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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Jurnal Veteriner Jurnal Ilmu Dasar Journal of Applied Chemical Science Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Indonesian Journal of Cancer Agrica: Journal of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine Indonesian Journal of Cancer Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
I Made Dira Swantara
Program Studi Kimia FMIPA Universitas Udayana, Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary

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IDENTIFIKASI FRAKSI AKTIF BAKTERISIDA PADA RIMPANG LEMPUYANG (Zingiber gramineum Blume) I Made Dira Swantara
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 4 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Telah diisolasi dan diidentifikasi fraksi yang bersifat bakterisida pada rimpang Lempuyang (Zingiber gramineumBlum bark). Isolasi dengan cara partisi menggunakan pelarut n-heksan, kloroform dan etil asetat. Ektrak yang aktif bersifat bakterisida (ekstrak etil asetat) dipisahkan menggunakan kromatografi kolom menggunakan eluen campuran benzene-kloroform (3:2). Uji aktifitas bakterisida isolate ini menggunakan bioindikator Micrococcus luteus dan Eschericia coli juga telah dilakukan. Struktur kimia senyawanya diidentifikasi menggunakan kromatografi gas – spektrometri  massa (GC-MS) yang dilengkapi dengan library Wiley 275L. Fraksi yang aktif bersifat bakterisida terhadap E. coli mengandung empat senyawa yaitu ester etil heksadekanoat, ester etil linoleat, ester etil oleat, dan ester etil oktadekanoat. Sedangkan fraksi yang aktif bersifat bakterisida terhadap M. Luteus mengandung empat senyawa yaitu asam heksadekanoat, asam 9,12-oktadekadienoat, asam oktadek-9-enoat, dan ester dioktil heksadioat.   ABSTRACT: Bactericide fraction has been isolated and identified from Zingiber gramineum Blume bark. The isolation was carried out using partition method with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate eluents. The active bactericide of the extract (ethyl acetate extract) has  been isolated by  column chromatograpic method using benzene-chloroform (3:2) eluent system. The activity test of that isolate using Micrococcus luteus and Eschericia coli was also carried out The chemical  structure of the compound was identified  using gas chromatography-spectroscopy massa (GC-MS) with Wiley 275L library. The active fraction on E. coli contains hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester;  linoleic acid, ethyl ester; oleic acid, ethyl ester; and octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester. The active fraction on M. luteus contains octadecnoic acid; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid; octadec-9-enoic acid; and hexadioic acid, dioctyl ester.    
TOKSISITAS ISOLAT DARI EKSTRAK METANOL SPONS Clathria (Thalysias) sp TERHADAP LARVA Artemia salina L. Putu Lakustini Cahyaningrum; I Made Dira Swantara; I Gede Mahardika
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK : Telah dilakukan uji toksisitas dari ekstrak metanol spons Clathria (Thalysias) sp dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) menggunakan larva Artemia salina L. Ekstrak metanol spons Clathria (Thalysias) sp dipartisi dengan pelarut n-heksana, kloroform dan air. Partisi dari 19,31 gram ekstrak metanol menghasilkan ekstrak n-heksan sebanyak 1,93 gram, ekstrak kloroform sebanyak 2,48 gram, dan ekstrak air sebanyak 12,17 gram. Hasil uji toksisitas menunjukkan ekstrak kloroform memiliki toksisitas paling tinggi dengan LC50 64,57 ppm. Selanjutnya Ekstrak kloroform dipisahkan dengan kromatografi kolom silika gel menggunakan eluen n-heksana : etil asetat (8:2), diperoleh 4 fraksi yaitu  FA, FB, FC, dan FD. Fraksi B (FB) memberikan nilai toksisitas paling tinggi dengan nilai LC50 72,44 ppm. Identifikasi isolat FB dilakukan dengan uji fitokimia yang menunjukkan adanya senyawa steroid.ABSTRACT : Toxicity tests have been conducted of the methanol extract of the sponge Clathria (Thalysias) sp with methods Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) using larvae of Artemia salina L. Methanol extract of the sponge Clathria (Thalysias) sp was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform and water. Partitioning of 19.31 grams of methanol extract with n-hexane yielded as much as 1.93 grams, 2.48 grams of total chloroform extract, and as much as 12.17 grams of water extract. The toxicity test showed that chloroform extract had the highest toxicity with LC50 of 64.57 ppm. Furthermore chloroform extract was separated by silica gel column chromatography using n-hexane eluent: ethyl acetate (8: 2), obtained 4 fractions which were FA, FB, FC, and FD. Fraction B (FB) provides the highest value of toxicity LC50 value of 72.44 ppm. Identification of isolates FB conducted by phytochemical test that indicates that the presence of steroid compounds. 
UJI TOKSISITAS DAN IDENTIFIKASI EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONS Callyspongia aerizusa TERHADAP LARVA Artemia salina L. Made Rai Rahayu; James Sibarani; I Made Dira Swantara
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Volume 1, No. 1, 2013
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Identification of active compounds extracted from marine sponge Callyspongia aerizusa and their toxicity against  Artemia salina L. larvae using BSLT method had been carried out. Partition of the ethanol extract using n-hexane, chloroform and water was conducted and we found that the chloroform fractions was the most toxic with LC50 of 43.65 ppm. The chloroform fractions were then separated by column chromatography using chloroform: ethyl acetate (7:3) as eluent and 5 fractions (FA-FE) were obtained. Fraction A was the most toxic with LC50 of 52.48 ppm. Identification the chemical compounds of the toxic isolates (FA) was conducted by using GC-MS showing eight (8) compounds which are hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9-heneicosene, 9-ctadecenoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis-(2-ethylhexyl) ester, octacosane, n-heneicosane, and tetratetracontane.
POTENSI FLAVONOID EKSTRAK BIJI MAHONI (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) UNTUK MENURUNKAN KONSENTRASI 8-OHdG PADA URIN TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN YANG TERPAPAR ETANOL Agung Ari Chandra Wibawa; I Made Dira Swantara; Manuntun Manurung
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 4 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan fraksi aktif senyawa flavonoid  biji mahoni sebagai antioksidan untuk menurunkan konsentrasi 8-OHdG dalam urin tikus yang terpapar etanol. Uji kadar total flavonoid pada fraksi dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis yang menunjukan fraksi n-butanol mengandung flavonoid terbanyak yaitu sebesar 41,734 mg/L. Pengukuran konsentrasi 8-OHdG dilakukan dengan ELISA pada panjang gelombang 450 nm. Hasil analisis dengan ELISA, dosis 50, 100, 150, dan 200 mg/kg selama 21 hari bb terbukti dapat menurunkan konsentrasi 8-OHdG pada urin tikus yang terpapar etanol selama 30 hari. Konsentrasi 8-OHdG pada perlakuan fraksi n-butanol dosis 50, 100, 150, dan 200 mg/kg bb, secara berturut-turut dapat diprediksi membutuhkan waktu selama 64, 66, 54, dan 32 hari agar konsentrasi 8-OHdG menjadi 0,3318 ng/mL.   ABSTRACT : This study aims to determine the active fraction flavonoid compounds in mahoni seeds as the antioxidant in decreasing urinary concentration of 8-OHdG in rats after being exposed to ethanol. Total flavonoid test was conducted using spectrophotometry UV-Vis method showing that n-buthanol fraction has the highest flavonoid level of 41,73 mg/L. The measurement of urinary 8-OHdG concentration has been carried out by ELISA on wavelength of 450 nm. The results showed that the concentration of 8-OHdG with dose of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg of body weight decreased during 21 days in male rats after being exposed to ethanol. The 8-OHdG concentration after treatment with  n-buthanol fractions with doses of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg of body weight was predicted to be 0,3318 ng/mL after 64, 66, 54, 31 days respectively.
TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAN ISOLAT RUMPUT LAUT Eucheuma spinosum Melisa Anggraini; I Made Dira Swantara; I Made Sukadana
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 9 No 1 (2021): Cakra Kimia (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Rumput laut memiliki peran sebagai penjaga kestabilan ekosistem laut, tempat hidup dan perlindungan bagi biota lain, serta memiliki potensi ekonomis sebagai bahan baku kesehatan. Beberapa spesies rumput laut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kesehatan karena mengandung senyawa kimia yang memiliki aktivitas biologis. Eucheuma spinosum mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, triterpernoid, dan steroid. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai toksisitas dan kandungan senyawa aktif yang terdapat dalam E. spinosum. Uji toksisitas dilakukan menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dan identifikasi senyawa dilakukan dengan uji fitokimia. Proses ekstraksi 6 kg E. spinosum segar dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menghasilkan 12.78 g ekstrak kasar. Selanjutnya ekstrak kasar dipartisi menghasilkan 5.84 g ekstrak heksana, 0.54 g ekstrak kloroform dan 0.52 g ekstrak n-butanol yang masing-masing memiliki nilai LC50­ berturut-turut sebesar 75.199; 115.577; dan 549.499 ppm. Ekstrak n-heksana menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap alkaloid dan steroid. Pemisahan ekstrak n-heksana dengan kromatografi kolom menghasilkan empat fraksi dengan fraksi B memiliki toksisitas tertinggi sebesar 44.254 ppm. ABSTRACT: Seaweed has a role as the stability guard of the marine ecosystem, living place, and sanctuary for others and has economical potential as health materials. Several species of seaweed can be used for health cause it is contained chemicals that have biological activity. Eucheuma spinosum contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, triterpenoid, and steroid. This research aim is to find out more about active compounds that can be found in E. spinosum. The toxicity is determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and the compound is identified using phytochemical screening. Extraction of 6 kg of fresh E. spinosum was using maceration method generated 12.78 g of crude extract. The crude extract is partitioned generated 5.84 g of n-hexane extract, 0.54 g of chloroform extract dan 0.52 g of n-butanol extract which consecutively showed LC50 75.199; 115.577; and 549.499 ppm. The n-hexane extract showed contains alkaloid and steroid. The n-hexane extract is separated by chromatography column generated 4 fractions which are fraction B has the highest toxicity with LC50 44.254 ppm.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SENYAWA FLAVONOID EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI TERONG BELANDA (Solanum betaceum, syn) DALAM MENGHAMBAT REAKSI PEROKSIDASI LEMAK PADA PLASMA DARAH TIKUS WISTAR Ni Wayan Oktarini A.C.Dewi; Ni Made Puspawati; I Made Dira Swantara; Ida Ayu Raka Astiti Asih; Wiwik Susana Rita
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 2 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari biji terong belanda dalam menghambat reaksi peroksidasi lemak plasma darah pada tikus dan menentukan golongan flavonoid yang aktif sebagai antioksidan. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH dan pengukuran kadar MDA darah tikus Wistar. Partisi ekstrak etanol biji menghasilkan fraksi n-heksan, etil asetat, dan n-butanol. Fraksi etil asetat dan n-butanol positif mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan lebih besar dengan nilai IC50 1162,608 ppm. Fraksi etil asetat dipisahkan dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan eluen n-heksan:etil asetat:n-butanol (6:4:0,1), diperoleh dua fraksi (Fraksi A dan fraksi B). Analisis dengan spektroskopi inframerah menunjukkan bahwa kedua isolat diduga mengandung gugus fungsi yang sama (OH, CH, C=O, C=C aromatik, C-O, CH alifatik. Analisis dengan spektroskopi UV-Vis diindikasikan bahwa fraksi A merupakan golongan dihidroflavonol dengan gugus hidroksi pada cincin A yaitu pada atom C-6, C-7 atau C-7, C-8 dan fraksi B merupakan golongan flavanon dengan gugus hidroksi pada cincin A yaitu pada atol C-7 dan C-8. Hasil analisis statistik pada pengukuran kadar MDA darah tikus Wistar menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat dengan dosis 200 mg/kgBB mampu menurunkan kadar MDA darah tikus Wistar yang diberi aktivitas fisik maksimal. Kata kunci : Solanum betaceum, syn, malondialdehid, peroksidasi lemak, flavonoid ABSTRACT : The aims of this study are to determine the antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds extracted from  Dutch eggplant seeds in inhibiting lipid peroxidation reactions in the Wistar rat blood plasma and to determine the active flavonoid compounds as antioxidants. The test of antioxidant activity was carried out with DPPH (diphenilpikril hidrazil) method and measurment of MDA (malondialdehyde) level of blood of the Wistar rats. The ethanol extract with partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetat, and n-butanol. Fractions of ethyl acetate and n-butanol positively contain flavonoids. The test of antioxidant activity by DPPH method showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1162.608 ppm. Further, ethyl acetate fraction was separated by column chromatography using the mixture of n – hexane, ethyl acetate, water eluent ( 6:4:0,1 ) and it was obtained two fractions (named as fraction A and B). The analysis by infrared spectroscopy showed that the two isolates were suspected to be having similar functional groups (OH, CH, C=O, C=C aromatic, C-O and CH aliphatic). Analysis by UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated that fraction A was dihydroflavonol containing hydroxyl group on ring A located at C-6 and C-7 or C-7 and C-8 while the fraction B was flavanon containing hydroxyl group on ring A located at of C-7 and C-8. Statistic analysis of MDA level of the Wistar rat blood plasma showed a significant effect on MDA level where the dose of 200 mg/kgBW of the ethyl acetate fraction could decrease the MDA level of the Wistar rats blood plasma after they were forced to do maximum physical activities.
AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR EKSTRAK n-BUTANOL DARI DAUN TREMBESI (Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr) TERHADAP JAMUR Candida albicans DAN PENENTUAN TOTAL FLAVONOID Adi Djona Silaen; Wiwik Susanah Rita; I Made Dira Swantara
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 8 No 1 (2020): Volume 8, Nomor 1, 2020
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK. Daun trembesi (Albizia saman (Jacq) Merr) belum banyak dimanfaatkan oleh banyak orang meskipun daun trembesi dapat digunakan sebagai obat antijamur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak n-butanol daun trembesi terhadap jamur Candida albicans serta mengetahui kandungan total flavonoid pada ekstrak n-butanol. Ekstraksi daun trembesi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi dan partisi, pengujian aktivasi antijamur dengan metode sumur difusi, dan penentuan kandungan total flavonoid dilakukan dengan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Maserasi 700 g serbuk daun trembesi menghasilkan 68,95 g ekstrak etanol. Hasil partisi menggunakan n-heksana, kloroform, dan n-butanol berturut-turut 34,59; 8,92; dan 4,23 g. Hasil uji antijamur terhadap C. albicans menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-butanol 30% memiliki aktivitas yang paling tinggi. Nilai Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak n-butanol sebesar 10% dengan diameter hambat 7 mm. ABSTRACT. Leaves of Trembesi (Albizia saman (Jacq) Merr) has not been used commonly by people eventhough the leaves can be applied as antifungal. The aims of this study were to reveal the activity n-butanol extract against Candida albicans and to determine the total content of flavonoid. Extraction of the trembesi leaves was done by maceration and partition method. The antifungal activity was determined by wells diffusion method, and determination of the total flavonoid was done by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Maceration of 700 grams of the trembesi leaves produced 68.95 grams of crude ethanol extract. The partition process using n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol produced 34.59, 8.92, and 4.23 grams of extracts respectively. The results of antifungal test on C. albicans showed that 30% of n-butanol extract had the highest activity compared to the extract of n-hexane and chloroform. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of n-butanol extract was 10% with an inhibition diameter of 7 mm.
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA AKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PARE (Momordica charantia) YANG DAPAT MENURUNKAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH. Ketut Sepdyana Kartini; I Made Dira Swantara; I Nyoman Suartha
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK : Telah dilakukan penelitian isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa aktif yang dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dari ekstrak etanol buah pare terhadap tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus) yang diinduksi aloksan. Ekstrak etanol buah pare dipartisi dengan n-heksana, kloroform, dan n-butanol. Berdasarkan hasil uji, fraksi n-heksana paling cepat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada hari ke-14. Fraksi n-heksana selanjutnya dipisahkan dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan eluen n-heksana : etil asetat (6 : 4,5) diperoleh 5 fraksi (FA - FE). Berdasarkan hasil uji, fraksi A merupakan fraksi yang paling aktif menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dibandingkan fraksi lainnya (fraksi B, C, D, E). Fraksi A dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada hari ke-7. Hasil identifikasi isolat aktif (FA) menggunakan GC-MS menunjukkan adanya 10 senyawa yaitu  n-tetradekana, metil dodekanoat, metil heksadekanoat, etil heksadekanoat, metil-9,12oktadekadienoat, metil-9-oktadekenoat, metil oktadekanoat, etil oktadekanoat, metil-9cis-11trans-13trans oktadekatrienoat, dan mono (2-etilheksil)-1,2-benzenadikarboksilat.ABSTRACT : The aim of this research was to isolate and identify the active compounds from ethanol extract of bitter melon fruit to reduce the blood glucose levels of male mice (Rattus novergicus) which was alloxan induced. Partition of the ethanol extract using n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol was conducted and we found that the n-hexane fractions was the fastest to reduce blood glucose levels on day 14. The n-hexane fractions were then separated by coloumn chromatography using n-hexane: ethyl acetate (6: 4,5) as eluent and five fractions (FA - FE) were obtained. Based on the test result, fraction A was the most active fraction to reduce the blood glucose levels than other fractions (fractions B, C, D, E). The fraction A could reduce blood glucose levels on day 7. Identification of the active isolates (FA) was conducted by using GC-MS showed 10 compounds which were n-tetradecane, methyl dodecanoate, methyl hexadecanoate, ethyl hexadecanoate, methyl-9,12octadecadienoate, methyl-9-octadecenoate, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid ethyl ester, methyl-9cis-11trans-13trans octadecatrienoate, and 1,2-benzenadikarboxylic acid mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester.
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI CAMPURAN LIMBAH NASI DAN KULIT PISANG Ni Made Sukma Sanjiwani; Wiwik Susanah Rita; I Made Dira Swantara
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 6 No 2 (2018): Volume 6, Nomor 2, 2018
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Kulit pisang dan nasi merupakan limbah dari upacara keagamaan di Bali yang terbuang. Pembuatan bioetanol dilakukan untuk memanfaatkan limbah tersebut. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan bioetanol campuran nasi dan kulit pisang. Campuran nasi dan kulit pisang yang digunakan dengan perbandingan 10:0; 7:3; 5:5; 3:7; dan 0:10. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kadar bioetanol yang diperoleh pada waktu fermentasi optimum. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi beberapa tahap, yaitu tahapan persiapan sampel, hidrolisis nasi dan kulit pisang secara fisik dengan cara perebusan dan kimia dengan penambahan H2SO4, penentuan kadar gula pereduksi (Metode Nelson Semogyi), fermentasi, destilasi, dan penentuan kadar bioetanol menggunakan kromatografi gas. Kadar gula pereduksi tertinggi pada hidrolisis secara fisik (9,35%) dihasilkan dari campuran nasi dan kulit pisang (7:3) dengan waktu perebusan 50 menit, sedangkan kadar gula pereduksi tertinggi pada hidrolisis secara kimia (5,75%) dihasilkan dari campuran nasi dan kulit pisang (3:7) dengan konsentrasi H2SO4 1%. Waktu optimum yang diperlukan pada proses fermentasi campuran nasi dan kulit pisang pada hidrolisat secara fisik dan kimia menggunakan ragi tape berturut–turut 7 dan 6 hari, dengan kadar etanol masing–masing sebesar 4,17 dan 1,65%. Kata kunci: bioetanol, destilasi, fermentasi, gula pereduksi, hidrolisis, limbah kulit pisang dan nasi ABSTRACT: Banana peels and cooking rice are mostly becoming waste after Balinese religion ceremonies. Bioethanol production is carried out to utilize the waste. In this research, bioethanol mixture of cooking rice and banana peels is made. A mixture of cooking rice and banana peels used was with a ratio of 10:0; 7:3; 5:5; 3:7; and 0:10. The purpose of this research was to determine the content of bioethanol obtained at the optimum fermentation time. This research was divided into several stages, namely sample preparation stage, hydrolysis of cooking rice and banana peels physically by boiling and chemically with the addition of H2SO4, determination of reducing sugar content (Nelson Semogyi Method), fermentation, distillation, and determination of bioethanol content using Gas Chromatography. The highest reducing sugar content in physical hydrolysis (9,35%) was produced from a mixture of cooking rice and banana peels (7:3) with a boiling time of 50 minutes, while the highest reducing sugar content in chemical hydrolysis (5,75%) was produced from the mixture cooking rice and banana peels (3:7) with concentration H2SO4 1%. The optimum time required for the fermentation process on a hydrolyzate physically and chemically using yeast respectively 7 and 6 days, with ethanol content were respectively 4,17 and 1,65%.
IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIKANKER EKSTRAK SPONS Ianthella basta TERHADAP LARVA Artemia salina L. Ni Wayan Sri Sukmarianti; Ni Made Suaniti; I Made Dira Swantara
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Volume 1, No. 1, 2013
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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The main purpose of this research is to determine the toxicity of extracts sponge Ianthella basta against Artemia salina larvae and to identify the chemical compounds contained in those toxic isolates. The preliminary test of the anticancer activity has conducted by Brine Shrimp Letalithy (BST) test. The results showed that the chloroform extract was the most toxic with LC50 value of 22,39 ppm. Futher, the cloroform extract was separated and purified by coloumn chromatography using eluent of solvent mixture of chloroform : ethyl acetate : n-hexane by 7 : 2 : 1 and 4 fractions were obtained. The most toxic fraction was the fraction C with LC50 value of 35,36 ppm. Based on the GC-MS results, the toxic isolate is allegedly containing chemicals compound of hexadecanoic methyl ester and hexadecanoic acid.
Co-Authors A. A. Bawa Putra A. A. Indah Purna Dewi Adi Djona Silaen Agung Ari Chandra Wibawa Agus Supriyono C. T. Theodora Dionisius Tungga HERNINDYA, ANISA I Gede Mahardika I GustiKetut Suarjana I M, Sukadana I Made Adi Suardhyana I Made Merdana I Nyoman Suartha I P. Surya Udayana I Putu Sudiarta I Wayan Gede Gunawan I Wayan Suirta I. A. R. Astiti Asih Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa James Sibarani Jamhari Jamhari Kadek Dewi Wirmandiyanthi Ketut Sepdyana Kartini Luh Made Sudimartini Made Rai Rahayu Manuntun Manurung Melisa Anggraini Mila Trinoviani N.K. Sinarsih Ni Komang Ariati Ni Komang Ayu Kumala Dewi Ni Luh Indra Dewi Senisk Ni Luh Rustini Ni Luh Yuli Damayanti Ni Made Diani Ni Made Dwi Desiyanti Ni Made Puspawati Ni Made Suaniti Ni Made Sukma Sanjiwani Ni Made Susita Pratiwi Ni Wayan Oktarini A.C.Dewi Ni Wayan Sri Sukmarianti Osamu Iitsuka P. A. Damayanti Putu Lakustini Cahyaningrum Retno Kawuri Riski Fatur Rachman Rr Anisa Hernindy Rr. Anisa Hernindya Sagun Chandra Yowani SRI LESTARI Sry Agustina Tungga , Dionisius W. S. Rita Wiwik Susana Rita WIWIK SUSANAH RITA Yenni Ciawi