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All Journal Buletin Udayana Mengabdi Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia JUTIK : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komputer Indonesian Physical Review Kappa Journal
Ni Nyoman, Ratini
Program Studi Fisika, Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics Social Sciences Other

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Conformity Test of Reference Air Kerma Rate (RAKR) for Brachytherapy Device in Radiotherapy Sub-Installations of Central General Hospital Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Jaya, I Putu Wesa Angga; Ratini, Ni Nyoman; Anggarani, Ni Kadek Nova; Irhas, Rozi
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v10i5.58184

Abstract

Brachytherapy requires accurate dosimetry to ensure patient safety and treatment efficacy. The Reference Air Kerma Rate (RAKR) is a key parameter in the Treatment Planning System (TPS) that quantifies the strength of radioactive sources. This study aims to evaluate the conformity between RAKR values certified by the manufacturer and those measured using a Well-Type Ionisation Chamber at the Radiotherapy Sub-Installation of Central General Hospital Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah. Measurements were conducted from December 2023 to March 2024 using a SAGINOVA/ECKERT ZIEGLER brachytherapy unit. The RAKR values were obtained through electrometer readings, adjusted for air density, and compared to the manufacturer’s certification using established equations. The results were assessed using the ±3% tolerance threshold set by AAPM Report No. 46 (1994). The measured RAKR values consistently showed negative deviations from the certified values: -1.96 %, -2.69 %, -2.53 %, and -2.42 %, all within the acceptable ±3% limit. This supports the conformity and operational integrity of the device. These findings confirm that short-term RAKR measurements at the hospital align with certification values, ensuring reliable dose delivery for brachytherapy. Future research should investigate long-term calibration stability and the impact of environmental factors to refine quality assurance protocols.
Determination of Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) in Non-Contrast and Contrast Thorax CT Scan Examinations at Bali Mandara Regional Hospital Ni Luh Emy Pramitha; Gusti Ngurah Sutapa; Ni Luh Putu Trisnawati; Ni Nyoman Ratini; Hery Suyanto; Winardi Tjahyo Baskoro
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 11 No 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i7.10344

Abstract

A study has been conducted to determine the Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) in non-contrast and contrast chest CT scan examinations at Bali Mandara Hospital. The study was conducted at the Radiology Installation of Bali Mandara Hospital using dose reports from non-contrast and contrast chest CT Scan examinations with data obtained including age, gender, kV, mAs, slice thick, time rotation, Pitch, as patient information and protocols used in the examination and dose information in the form of CTDIvol and DLP. This study aims to determine the local DRL value against the national DRL value. The method used to determine the DRL value in this study is by collecting data in the form of recording and documenting the dose report of CT Scan examination patients, with the data for each examination being as many as 30. From the recorded data, the CTDIvol and DLP values are used to find the DRL value by sorting it from the smallest to the largest value and then calculating the 3rd quartile as a determinant of the local DRL. The interpolation method is also used to consider the position of the 3rd quartile so that it is at a decimal value. From the research results, the CTDIvol value for non-contrast thorax examination was 6.43 mGy, and the DLP value was 293.08 mGy.cm. Meanwhile, in contrast to the thorax examination, the CTDIvol value was 6.14 mGy, and the DLP value was 852.57 mGy.cm. Furthermore, a statistical analysis was carried out in the form of a one-way t-test using SPSS software, which was used to compare the DRL values of both CTDIvol and DLP non-contrast and contrast thorax examinations with the standard values set by BAPETEN 2021 as a reference used in Indonesia. Based on the results of the analysis with a one-way t-test, it can be seen that the DRL values for non-contrast thorax examinations (DRL CTDIvol and DLP) and contrast examinations (DRL CTDIvol) do not exceed the standards set by BAPETEN. However, in the contrast thorax CT Scan examination, the DRL DLP value exceeded the standard value set by BAPETEN, so dose optimization was needed by re-evaluating the protocol implemented at Bali Mandara Hospital.
Comparison of Dose Distribution with Graphical Optimization and Inverse Planning Techniques in Cervical Cancer Brachytherapy Ni Nyoman Ratini; I Putu Wesa Angga Jaya; Gusti Ngurah Sutapa; I Putu Tedy Indrayana; Ni Putu Yuni Nurmalasari; I Wayan Balik Sudarsana
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 12 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v12i2.12900

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death among women in Indonesia, with 36,964 new cases reported in 2022. Brachytherapy is a key component in treating advanced-stage cervical cancer, where dose optimization is critical to maximize the target dose (HRCTV) and minimize exposure to organs at risk. Graphical Optimization (GrO) and Inverse Planning (IP) techniques are commonly used, but comparative studies using Co-60 sources remain limited. Previous studies have largely used Ir‑192, so this study explores the comparison of GrO versus IP using Co‑60, which has not been widely studied in Indonesia. Co‑60 was chosen because it provides a dose distribution comparable to Ir‑192, has a longer half‑life reducing the frequency of source replacements and maintenance costs and has been reported to shorten patient treatment time by approximately 10%. This study compared the dose distribution of both techniques in 30 brachytherapy patients treated with a Co-60 source at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital. Data were analyzed using the Sagiplan 2.2.1 Treatment Planning System (TPS) following the TG-43 protocol. Evaluations included D90 HRCTV, COIN, DHI, bladder D2cc, and rectum D2cc based on ICRU Report 89 recommendations. MANOVA results (SPSS 29.0; significance < 0.05) showed that GrO’s D90 HRCTV (7.239 Gy ± 0.134 Gy) was significantly higher (sig = 0.006) than IP (7.155 Gy ± 0.093 Gy). GrO’s DHI (0.352 ± 0.043) was also superior (sig = 0.030), while COIN, bladder D2cc, and rectum D2cc showed no significant differences. Overall dose distribution for GrO differed significantly from IP (p = 0.011), though all parameters met ICRU standards. Conclusion: GrO excels in target coverage and homogeneity, while IP is equivalent in OAR protection. Both techniques are dosimetrically feasible, but GrO is more adaptive for complex anatomies despite requiring longer planning time.
Measurement of CT Number Uniformity Value at Various X-ray Tube Current Settings in CT Scanning Ni Nyoman Ratini; Gusti Ngurah Sutapa; Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani; I Gde Antha Kasmawan; Anastasia Jessing Gamalita Mberato
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 11 No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i1.8527

Abstract

Studies on the analysis of variations in CT number uniformity values for CT-Scan images has been conducted. This study aims to evaluate the image quality value by uses various tube currents (mAs) in Siemens merk water phantom irradiation to assess the value of image quality. A Siemens Somatom Scope CT-Scan with current variations of 180 mAs, 200 mAs, 220 mAs, 240 mAs, and 260 mAs was used. The image results were then anlyzed for quality through the CT number uniformity value test. Using a marker size of 12.56 cm2, the ROI method was applied at five different picture points: the center, 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock. For each current variation used in this study, 3 irradiation was carried out and 5 image slices were taken from each irradiation.This resulted of the analysis the CT number uniformity value was shown to be significantly reduced by the tube current strength (R2=0.9896, p-value<0.05), according to the research. The test showed that the uniformity CT number value decreased from 0.217 HU to 0.031 HU as the tube current strength was increased, bringing it closer to the reference value (0 HU). The consistency CT number values acquired in this study remain within the 2 HU tolerance limits established by BAPETEN.
Analisis Tingkat Perubahan Vegetasi Hutan Mangrove Terhadap Tingkat Salinitas Menggunakan Citra Landsat Rafly Rizqyta Ramadhan; Winardi Tjahyo Baskoro; Kadek Sumaja; Komang Ngurah Suarbawa; Putu Tedy Indrayana; Ni Nyoman Ratini
Kappa Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Kappa Journal
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v8i2.23729

Abstract

Research on the analysis of the level of changes of mangrove forest vegetation on the level of seawater salinity has been conducted with remote sensing methods by using Landsat 8 imagery in Tahura Ngurah Rai. The data used in this research is secondary data from the official website of the USGS (United States Geological Survey). This study aims to determine the levels of changes in mangrove forest vegetation cover in Tahura Ngurah Rai and to determine how much influence the level of mangrove forest vegetation cover has on the level of salinity in Tahura Ngurah Rai. The vegetation values were obtained by processing the NDVI index data and the salinity values were obtained by processing the SI, NDSI and VSSI index. from the results of the analysis that has been conducted, vegetation cover greatly influences the NDSI index with an increase in the total NDVI value of 25,48% and a decrease in the total NDSI value of -25,48%, with a correlation coefficient and determination of NDVI-NDSI 0.998 and 0.996 respectively.
Analisis Laju Dosis Radiasi di Area Ruang CT_Scan di Instalasi Radiologi RSU Bali Mandara Else Putri Ayu Prameswari; Gusti Ngurah Sutapa; I Gusti Agung Ayu Ratnawati; Ni Nyoman Ratini; I Nengah Artawan; Ni Luh Putu Trisnawati
Kappa Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Kappa Journal
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v8i2.25211

Abstract

Research has been carried out on radiation dose rate analysis in the CT-SCAN area of the radiology room at RSU Mandara Bali. The data used in this research is quantitative data observed from the radiation rate from the CT-SCAN aircraft. This study aims to determine the radiation dose rate in the radiology area and its rationalization based on regulations regarding radiation NBD (dose limit values) that apply to occupational safety and health. The research data is the actual radiation dose rate determined from the dose rate and calibration factors. The results of data calculations show that the highest dose rates are respectively at T2, 30 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm (door) with values of 1.95, 0.94 and 0.05 μSv/year, while the lowest dose rates are respectively at T4, 30 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm (waiting room) with values of 0.08, 0.06 and 0.05 μSv/year. The research results show that the dose rate at each measurement point is still considered safe for radiation workers where the NBD received is still below 20 μSv/year, while the dose rate is classified as safe for the general public at measuring distances of 50 cm and 100 cm, where the NBD received is below 1 μSv/year assuming the community concerned acts as a patient or patient's family with an interest in the radiology room area.
Penentuan Nilai Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) dan Dose Length Product (DLP) Pesawat CT-Scan kepala pada kasus Stroke Non Hemoragik (SNH): Determination of Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP) values of head CT-Scan aircraft in cases of Non Hemorrhagic Stroke (SNH) Nabilla Fatimah; Gusti Ngurah Sutapa; Wayan Balik Sudarsana; Ni Nyoman Ratini; Putu Suardana; I Ketut Putra
Kappa Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Kappa Journal
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v8i2.25599

Abstract

A study was conducted on the determination of Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP) values of head CT-Scan aircraft in cases of Non Hemorrhagic Stroke (SNH). The study was conducted at the Radiology Installation of Prof.Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital using secondary data from head CT-Scan examination results consisting of age, gender, kV, mAs, slice thickness, rotation time, CTDIvol and DLP in patients aged 40-80 years. This study aims to determine the local DRL value at Prof.Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital does not exceed the national DRL value. It was found that in female patients the CTDIvol value in male patients was 54.9 mGy and in female patients it was 53.11 mGy. While the DLP value of male patients was 1143 mGy.cm and in female patients it was 1118 mGy.cm. Based on the results of the analysis with a one-way t-test, it can be seen that the DRL values of CTDIvol and DLP in both male and female patients do not exceed the standards set by BAPETEN No.1211/K/V/2021, so it can be said that the CT-Scan at the Radiology Installation of Prof.Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital is still suitable for use in examinations, especially head examinations.
Analisis Laju Dosis Radiasi Neutron Pada Pekerja Radiasi Menggunakan Surveymeter di Instalasi Radioterapi Ida Bagus Putu Priastana Bawa; Ni Nyoman Ratini; Wayan Balik Sudarsana; Gusti Ngurah Sutapa; I Made Satriya Wibawa; I Gde Antha Kasmawan; Rozi Irhas
Kappa Journal Vol 8 No 3 (2024): Kappa Journal
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v8i3.27296

Abstract

The research was carried out at the Radiotherapy Installation at Hospital Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Work with the aim of knowing the value of the neutron radiation dose rate at the maximum point after the irradiation is carried out and knowing the value of the neutron radiation dose rate to radiation workers based on the Dose Limit Value permitted by BAPETEN. The research was carried out by measuring the neutron radiation dose rate using a neutron surveymeter at 7 different points with a photon beam of 10 MV energy. At point A, the average value of the neutron radiation dose rate at the maximum point was 6618.87 ± 959.50 µSv/h, at point B it was 1586.99 ± 113.95 µSv/h, at point C it was 1599.90 ± 210.98 µSv/h, at point D it is 1236.83±113.94 µSv/h, at point E it is 297.48±41.79 µSv/h, at point F it is 23.69±3.14 µSv/h h and at point G of 0.54 ± 0.44 µSv/h. Then the value of the equivalent dose rate of neutron radiation at each point is obtained, namely, at point A it is 1.8 µSv/h, at point B 3.2 µSv/h, at point C 3.5 µSv/h, at point D 2 .3 µSv/h, at point E 2.3 µSv/h, at point F 2 µSv/h and at point G 1.9 µSv/h, then the equivalent dose rate value is compared with 1/2 NBD of radiation workers of 5 µSv /h, then the equivalent dose rate value is still below 1/2 of the NBD of radiation workers and the SPO that applies at the Radiotherapy Installation at Hospital Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah is indeed safe for radiation workers.
Menentukan Potensi Resiko Kanker pada Pemeriksaan CT Scan Toraks dengan Metode SSED Gusti Ngurah Sutapa; Ni Putu Aprillia Artanti Phalosa; I Wayan Balik Sudarsana; Ni Nyoman Ratini; I Made Yuliara; I Wayan Supardi
Kappa Journal Vol 8 No 3 (2024): Kappa Journal
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v8i3.27804

Abstract

This study aims to determine the potential risk of thoracic organ cancer in CT Scan examinations using the Size-Specific Effective Dose (SSED) method, considering the importance of accurate radiation dose measurement to minimize the risk of cancer due to radiation exposure. The analysis was conducted on 30 female patients and 30 male patients in the adult category (17 - 45 years) at the Radiology Installation of Prof. Dr. I G. N. G. Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, using a descriptive quantitative approach with secondary data. The results showed that the Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE) and SSED values ​​in female patients were 6.51 ± 0.70 mGy and 2.95 ± 0.48 mSv, respectively, while in male patients they were 6.38 ± 0.49 mGy and 2.27 ± 0.26 mSv. The risk of cancer in female patients is estimated at 0.016% and in male patients it is 0.012%. The Anova test showed a significant difference between the dose values ​​of the SSDE and SSED methods, which was caused by SSED only considering the dose of organs covered in the CT Scan image. However, the t-test showed that the doses from both methods did not exceed the BAPETEN standard No. 8 of 2011, so that the thoracic CT Scan examination in this Installation is safe and feasible to use.  
Measurement of Natural and Artificial Radiation as Well as Radiation Applications in The Field of Medical Physics at SMA Negeri II Kuta Badung Bali Gusti Ngurah Sutapa; I Gde Antha Kasmawan; Ida Bagus Made Suryatika; I Made Yuliara; Ni Nyoman Ratini; I Gusti Agung Ayu Ratnawati; Ni Luh Putu Trisnawati; I Ketut Putra; Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani
Kappa Journal Vol 8 No 3 (2024): Kappa Journal
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v8i3.28254

Abstract

The results of research that have been carried out, especially in the field of medical physics such as X-rays, have been widely utilized in the medical field, especially Radiology Units in Several General and Regional Hospitals. Thus, it is very important to be understood and known by the community, especially the community, in this case the students of SMA Negeri 2 Kuta. In 2022/2023, there are 507 male and 597 female students. Seeing these conditions, surveys and observations were carried out as a result, students had difficulty understanding physics because the physics subject matter was dense, memorized and mathematical. Seeing these results, it is necessary to carry out a new paradigm in physics learning. One of the more appropriate methods is to balance theory learning with field applications such as natural and artificial radiation measurements and applications in the field of medical physics. The results of natural radiation measurements in the classroom and outside the classroom were 0.605 ± 0.0024 and 0.182 ± 0.0008 mSv/year, respectively. The limit of the dosage rate allowed by BAPETEN is 1,000 mSv/year. Natural radiation identified in the classroom and outside the classroom is still declared safe
Co-Authors A. A. Ngurah Gunawan Anastasia Jessing Gamalita Mberato Buana, Muhammad Candra Else Putri Ayu Prameswari Ema Vinesia Br Barus Feriandanu Hakim Fitriyani Mus Mulyadi Girsang, Dhea Vonisa Grace Christine Djara Gusti Ngurah Sutapa Gusti Ngurah Sutapa Hery Suyanto I Gde Antha Kasmawan I Gede Erix Krisna Adi Pramartha I Gusti Agung Ayu Ratnawati I Ketut Putra I M. S. Wibawa I Made Raditya Anandika Putra I Made Yuliara I Nengah Artawan I Nengah Sandi I Putu Eka Juliantara I Putu Tedy Indrayana I Putu Tedy Indrayana I Putu Wesa Angga Jaya I Wayan Balik Sudarsana I Wayan Balik Sudarsana I Wayan Balik Sudarsana I Wayan Balik Sudarsana I Wayan Balik Sudarsana I Wayan Balik Sudarsana I Wayan Supardi I. B. Alit Paramarta I. G. Antha Kasmawan I. M. Yuliara I. M. Yuliara Ida Bagus Alit Paramarta Ida Bagus Made Suryatika Ida Bagus Putu Priastana Bawa Irhas, Rozi Jaya, I Putu Wesa Angga Kadek Sumaja Keintjem, Regina Gabriel Komang Ngurah Suarbawa Komang Sugiarta Made Aditya Jaya Mahardika Maghfirotul Iffah Mberato, Anastasya Jessning Gamalita Mberato N. L. P. Trisnawati Nabilla Fatimah Nathaniel Marcellino Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani Ni Komang Tri Suandayani Ni Luh Emy Pramitha Ni Luh Putu Trisnawati Ni Putu Aprillia Artanti Phalosa Ni Putu Winiayu Veramika Ni Putu Yuni Nurmalasari Ni Wayan Mega Savira Utami Nurmalasari Nurmalasari Nyoman Wendri pandu lukito Pingki Setyowati Dewi Puja Satwika Luh Gede Putu Irma Wulandari Putu Suardana Putu Tedy Indrayana Putu Wida Gunawan Rafly Rizqyta Ramadhan Rozi Irhas Satriya Wibawa, I Made Selvi Marcellia Siti Raudatul Jannah Suandayani, Ni Komang Tri Syarifuddin Syarifuddin Tjahyo Baskoro, Winardi Trisnawati, Ni Luh Putu Wahyulianti Wahyulianti Wayan Balik Sudarsana Wayan Balik Sudarsana Windarjoto Windarjoto Windarjoto Windarjoto Windarjoto Windarjoto Windarjoto, Windarjoto Windaryoto, Windaryoto Wiwik Kurniawati Yuli Nurfadhillah Yuliara, I Made Zofi Dwi Prihatini