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IN VITRO TESTING OF CLOVE EXTRACTS IN INHIBITING AND KILLING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI Nadia Dwi Rahmawati; Tri Nur Kristina; Endang Sri Lestari; Hardian Hardian
JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL) Vol 10, No 1 (2021): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v10i1.29420

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea that could be caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli can be prevented by increasing hand hygiene using alcohol-based hand rub, but frequent use might cause skin irritation. Replacing alcohol with herbs could avoid this side effect. Cloves have been proved to have antibacterial properties. However, most researches used complex extraction methods that might not be applicable on a household scale.Objective: To prove that clove extracts have ability to inhibit and to kill S. aureus and E. coli.Methods: This is an experimental study by using post-test only control group design. Clove extract was obtained with simple aqueous maceration. Samples were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 allocated into six groups: clove extracts at concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100% respectively; 70% alcohol as a positive control; and aquadest as a negative control. Each group was given 5 repetitions of intervention. MIC was measured with dilution method, while MBC with streak method. Negative controls were only used to monitor the quality of this work.Results: MIC of S. aureus was started at 50% concentration of clove extract, while MBC of S. aureus was started at 25 % concentration of the same extract. MIC and MBC of E. coli was both started at 25% concentration of clove extract. MIC and MBC of 100% concentration of clove extract were equal with 70% alcohol.Conclusion: Concentration of 100% clove extracts have similar ability with 70% alcohol to inhibit and to kill S. aureus and E. coli. Keywords: Clove Extracts, Escherichia coli, MBC, MIC, Staphylococcus aureus
KEPATUHAN CUCI TANGAN PETUGAS RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT NASIONAL DIPONEGORO SEMARANG Rahma Athifah Amelia; Winarto Winarto; Purnomo Hadi; Endang Sri Lestari
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 9, No 3 (2020): DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL ( Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro )
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (467.495 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v9i3.27512

Abstract

Latar belakang : Cuci tangan merupakan tindakan efektif untuk mencegah transmisi patogen dari petugas medis ke pasien maupun sebaliknya, untuk pencegahan infeksi nosokomial, namun tidak fokus pada kegiatan cuci tangannya saja, tetapi juga tingkat kepatuhan pelaksanaan cuci tangan itu sendiri. Perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang tingkat kepatuhan pelaksanaan cuci tangan tersebut. Tujuan : Mengetahui kepatuhan cuci tangan petugas rawat inap Rumah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro Semarang. Metode :  Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah petugas rawat inap di ruang Lavender, Chrysant, Gladiol, dan ICU. Penelitian dilakukan selama periode Mei-Juni 2018. Alat yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi indikasi 5 momen WHO dan lembar kuesioner menilai karakteristik sampel. Data yang didapatkan dianalisa menggunakan analisa univariat. Hasil : Dari 441 indikasi 5 momen cuci tangan didapatkan kepatuhan cuci tangan sebanyak 221 (50.1%). Ruang dengan kepatuhan tertinggi adalah Lavender (84.1%) diikuti ruang ICU (60.9%), ruang Chrysant (42.9%), dan ruang Galdiol (36.8%). Profesi dengan kepatuhan tertinggi adalah dokter (60%). Pendidikan terakhir terbanyak adalah D3 (40.5%). Sebanyak 72.6% petugas rawat inap sudah bekerja selama 1-4 tahun. Beberapa faktor potensial yang berpengaruh terhadap angka kepatuhan cuci tangan adalah pengetahuan, persepsi tentang pentingnya cuci tangan, keuntungan cuci tangan, hambatan cuci tangan, motivasi cuci tangan dan sikap. Simpulan : Kepatuhan cuci tangan petugas rawat inap Rumah sakit Nasional Diponegoro Semarang adalah 50.1%.
KUALITAS PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA KASUS BEDAH SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH KAMPANYE PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK SECARA BIJAK DI SEBUAH RUMAH SAKIT PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA Catharina Catharina; V. Rizke Ciptaningtyas; Winarto Winarto; Endang Sri Lestari
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 8, No 4 (2019): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (266.856 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v8i4.25488

Abstract

Latar belakang : Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak bijak merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya resistensi antibiotik. Kampanye penggunaan antibiotik secara bijak merupakan salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan kualitas penggunaan antibiotik di kalangan tenaga medis. Tujuan : Mengevaluasi kualitas penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien kasus bedah di sebuah Rumah Sakit Pendidikan di Pulau Jawa (RS. A) sebelum dan sesudah kampanye penggunaan antibiotik secara bijak. Metode :  Penelitian merupakan quasy experimental one group pre-test and post-test dengan 68 sampel berupa catatan medik pasien kasus bedah yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi di RS. A. Data yang dibutuhkan untuk menilai kualitas penggunaan antibiotik didapat dari catatan medik, kemudian dilakukan review oleh Tim PPRA RS. A untuk menentukan kategori kualitas penggunaan antibiotik menurut Van der Meer dan Gyssens. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil : Penggunaan antibiotik bijak sebelum dan sesudah kampanye pada pasien kasus bedah di RS. A sebesar 8.7% dan 14%. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak bijak sebelum dan sesudah kampanye adalah sebesar 91.3% dan 86%. Terdapat peningkatan penggunaan antibiotik bijak, namun tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan : Kualitas penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien kasus bedah di RS. A setelah kampanye penggunaan antibiotik mengalami peningkatan, namun masih belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.Kata kunci : Kualitas Penggunaan Antibiotik, Pasien Bedah, Kriteria Van der Meer & Gyssen
PENGARUH CUCI TANGAN TERHADAP PENURUNAN JUMLAH BAKTERI PADA HOSPITAL PERSONNEL DI RS NASIONAL DIPONEGORO Yesita Novia Hertina; Endang Sri Lestari; Rebriarina Hapsari
DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL (JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO) Vol 8, No 2 (2019): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (319.899 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v8i2.23833

Abstract

Latar belakang : Infeksi nosokomial merupakan infeksi yang didapatkan oleh seseorang saat berada maupun setelah kembali dari rumah sakit dan dapat terjadi pada petugas kesehatan maupun pasien. Cuci tangan merupakan cara yang sederhana untuk mencegah transmisi infeksi nosokomial dengan mereduksi jumlah bakteri pada tangan. Penurunan jumlah bakteri dipengaruhi oleh agen cuci tangan dan prosedur cuci tangan yang dilakukan. Tujuan : Menghitung perbedaan jumlah bakteri sebelum dan sesudah cuci tangan menggunakan hand rub pada tenaga kesehatan di RS Nasional Diponegoro. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 54 tenaga kesehatan RS Nasional Diponegoro Semarang dengan mengambil swab kulit telapak tangan menggunakan kapas lidi steril, di kultur pada media nutrient agar selama 18 sampai 24 jam, kemudian dihitung koloni bakteri yang tumbuh pada media dan dianalisis perbedaannya. Hasil : Terdapat penurunan jumlah bakteri sebelum dan sesudah mencuci tangan menggunakan hand rub pada 52 subyek dan 2 subyek mengalami peningkatan jumlah bakteri. Penurunan jumlah bakteri dengan uji Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test memiliki nilai p=0,000. Faktor pekerjaan, jenis kelamin, training PPI dasar, merek hand rub dan tanggal kadaluwarsa diuji dengan Kruskal-Wallis test dan Mann-Whitney U test dengan hasil yang tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Kesimpulan : Terdapat penurunan jumlah bakteri yang bermakna antara sebelum dan sesudah cuci tangan menggunakan hand rub yang ternyata efektif untuk mengurangi jumlah bakteri pada tangan tenaga kesehatan di RS Nasional Diponegoro. Faktor pekerjaan, training PPI dasar, jenis kelamin, merek dan tanggal kadaluwarsa hand rub tidak berpengaruh terhadap selisih bakteri.Kata Kunci : hand rub, tenaga kesehatan, jumlah bakteri, infeksi nosokomial
Lung Tuberculosis with Multi Drug Resistant Risk in Tertiary Hospital in Middle Java Ratna Wulan Febriyanti; Winarto Winarto; Mujahidah Mujahidah; Endang Sri Lestari; Purnomo Hadi; Vincentia Rizke Ciptaningtyas
Herb-Medicine Journal: Terbitan Berkala Ilmiah Herbal, Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 4, No 2 (2021): Herb-Medicine Journal April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/hmj.v4i2.10352

Abstract

World TB report from World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 informed that Indonesia was second country with TB case. Multi Drug Resistance pulmonary infection’s case in Indonesia were 12.000. Kariadi hospital is one of tertiary hospital for pulmonary MDR-TB treatment but, there is no study about risk factor of it yet, so it needed to find risk factors of MDR-TB pulmonary infection in Kariadi hospital. Cross Sectional design using secondary data from Medical Record  from January 1st -  December 31, 2017 with result of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on GeneXpert sputum examination. Bivariate analysis with Chi square test and multivariate analysis was done by multiple logistic regression. The p value was considered significant if <0.05, all analyzes were 2-tailed. Totally 110 patients were obtained during periode, 55 samples for case and 55 samples for control. There were correlation between smoking habit OR = 3,1 (CI 95% 1,1-8,7), malnutrition OR = 2,9 (CI 95% 1,3-6,3), contact with patient with MDR pulmonary TB infection OR = 12,0 (CI 95% 1,5-97,3), past treatment  OR = 81,7(CI 95% 23,4-285,2) and ≥6months past treatment OR = 94,5 (CI 95% 12,1-736,2. Risk factor that could influence together were contact with patient with MDR pulmonary TB infection OR = 34,5 (CI 95% 2,6-464,5), past treatment OR = 39,4 (CI 95% 8,3-186,3) and ≥ 6months past treatment OR = 12,4 (CI 95% 1,3-117,7). Risk factors for the incidence of pulmonary MDR TB infection are past contact with patient with MDR pulmonary TB infection, past treatment  and  ≥ 6months past treatment.
Making and Testing Sample Control on Determination of Nitrite Content in Water and Wastewater by Using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer Erna Styani; Endang Sri Lestari; Ika Widiana; Muhammad Ramadhan
Journal of Environmental Engineering and Waste Management Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : President University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (530.285 KB) | DOI: 10.33021/jenv.v4i1.653

Abstract

This study focused on Making and Testing sample  control as reference material on determination of nitrite content in water and waste water by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. Sample control has been made to replaced Certified Reference Materials (CRM) for  determination of Nitrite content in water and waste water by using UV -Visible  Spectrophotometer. Substitute materials for CRM should be homogeneous and stable, so the homogenity and stability control sample that has been made in this study  is tested by using standard referring to ISO Guide 35 , 2006. The result of   this experiments shows that    the values of Fstat and Ftable  on homogenity test are  0.796 and 3.179 (Fstat <  Ftable); while the values of  tstat and table  on the stability test are 0.431 and 2.101 (tstat <  table),  the mean of control sample concentration is 0,0435 mg / L. All test parameters have been qualified in accordance with ISO Guide 35 , 2006. The result of this  research shows  that the control of samples on the determination of Nitrite in water and waste water by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer can be used as  substitute for CRM and reference material.
Faktor Risiko Penyakit Kardiovaskuler (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Perokok Fakultas Teknik Jurusan Mesin Universitas Diponegoro Semarang) Endang Sri Lestari; Lintang Dian Saraswati; Henry Setyawan S.
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 2, No 1 (2014): JANUARI
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (347.404 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jkm.v2i1.6378

Abstract

Penyakit kardiovaskuler cenderung meningkat sebagai penyebab kematian. Faktor risikonya antara lain kebiasaan merokok, kurangnya aktifitas fisik, obesitas atau kelebihan berat badan, penyakit diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi, kolesterol tinggi serta adanya riwayat keluarga. Saat ini, trennya terjadi pada usia muda, dikarenakan gaya hidup serta perilaku remaja yang kurang baik yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler pada mahasiswa perokok Fakultas Teknik Jurusan Mesin Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan metode survey dan menggunakan desain cross-sectional-study. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 52 responden. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, pemeriksaan kolesterol, gula darah dan tekanan darah. Data dianalisis dengan distribusi frekuensi dan bivariat dengan uji rank spearman dan chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar kolesterol  agak tinggi/batas tinggi (200-239 mg/dl) sebesar 7,7%. Kadar gula darah sedang (100-125 mg/dl) 23,1%; tekanan darah sistolik diatas normal (≥135 mmHg) sebesar 55,8%; tekanan darah diastolik diatas normal (≥85 mmHg) sebesar 26,9%; tekanan darah tinggi (>140/90 mmHg) 17,0%; IMT tinggi (≥ 23kg/m2) sebesar 15,4%. Variabel yang terkait dengan kolesterol dan gula darah yaitu jumlah merokok (p=0,0001), dan lama merokok (p=0,0001). Variabel yang terkait dengan tekanan darah tinggi yaitu jumlah rokok (p=0,0001), lama merokok (p=0,0001), cara menghisap rokok (p=0,011). Disarankan bagi para mahasiswa untuk memperkecil risiko terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler dengan mengurangi konsumsi rokok dan konsumsi fast food
The Effect Of Lemongrass Stem Infusion (Cymbopogon citratus) On Growth Of Streptococcus mutans Azzadian Octa Kusuma; Endang Sri Lestari; Tyas Prihatiningsih; Nadia Hardini
JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL) Vol 11, No 3 (2022): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v11i3.32251

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the effect of lemongrass infusion on the growth of Streptococcus mutans at various concentrations. Methods: This study used post test only control group design with total sample is 9 samples, concentration 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,56%, positive control, and negative control with 3 replications. The research uses dilution method by looking at the turbidity which can be marked as MIC, for MBC used pour plate method was determined by looking at the presence or absence of bacterial growth on the plate. Data analysis was performed using the spss application using Kruskal-Wallis test with significance level if the result of p<0,05. Results of Study: The results of the sample group were 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,56% in the MIC test showed turbidity in all samples, then the MBC test showed growth bacteria in all samples. The assessment of the probability test p value of 1,000 (>0,05) indicates that there is no significant difference between research groups. Conclusion: There was no effect of lemongrass stem infusion with various concentrations on the growth of Streptococcus mutans.
Changing the Function of Residential Space to Trade in Terms of The Occupant Aspect (Case Study Kambang Iwak Area Palembang City) Endang Sri Lestari
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research Vol 3, No 1 (2020): ICMR
Publisher : Universitas Serambi Mekkah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32672/pic-mr.v3i1.2598

Abstract

Increasing population growth in urban areas is generally accompanied by increasingly narrow job opportunities, causing many urban residents to carry out activities in the informal sectors, such as  small-scale trading activities. These activities are generally carried out by most residents living on theside of the main road. More than 50% of the residents’ houses on Jalan Merdeka Street of Kambang Iwak Palembang have changed their function to a commercial building; thus, it is necessary to conduct research on the trade public space that grows in the area. This research is field research that collectedvisual data and interviews with related parties. Research showed that the emergence of commercial public space in housing is caused by the proximity of the house and the relationship between the house and road space. The trading space functions as a public space, forming attributes in the form of accessibility, visibility, sociality, and adaptability. Commercial public spaces take place in the house and yard because they have proximity, visuality, adaptation, and activity related to public spaces. Keywords: Residential Space Function, Side of the Main Road, Merdeka Street of Kambang Iwak,
PEMBARUAN SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK YANG BERKEADILAN RESTORATIVE (Suatu Analisa Yuridis Penyelesaian Penanganan Perkara Tindak Pidana Asusila Anak Berkonflik Dengan Hukum dengan Korban Anak di Bawah Umur) Endang Sri Lestari; Ahmad Muchlis
FAIRNESS AND JUSTICE Vol 18, No 1 (2020): FAIRNESS AND JUSTICE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32528/faj.v18i1.6522

Abstract

Children as the next generation of the nation become the hope of Indonesia's development in the future. Of course, when children face legal problems, they are entitled to get legal protection in order to achieve a sense of justice itself. In reality, children who are dealing with the law, both their capacity as perpetrators and victims are very vulnerable and so easily become victims of legal injustice. There are factors that must be considered in the process of law enforcement in order to achieve a sense of justice, including by choosing the right punishment for the child. Diversity and the concept of restorative justice need to be taken into consideration in handling cases of children who commit criminal acts of child protection.This writing is a normative study, then analyzed qualitatively by descriptive methods. Based on the results of the discussion and analysis, it is concluded that the diversion stages and the concept of restorative justice are needed as a consideration for judges to impose their convictions.