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Journal : Control Systems and Optimization Letters

Motion System of a Four-Wheeled Robot Using a PID Controller Based on MPU and Rotary Encoder Sensors Sagita, Muhamad Rian; Ma’arif, Alfian; Furizal, Furizal; Rekik, Chokri; Caesarendra, Wahyu; Majdoubi, Rania
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 2, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v2i2.150

Abstract

This research addresses the challenge of developing an effective motion system for a four-wheeled omnidirectional robot configured with wheels at a 45-degree angle, allowing for holonomic movement—motion in any direction without changing orientation. In this system, inverse kinematics calculates each wheel's angular velocity to optimize movement. PID control is implemented to stabilize motor speeds, while odometry guides and determines the robot’s position using initial and target coordinates. The robot operates on a 12-volt power supply and two STM32F103C microcontrollers, utilizing an MPU6050 sensor to maintain orientation and optical rotary encoders for accurate positional tracking. Experimental results demonstrate that the robot achieves optimal motion on x and y axes with PID settings of kP = 0.8, kI = 1.0, and kD = 0.08. This configuration yields a rise time of 0.95 seconds, overshoot of 7.36%, and steady-state error of -0.5 RPM at a setpoint of 350 RPM. Using odometry, the robot successfully navigates various movement patterns with average position errors of 1.2% on the x-axis and 1.6% on the y-axis for rectangular patterns, 2.1% on the x-axis and 2.2% on the y-axis for zig-zag patterns, and 1.75% on the x-axis and 1.15% on the y-axis for triangular patterns. The MPU6050 sensor maintains orientation with an error of 0.65% in triangular patterns and 0.85% in rectangular patterns. Through inverse kinematics, PID control, and sensor integration, the robot reliably follows designated coordinate points.
Co-Authors Abdullayev, Vugar Achmad Widodo Ade Silvia Handayani Agus Sudarmanto Agus Wantoro Ahmad Rofii Ahmad Taqwa Ahmed, Abdussalam Ali Alfian Ma’arif Anant Athavale, Vijay Andini, Dwi Yana Ayu Ariesma Githa Giovany Ariswati, Her Gumiwang Aryananda, Rangga Laksana Asriyadi Asriyadi Brilliant, Muhammad Zidan Busono Soerowirdjo Dewi, Deshinta Arrova Dian Setioningsih, Endang Dian Setioningsih1 Dwi Kartini Dwi Kartini, Dwi DWI RAMADHANI Edison, Rizki Edmi Endro Yulianto Eva Yulia Puspaningrum Fadillah, Wa Ode Nurul Faikul Umam Faiza, Linda Ziyadatul Fara Disa Durry Faris, Fakhri Al Fatma Indriani Fitriana, Lutfatul Furizal, Furizal Gołdasz, Iwona Gupta, Munish Kumar Herianto Herianto Hidayat, Fathur Rachman Humairah, Sayyidah Ichwan Dwi Nugraha Ikna Awaliyani Irwan Budiman Irwan Budiman Joga Dharma Setiawan Krolczyk, Grzegorz Leni Novianti Luthfiyah, Sari Maharani, Siti Mutia Mahmood, Muhammad Azim Mahmud Mahmud MAJDOUBI, Rania Mas Diyasa, I Gede Susrama Mochammad Ariyanto Mochammad Denny Surindra Muhammad Abdillah Muhammad Fuad Muhammad Reza Faisal, Muhammad Reza Muliadi Nyayu Latifah Husni, Nyayu Latifah Pamanasari, Elta Diah Pranoto, Kirana Astari Putri, Farika Radityo Adi Nugroho Rahardja, Dimas Revindra Rahman, M. Arief Ramadhan, Bahrurrizki Ramadhan, Yogi Reza REKIK, Chokri Rozaq, Hasri Akbar Awal Rudi Irawan Sagita, Muhamad Rian Samudra, Alan Saragih, Triando Hamonangan Seno Darmanto Septiani, Fahira Setiawan, Joga D Setiawan, Nurman Siena, Laifansan Silvian, Fawaida Sitompul, Carlos R Sri Hastuty, Sri Sri Utami Handayani Sumarti, Heni Suwarno, Iswanto Triwiyanto , Triwiyanto Triyanna Widiyaningtyas Utomo, Bedjo V.H, Abdullayev W, Kusnanto Mukti Wahyu Dwi Lestari YILDIZ, Oktay Yuliana, Aviv Fitria Zy, Ahmad Turmudi