Andree Kurniawan
Bagian Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan Siloam General Hospital

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Journal : Narra J

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression Kurniawan, Andree; Hariyanto, Timotius I.
Narra J Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i1.102

Abstract

It is important to identify risk factors for poor outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Currently, the correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and COVID-19 outcomes has not been established. This study was conducted to determine the association between NAFLD and in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 patients. The systematic searches were conducted by using PubMed and the Europe PMC databases and particular keywords were used as of December 10, 2020. Further searches were conducted up to 2022. All articles that include data about COVID-19 and fatty liver disease were collected. Statistical analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.4 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 software. A total of 7,210 COVID-19 patients from 18 studies were included in the final analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that NAFLD increased the risk of developing poor in-hospital outcome (pooled both severe disease and death) in COVID-19 patients (RR 1.42; 95%CI: 1.17–1.73, p<0.001, I2=84%, random-effect modeling). Subgroup analysis however found that having NAFLD only increased the chance of getting severe COVID-19 (RR 1.67; 95%CI: 1.32–2.13, p<0.001, I2=86%, random-effect modeling) and not mortality (RR 1.00; 95%CI: 0.68–1.47, p=0.98, I2=80%, random-effect modeling). Meta-regression suggested that age (p=0.001) and diabetes (p=0.029) were significantly influenced the relationship between NAFLD and in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 (pooled both severe disease and mortality). The weaker association of NAFLD and in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 was found for studies with median age ≥45 years old (RR 1.29) when compared to studies with median age <45 years old (RR 2.96). In addition, studies with the prevalence of diabetes ≥25% (RR 1.29) had a weaker association with in-hospital outcomes when compared to studies with diabetes prevalence <25% (RR 1.85). In conclusion, NAFLD increased the risk of chance of getting severe COVID-19 and therefore it should be evaluated closely to reduce the chance of getting severe COVID-19.
Co-Authors Achmad Fauzi ACHMAD FAUZI Agatha, Cindy Monika Agatha, Lisa Agung, Fransisca Handy Allen Widysanto Andhika Rachman Andri Sanityoso Sulaiman Angelina, Stella Anurantha, Jonathan Juniard Argo, Teresa Mika Ari Fahrial Syam Armen Armen Arshita Auliana Audrey Hamdoyo Billy Susanto Ceva W. Pitoyo Chandra, Margaret Chintya Marcella Cindy Sidarta Claudia Jodhinata Cucunawangsih Cucunawangsih, Cucunawangsih Daniel Chung Darien Alfa Cipta Darti Isbandiarti Devina Adella Halim Devina Adella Halim Dewi Purnamasari Diah Martina, Diah Edy Gunawan Edy Gunawan, Edy Elizabeth Marcella Euphemia Seto Euphemia Seto, Euphemia Evangelista, Nadya Nathalia Fajar L. Gultom Febby Hutomo Felix Wijovi Felix Wijovi Fidelia Octaviani Halim, Devina Adella Hamdoyo, Audrey Hariyanto, Timotius I. Hartoyo, Vinson Heriyanto, Rivaldo Steven Heryadi, Nadia Khoirunnisa Imanuelly, Michelle Indrawan, Michele Isbandiarti, Darti Ivana Dewi Mulyanto Jane Olivia Lorens Jeremia Imanuel Siregar Jodhinata, Claudia Johan Wibowo Johan Wibowo Jonathan Juniard Anurantha Jovita Jovita Khie Chen Liem, Jean Andrina Lorens, Jane Olivia Lucas, Brian Lugito, Nata P H Marcella, Chintya Marcella, Elizabeth Marcellus Simadibrata Marcellus Simadibrata Margaret Chandra Margaret Merlyn Tjiang, Margaret Merlyn Maria, Eva Michael Susanto Michael Susanto Michael, Rafael Jonathan Michele Indrawan Michelle Imanuelly Monica, Moryella Nadia Ayu Mulansari, Nadia Ayu Nadia Khoirunnisa Heryadi Nadya Nathalia Evangelista NATA LUGITO, NATA Nata P H Lugito Nata P Hardjo Lugito, Nata P Nata Pratama Nata Pratama Hardjo Lugito Novia Lauren Sieto Nugroho Prayogo Octaviani, Fidelia Orlin, Sisilia Patricia Budimulia Prima Yuriandro Rahmat Cahyanur Ralph Girson Gunarsa Resa Setiadinata Resti Mulya Sari Rivaldo Steven Heriyanto Rivami, Dwi Savitri Rizki Yaruntradhani Rizki, Saraswati Anindita Ryan Yudistiro Saraswati Anindita Rizki Saraswati Anindita Rizki Setiadinata, Resa Sharfina, Ratuafni Sidarta, Cindy Sieto, Novia Lauren Sinaga, Terry Devita Siregar, Jeremia Imanuel Sisilia Orlin Soputri, Christin Stella Angelina Stevent Sumantri Stevent Sumantri, Stevent Sugianto, Jeremy Octavian Susanti - Susanto, Billy Tan, Christine Tanuwijaya, Nathania Victoria Stevina Terry Devita Sinaga THEO AUDI YANTO, THEO AUDI Timotius Ivan Hariyanto Veli Sungono Vinson Hartoyo Wijaya, Indra Wijovi, Felix Wilson Matthew Raffaello Winata, Sharleen Wong, Clarinda Wonsono, Beverley Yohanes Deo Fau