<0.05).Dari penelitian ini dapat dibuat suatu kesimpulan, yaitu (1) reaksi inflamasisekitar lokasi fraktur lebih rendah pada fiksasi interna dini daripada pada fiksasiinterna tertunda dan (2) kadar IL-6 pasca fiksasi interna dini lebih rendah daripada yang tertunda, dan kadar IL-6 serum sebelum fiksasi interna dapat dipakaisebagai prediktor kadar IL-6 pascafiksasi interna.

The Ergonomic Elderly Gym Improving Physical Fitness and Increasing The Bone Mass of The Elderly Ariati, N.N.; Adiputra, N.; Tirtayasa, K.; Adiatmika, I.P.G.; Pangkahila, A.; Sutjana, I.D.P; Bakta, I.M.; Manuaba, I.B.P; Sutajaya, I.M.
International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management Vol 1, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

The public is increasingly aware of the importance of exercise for the elderly because exercise is an option to reduce complaints due to setbacks and improve the health of the elderly. In fact the implementation in the field is often wrong as in Banjar Benaya which implements routine exercises only once a week with a duration less than 30 minutes, does not pay attention to nutritional needs, does not use sports clothing, and displays that are not clear. The measurement of elderly physical fitness is still relatively low. Based on these problems, improvements were made to the application of ergonomic elderly gymnastics due to improve elderlyâ€™s physical fitness and increase the bone mass. Â This study used a treatment by subject design conducted in April 2017-August 2018. The target population was all elderly in Denpasar and the affordable population was determined by multistage random sampling then selected Banjaya Benaya Peguyangan Village with a sample of 20 people who met the inclusion criteria. The data collection were physical fitness and bone mass. The difference in treatment effects were analyzed using a Paired Sample t-Test with Î± = 0.05 for data with normal distribution and Wilcoxon test, Î± = 0.05 for data with abnormal distribution. Data showed that there were differences in physical fitness improvement in Period I and Period II after 8 weeks of gymnastics at 43.43% with very bad categories being bad, the difference in increase in whole body bone mass was 16.76% and leg bone mass 68.67%. Analysis of Paired Sample-t-Test physical fitness data and Wilcoxon test for bone mass data in Period I and Period II after gymnastics for 8 weeks, found that there was a significant difference (p <0.05). It can be concluded that ergonomic elderly gym can significantly improve physical fitness and increase bone mass of the elderly. It is recommended that the elderly continue to exercise with a duration of 30-45 minutes, the frequency of 3 times a week to maintain elderlyâ€™s physical fitness.

Perceptions dynamics about antiretroviral treatment among HIV patients in Bali Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri; I Nyoman Sutarsa; Tuti Parwati Merati; Made Bakta; Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 10, No 3: September 2021
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v10i3.20917

Perceptions of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV) about antiretroviral treatment (ART) is crucial for improving adherence. This study aims to examine the dynamics of perceptions during the early phase of ART. A longitudinal study involving newly diagnosed PLHIV was conducted. Interviews were carried out at the time of HIV diagnosis and at three months after ART initiation. Data were analyzed by comparing proportion of good perception across the continuum of HIV diagnosis, ART initiation and threemonths follow-up, and were tested using Chi-square. From 170 PLHIV participated in the study, 81.76% had initiated ART and 73.4% remained on ART at three-months of follow-up. Several positive perception items were significantly decreased: ability to take ART at work and ability to continue treatment if experiencing side effects, effectiveness of ART, confidentiality, unwanted disclosure, and level of support from outreach workers. Ability to follow instruction from physician was significantly increased, and negative attitudes toward ART were decreased across the continuum. Adherence to ART is a continuous process, and is influenced by the dynamics perceptions among PLHIV. Understanding these dynamics is crucial to formulate strategies that can promote and maintain positive attitudes toward ART as well as living with HIV more broadly.

KADAR FERITIN SERUM DAN HEMOGLOBIN PADA WANITA PASANGAN PENGANTIN BARU DI BALI Luh Seri Ani; Made Bakta; INT Suryadhi; IN Bagiada
Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Food and Nutrition Society of Indonesia

Serum ferritin and hemoglobin concentration were used to iron deficiency anemia (IDA) tests over population. The prevalence of IDA prevalence in pregnant women were 18% over the world, 37.5% in Asia, and 46.5% in Bali. The iron supplementation that was administrated during pregnancy did not clinically proven to solve the problems. It was predicted that the IDA was existing before pregnant. So, the body iron store must be prepare before pregnancy period. This research aimed to know the serum ferritin and hemoglobin concentration in the new married women in Bali. The design of this research was descriptive cross sectional study and conducted at 276 new married women by multistage sampling method. Every participant was interviewed for characteristic data and taken blood sample to evaluate serum ferritin and hemoglobin. Serum ferritin and hemoglobin were examined by Immulite 2000 Ferritin and Sysmex SF-3000 and the data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The mean of serum ferritin and hemoglobin concentration are 29.41±20.36 µg/dl and 11.35±0.92 g/dl. The serum ferritin level proportions 20-29 µg/dl, less than 20 µg/dl, and ≥100 µg/dl are 145 (51.9%), 130 (47.1%), and 1(0.4%), eventually. The hemoglobin value <12 g/dl was found in 36.2% population and amount 63.8% population with hemoglobin value ≥12 g/dl. According on iron status, the proportion of anemia was23.6%, proportion of iron deficiency was19.2% and proportion of IDA was14.1%. Based on the result, ferritin in the new married women Bali was mostly low level but hemoglobin concentration was mostly normal. Although, they have problem in the proportion of iron deficiency, anemia and iron deficiency anemia, that were 19.2%, 23.6% and 14.1%, respectively.

Hemophilia A yang Didapat: Suatu Tinjauan tentang Diagnosis dan Manajemen I Made Bakta
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 2 No 2 (2017): November 2017
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.2.2.230.44-51

Hemophilia A yang didapat atau acquired hemophilia A (AHA) adalah penyakit perdarahan yang didapat (acquired), suatu penyakit yang jarang, penyakit autoimun yang ditandai oleh autoantibodi terhadap faktor VIII. Yang khas, penderita tidak menunjukkan riwayat perdarahan sebelumnya, datang dengan keluhan utama perdarahan spontan, terutama perdarahan kulit atau mukosa. AHA lebih banyak terjadi pada umur tua, baik pada laki maupun wanita dan dihubungkan dengan berbagai penyakit, seperti penyakit autoimun (lupus erithematosus sistemik, penyakit limfoproliferatif, artritis rematoid), keganasan atau kehamilan. Sekitar setengah dari penderita bersifat idiopatik. AHA didiagnosis jika dijumpai penderita tanpa riwayat perdarahan sebelumnya, baik personal atau keluarga, dimana pemanjangan aPTT (activated plasma thromboplastin time) tidak dapat dikoreksi setelah pencampuran dengan sejumlah volume yang sama dari plasma penderita dan plasma normal yang diinkubasi selama 2 – 4 jam pada suhu 37oC. Kadar FVIII:C menurun. Aktivitas titer inhibitor FVIII:C yang spesifik dapat dideteksi dan diukur dengan Bethesda assay atau dengan modifikasinya Nijmegen assay. Dalam pengelolaan AHA, pengendalian terhadap perdarahan merupakan prioritas pertama. Pada penderita dengan kadar inhibitor yang rendah, desmopressin dapat digunakan. Tetapi FVIII by passing agents (activated prothrombin complex concentrate atau recombinant FVIIa) diperlukan pada penderita dengan kadar inhibitor yang tinggi atau penderita dengan episode perdarahan yang berat. Secara bersamaan dilakukan eradikasi terhadap inhibitor (autoantibodi) untuk mengurangi risiko perdarahan berikutnya. Dianjurkan terapi lini pertama dengan kortikosteroid atau terapi kombinasi kortikosteroid dengan siklofosfamid. Untuk terapi lini kedua dapat dipakai rituximab, jika terapi lini pertama gagal atau terdapat kontraindikasi.Kata kunci: hemophilia yang didapat, diagnosis, manajemen. (Acquired Hemophilia A: An Overview on Diagnosis and Management)Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare acquired bleeding disorder, an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody directed against factor VIII. Typically, patients with no prior history ofbleeding disorder, present with spontaneous bleeding, especially skin and mucosal bleeding. AHA occurs more frequently in the elderly, both in male and female and may be associated with several conditions, such as autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, lymphoproliferative disease, rheumatoid arthritis), malignancies and pregnancy. Around half of the patients are idiopathic. AHA is diagnosed in patients without previous personal or family bleeding history in which prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time is not corrected after mixing and incubating for 2 – 4 hours at 37oC equal volumes of patient and normal plasma. FVIII:C levels are reduced and a specific FVIII inhibiting activity is detected and measured by the Bethesda assay or its Nijmegen modification. In the management of AHA, control of acute bleeding is the first priority. In patients with low level inhibitor, desmopressin may be used. But FVIII by passing agents (activated prothrombin complex concentrate and recombinant activated FVII) are required for patients with high titre of antibody or with serious bleeding episode. Immediate autoantibody eradication to reduce subsequent bleeding risk should be performed. It is recommended initial treatment with corticosteroid or combination therapy with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide and suggest second-line therapy with rituximab if first-line therapy is fails or is contraindicated. Keywords: acquired hemophilia A, diagnosis, management.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TERHADAP PERILAKU PEMBERANTASAN SARANG NYAMUK (PSN) SEBAGAI PENCEGAHAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI BANJAR BADUNG, DESA MELINGGIH, WILAYAH PUSKESMAS PAYANGAN TAHUN 2014 Ni Nyoman Yunita Kusuma Bakta; I Made Bakta
E-Jurnal Medika Udayana vol 4 no 6(2015):e-jurnal medika udayana
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

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Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia yang cenderung meningkat insidennya dan semakin luas penyebarannya. Terdapat peningkatan insiden DBD di Puskesmas Payangan setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap perilaku PSN sebagai pencegahan DBD di Banjar Badung, Desa Melinggih. Metode penelitian adalah studi analitik, cross sectional. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dengan pertanyaan terbuka. Besar sampel penelitian 80 orang ditentukan dengan teknik systematic sampling dan seluruhnya berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Variabel bebas adalah pengetahuan dan sikap. Variabel tergantung adalah perilaku PSN. Hasil menunjukkan karakteristik responden yaitu usia 20-50 tahun (80%), pendidikan SMA (35%), pekerjaan wiraswasta (41,25%). Tujuh tempat penampungan air terbanyak yang dimiliki yaitu bak mandi (100%), tempat tirtha (100%), tempat payung di sanggah (100%), gentong/tempayan/ember (100%), tempat minum burung (52,5%), pelepah daun (47,5%), dan kaleng bekas (42.5%). Analisis data dengan chi square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap perilaku PSN, dengan nilai signifikansi (p) masing-masing <0,0001 dan <0,0001. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan tentang demam berdarah dengue, dan sikap yang mendukung perilaku PSN berhubungan secara signifikan dengan perilaku PSN, dimana semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan, semakin baik pengetahuan tentang demam berdarah dan dengan sikap yang mendukung PSN, maka akan dilakukan perilaku PSN yang benar.

Pemakaian Herbal Serbuk Biji Pepaya Matang dalam Pengendalian Infeksi Ascaris suum pada Babi Ida Bagus Komang Ardana; I Made Bakta; I Made Damriyasa
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 12 No 4 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

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A study on vermisidal effect of ripe papaya seed powder against egg and worm of A.suum in landracepig was done. Twenty four pigs age 8-12 weeks were used in this study using pre-test and post-test groupexperimental design. The pigs were randomly divided into four groups : a group of pigs with no treatmentas a control (P0) and other three groups were given 1 g/kg body weigh (P1), 3 g/kg bw (P2) during threeconsecutive days and treated with 12.5% zodalben oral 0.5 mg of albendazole (P3). The number of A.suumand its eggs per gram (EPG) were identified by using international harmonization and anthelminticefficacy guideline. Then follow by observation and calculation of EPG, fecal egg count reduction (FECR),and the efficacy of the powder for seven days. The result showed there was a significant lower number ofA.suum infestation in the treated group of pigs compared to the control group as it was shown by theincrease of the efficacy against worms and the FECR value. However, there were different effects on theefficacy and FECR between the group that treated with 1 g/kg bw of the ripe papaya seed powder (efficacy75% and FECR 92.4%) compared to the groups that treated with 3 g/kg bw of the seed powder, and treatedwith zodalben 12.5% (both efficacy and FECR were 100%). It can be concluded that herbal powder of ripepapaya seed has a potential effect to be vermisidal, especially for A.suum.

IDENTIFICATION OF THERAPY PROFILE AND FACTORS RELATED TO INCIDENCE OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN DENPASAR-BALI Anisa Hanum; Made Krisna Adi Jaya; I Made Bakta
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol 2 No 1 (2020): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

Background: Tuberculosis is a problem for millions of people around the world. Indonesia as the second biggest country with the highest number of Pulmonary Tuberculosis that treatment has improved gradually. Denpasar is a city with the highest sufferers in Bali. It’s caused by the high rate of population, dense human settlement, and other related factors. Objective: Profiling incident and pulmonary tuberculosis treatment in Denpasar City primary health care. Methods: Observational study with cross-sectional analytic approaches. Forty pulmonary tuberculosis patients and One hundred twenty non-tuberculosis patients were observed in this study. Those were taken by multistage random sampling. Data were collected from medical records and questionnaires. A Chi-Square test was used for analyzing data. Results: Pulmonary tuberculosis sufferers are in productive ages which 65% were men. The treatment profile was excellently seen from the final treatment results of 31 people recovered and 9 people with complete treatment. Factors that have a statistical relation with pulmonary tuberculosis were occupation (p=0,012), income (p=0.003), smoking behavior (p=0.001), and contact history (p=0.001). The other factors with no relationship were education (p=0.270) and occupancy density (p=0.540). Conclusion: Pay attention to the caused factors of tuberculosis infection; society is suggested to implement a healthy lifestyle, maintain home sanitation, and environment. Keywords: Factor Related, Pulmonary, Tuberculosis, Primary Health Care, Denpasar City

Co-Authors - Murtiananingsih, - - Saimi, - A. A. Mas-Putrawati AAG Sudewa D. Adi Purwa Hita, I Putu Gede Alma Lystia Savitri Mahayasa Ambrosius Purba Anisa Hanum Anwar Santosa Ariati, N.N. Arundina Sanyoto Astawa N. M., Astawa N. Astawa P., Astawa Brad Otto Budha K. Claire Ryan Daniel Womsiwor Dewa Nyoman Wirawan Dewa Nyoman Wirawan, Dewa Nyoman Dharmayuda, Tjokorda Gede Dhiancinantyan Windydaca Brata Putri Djoko Roeshadi Duarsa, Dyah Paramita Dwidjayanti, Ni Kadek Candra Dyah Kanya Wati Dyah Pradnya P.D., Dyah Pradnya Dyah Pradnya Paramitha Duarsa Dyah Pradnya Paramitha Duarsa, Dyah Pradnya Paramitha Dyah Pradnyaparamita D, Dyah Pradnyaparamita Ekaputra Ekaputra, Ekaputra Gusti Putu Surya H. S. Habiba Muhiddin, H. S. Habiba Hari Bagianto I Dewa Made Sukrama I Dewa Nyoman Wirawan I Dewa Putu Sutjana I Ketut Agus Somia I Ketut Suastika I Ketut Suyasa I Made Ady Wirawan I Made Damriyasa I Made Duwi Sumohadi I Made Jawi I Made Jawi I Made Sudarmaja I Made Susila Utama I N Agus Bagiada I NYOMAN ADI SURATMA I Nyoman Arhya I Nyoman Budi Hartawan I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya I NYOMAN MANTIK ASTAWA I Nyoman Sutarsa I Putu Budi Wibawa I Putu Gede Adiatmika I Putu Suiraoka I Putu Wantera I Wayan Losen Adnyan I Wayan Losen Adnyana I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa I Wayan Suranadi I Wayan Wita Ida Bagus Gede Suparyatha Ida Bagus Komang Ardana Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba Ida Bagus Subanada IN Agus Bagiada IN Bagiada INT Suryadhi INT Suryadhi J. A. Pangkahila Karjono M, Karjono Ketut Siki Kawiyana Ketut Suata Ketut Suega Ketut Suega Ketut Suryana Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati Kusuma, Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya Lesmana, Cokorda Agung Bagus Jaya Levi Anatolia Losen Adnyan Ludirdja, Evan Pratama LUH MERTASARI . Luh Seri Ani Made Jawi Made Krisna Adi Jaya Made Wiryana Manuaba, I.B.P Mirandinha Fortuna Sarmento Madeira, Angie N Adiputra N. Adiputra N. K. Niti Susila, N. K. Ni Made Andrinia Ratih Sri Indarswari Ni Nyoman Yunita Kusuma Bakta Ni Putu Aryati Suryaningsih Nita Fitria P. Astawa Purnamawati, Susy R. A.T. Kuswardhani Rena, Ni Made Renny A Rena, Ni Made Renny Anggreni Renny A Rena Rudi Wisaksana Santosa, I Gusti Ngurah Putra Eka Satoto D., Satoto Sawitri, Anak Agung Sagung Shannon Turnbul Sri Maliawan Sumohadi, I Made Duwi Suryadi N. T., Suryadi N. Sutajaya, I.M. Sutema, Ida Ayu Manik Partha Tirtayasa, K. Tjok Darmayuda Tjok Gde Darmayuda Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Dharmayuda Tjokorda Gde Dharmayuda Tuti Parwati Merati W. A., W. Winarto, Daniel Wiryana M., Wiryana Wulansari Manuaba, Ida Ayu Ratih Xavier Leverve Yenny Kandarini

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