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All Journal Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science JURNAL FISIKA Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Jurnal Spektra Jurnal Keramik dan Gelas Indonesia Omega: Jurnal Fisika dan Pendidikan Fisika Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Indonesian Mining Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Teknik Metalurgi Indonesian Physical Review Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Jurnal Keramik dan Gelas Indonesia Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (IPTEK) PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL FISIKA (E-JOURNAL) Makara Journal of Science Makara Journal of Technology Metalurgi Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Jurnal Polimesin Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi Urania: Jurnal Ilmiah Daur Bahan Bakar Nuklir
Azwar Manaf
Physic Department, FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics Other

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Optimized Carbonization and Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell Porous Carbon for Heavy Metal Adsorption Hafizah, Mas Ayu Elita; Manaf, Azwar; Valency, Tiara; Andreas, Andreas; Manawan, Maykel
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100714

Abstract

This study explores the use of porous carbon derived from palm kernel shells to adsorb lead ions (Pb2+) from water. Porous carbon was produced by carbonizing palm kernel shells at different temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) and was evaluated for its effectiveness in a lead chloride (PbCl2) solution. The best adsorption rate, reducing Pb2+ concentration by 27.5%, was observed by carbonized material at 800 °C with a 3 h contact time. Kinetic analysis suggested that the process followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemical adsorption was the dominant mechanism. The adsorption data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm, implying multilayer adsorption on an uneven surface. These findings highlight the efficient and low-cost potential of palm kernel shell-based porous carbon for removing heavy metals from wastewater. Palm kernel shell-derived porous carbon has proven to be a sustainable, cost-effective, and practical solution for mitigating Pb2+ contamination, positioning it as a promising candidate for environmentally friendly water treatment applications.
ECO FRIENDLY CITRIC ACID-ASSISTED SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS OF HIGH-PURITY NANO SILICA FROM DIENG GEOTHERMAL SLAG: CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION METHOD Birawidha, David C; Manaf, Azwar; Astuti, Widi; Daulay, Amru; Haryono, Tri; Sari, Yuliana; Suprihatin, Suprihatin
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i2.486

Abstract

Geothermal slag is a by-product of the geothermal power generation process, but its added value is minimal. With a silica content of up to 70%, geothermal slag has potential as a secondary silicon source for battery silicon anode precursors. Usually, the synthesis of nano-silica was carried out through the sol-gel method, in which HCl is usually used as a modifier to regulate the physical and chemical properties of the material. But in this study chose citric acid for modifier agent because it is more environmentally friendly. The challenge of using citric acid is the formation of carbon-based salts that can cause silica blackening if not washed well. Therefore, optimization was done by adjusting the pH to produce high-purity nano-silica. The sol-gel process was carried out by adding 10% NaOH and 5N Citric Acid, with varying pH base conditions from 8 to 11. XRF analysis results showed the highest purity at pH 8. Impurities were still visible based on XRD data, and the formation of nanoparticles was confirmed through morphological analysis using FESEM and TEM where the average particle size formed is between 55 nm.
Hydrometallurgical extraction of TiO2 from iron sand for industrial raw material Sukmara, Sony; Manaf, Azwar; Adi, Wisnu Ari; Putra, Adi Ganda
Jurnal Polimesin Vol 23, No 5 (2025): October
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/jpl.v23i5.7751

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an essential raw material widely used in Indonesia’s medical, cosmetic, paint, cement, aerospace, and defense industries. Despite its industrial importance, domestic TiO2 production remains limited, resulting in continued dependence on imports. Meanwhile, Indonesia possesses abundant iron sand resources that have not been fully utilized as potential raw materials for TiO2 extraction. This study aims to extract titanium dioxide from iron sand obtained from the southern coast of Lebak Regency, Banten Province. The extraction process began with the preparation of iron sand through washing, drying, and magnetic separation to isolate titanium-rich minerals, mainly ilmenite (FeTiO3) and titanomagnetite (Fe2TiO4). The ilmenite concentrate was leached using sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 96%) at 150–200 °C, forming titanium oxysulfate (TiOSO4) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). The solution was filtered, and titanium was precipitated as hydrated titanium dioxide (TiO2•H2O) through neutralization. The precipitate was washed, dried, and calcined at 500 °C to obtain anatase-phase TiO2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed dominant mineral phases of ilmenite (98.63%) and titanomagnetite (90.56%), while X-ray fluorescence (XRF) showed titanium contents of 22.72% in FeTiO3 and 20.45% in Fe2TiO4. The resulting TiO2 exhibited an anatase phase with 98.7% purity. The findings confirm that Lebak’s southern coastal iron sand is rich in titanium-bearing minerals, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable raw material for domestic TiO2 production. This study provides a preliminary foundation for optimizing the extraction process to enhance yield and support local industrial development.
Microstructures, Magnetic Properties and Microwave Absorption Characteristics of Ti2+ -Mn4+Substituted Barium Hexaferrite Maykel Manawan; Azwar Manaf; Bambang Soegijono; Asep Yudi Hercuadi
Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi Vol. 14 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jet.v14.15-19

Abstract

The effect of Ti2+-Mn4+substitution on microwave absorption has been studied for BaFe12-2xTixMnxO19 ferrite, where x varies from 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8.Ti2+-Mn4+ ions were obtained from TiO and MnO2 precursors which were mechanically alloyed together with BaCO3 and Fe2O3 precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for sintered samples confirmed that the materials are consisted with single phase BHF structure. Unit cell volume and crystallite size was found increase with increasing x. Crystallite size for all samples below 70 nm, but the grain morphology shown that the grains is in range of 200 - 400 nm, which concluded that each grain are polycrystalline. The saturation magnetization is increases up to x = 0.4 and decrease for higher x values, while the coercivity remains decreases monotonically. These results were interpreted in terms of the site preferential occupation of Ti2+ and Mn4+ at low level substitution.These substitution revealed of enhanced reflection loss (RL) up to 25 dB forx=0.6.It suggested that the synthesized can be employed as effective microwave absorbers in various devices.
The Effect of Current Density on The Surface Morphology in the Thin Coating Process of Nickel on Zr-2 Using the Electroplating Method Yusuf Gigih Wicaksono; Ridwan; Azwar Manaf
Urania: Jurnal Ilmiah Daur Bahan Bakar Nuklir Vol. 31 No. 2 (2025): Urania: Jurnal Ilmiah Daur Bahan Bakar Nuklir
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/urania.2025.9199

Abstract

   After the Fukushima-Daiichi reactor accident in 2011, one of the research and development focuses of nuclear fuel worldwide has been on coatings for Enhanced Accident Tolerant Fuels (EATF). Chromium (Cr) coatings are considered suitable due to their high oxidation resistance; however, Cr has limitations, particularly its poor diffusion on certain materials such as zirconium (Zr). Nickel coatings are therefore used as an interlayer to overcome the diffusion problem of chromium on zirconium substrates. Several surface coating methods are available, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF), detonation gun (D-Gun), and electroplating. Electroplating was chosen in this study because of its high productivity, simple equipment, and low cost. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of current density on the surface morphology in the electroplating of Zr-2 with nickel. Electroplating is a process in which metal ions in an electrolyte solution are driven by an electric field to deposit onto a material. The electrolyte solution used in this study consisted of 200 g/L NiSO₄·6H₂O as the nickel source, 35 g/L NiCl₂·6H₂O as the activator, and 30 g/L H₃BO₃ as the pH buffer. The current densities applied were 0.015 A/cm², 0.025 A/cm², and 0.05 A/cm². After deposition, hardness tests were conducted, and the surface morphology was examined using SEM and EDS. The results showed that increasing the current density led to larger average nickel grain sizes, namely 4.68 μm, 6.19 μm, and 6.84 μm, as well as larger pore areas on the surface, namely 6.5 μm², 20.85 μm², and 27.98 μm². Micro-Vickers hardness tests indicated that higher current density increased hardness values, measured at 163.48 HV, 178 HV, and 234.25 HV, respectively. Cross-sectional SEM analysis revealed that the coating produced at a current density of 0.015 A/cm² showed better quality compared to higher current densities. This was evidenced by smaller pore areas, thinner coating thickness (7.44 μm compared to 19.17 μm and 8.42 μm), and the absence of defects at the coating–substrate interface, which were observed at 0.025 and 0.05 A/cm². To achieve thickness values closer to calculations, uniform spacing between the cathode and anode as well as the use of a fresh electrolyte solution are recommended. The use of a nickel interlayer can be a promising option to improve the surface performance of Zr-2. 
Pengaruh Elemen Paduan dan Senyawa terhadap Karakteristik Paduan Magnesium dan Aplikasinya - Kajian Ganda Putra, Adi; Azwar Manaf; Djoko HP
Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik Vol 20 No 2 (2021): Jurnal Teknik - Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26874/jt.vol20no2.424

Abstract

Alloys based on Magnesium the lightest structural metal and Mg have great application potential in the automotive and aerospace industries. However, Magnesium in its application is limited by its low strength and ductility. The most effective way to increase strength and ductility is by adding alloying elements, grain refinement, and dispersion strengthening. However, universal strengthening techniques for magnesium alloys are still being researched, and some are still being debated. This paper presents a brief overview of the development of methods of adding alloying elements to magnesium alloys, contributing to a better understanding of the factors controlling mechanical properties and providing an outlook for future research in this area.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene-based Scintillator for Gamma Detection Marliyadi Pancoko; Hafni Lissa Nuri; Azwar Manaf; Arbi Dimyati; Abdul Jami
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol. 25 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Sains dan Materi Indonesia
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jsmi.2023.704

Abstract

This study aimed to create and examine plastic scintillators made from a polystyrene matrix, which are widely used in radiation detection due to their favorable properties such as rapid decay time, low cost, resistance to moisture, and ease of fabrication. The scintillators were doped with p-terphenyl (PTP) and 1,4-bis[2-(phenyloxazolyl)]-benzene (POPOP) using an injection method with an extruder machine. The materials were then characterized using various techniques. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of aromatic chains which are essential for the scintillation process. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed stable thermal properties with a glass transition temperature of approximately 100ºC. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of the polymer is amorphous with small bumps and protrusions likely caused by the PTP and POPOP dopants. The optical evaluation indicated that the sample could absorb UV photons up to 340 nm and emit photons in the wavelength range of 400-500 nm with a peak at 421 nm. Gamma spectra analysis indicated that the plastic scintillators performed well in gamma detection and could be used in a Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM).
MICROWAVE ABSORBING PROPERTIES OF LaMn1-x NixO3. Sitti Ahmiatri Saptari; Azwar Manaf; Budhy Kurniawan
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol. 15 No. 4 (2014): Jurnal Sains dan Materi Indonesia
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/jsmi.2014.15.4.4335

Abstract

MICROWAVE ABSORBING PROPERTIES OF LaMn1-x NixO3. The doped lanthanum manganites have unusual magnetic and transport properties, which makes it possible for this material to be used for microwave absorbing. In this study, LaMn1-xNixO3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06) were prepared by solid state reaction method as microwave absorption material. The crystal structure and magnetic properties were characterized byX-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Vibrating SampleMagnetometer (VSM), respectively. Refinement results of X-Ray diffraction pattern using High Score Plus Software showed that the samples with various x = 0 to x = 0.04 had a single phase with monoclinic crystal structure, while the sample with x = 0.06 had two phases with monoclinic and hexagonal structures. Hysteresis loops showed that the LaMn1-xNixO3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06) samples are soft magnetic materials. Microwave absorption properties were investigated in the frequency range of 8-12 GHz using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). An optimal reflection loss of -8.85 dB is reached at 11.58 GHz for x = 0.04 with sampel thickness of 2 mm.
POTENSI BAHAN LOKAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN MATERIAL MAGNET UNTUK INDUSTRI DI INDONESIA Azwar Manaf
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 4 (2007): Edisi Khusus
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/jusami.2007.0.0.5153

Abstract

POTENSI BAHAN LOKAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN MATERIAL MAGNET UNTUK INDUSTRI DI INDONESIA. Besi, cobalt, Nike] dan rare earth antara lain adalah bahan yang berperan penting dalam industri logam, listrik, elektronik, keramik termasuk industri magnet. Logam-logam ini tersedia luas di tanah air dalam bentuk mineral. Sebagian besar dari sumber ini belum mendapatkan sentuhan eksplorasi yang komprehensif sehingga kurang memiliki nilai tambah dan cenderung di eksploitasi apa adanya. Sebenarnya, besi, kobalt, nikel dan logam tanah jarang adalah material utama dalam industri material magnet. Besi misalnya, baik dalam bentuk senyawa oksidanya maupun dalam bentuk logam murni dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan magnet keramik yang aplikasinya masih mendominasi produk—produk berbagai industri. Demikian juga logam tanah jarang seperti Sm, Nd, Dy dan Pr bersama dengan besi dan cobalt dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan magnet permanen yang memiliki energi ultra tinggi. Dalam makalah ini dibicarakan tentang proses teknologi penggunaan bahan lokal yang berpotensial untuk aplikasi material magnetik. Dua proses utama masing-masing proses konvensional powder metallurgy dan rapid solidfication yang kini masih menjadi dominasi proses dalam industri magnet dibicarakan detail. Sifat sifat kemagnetan yang diperoleh dari kedua proses dibicarakan dalam kaitan perbandingan nilai plus dan minusnya. Teknologi proses perolehan material untuk industri magnet dari mineral alam juga dibicarakan.
PENGARUH SINTERING TERHADAP SIFAT MAGNETIK BAHAN KOMPOSIT Co-AlxOy Sri Mulyaningsih; Setyo Purwanto; Wisnu Ari Adi; Azwar Manaf
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 4 (2007): Edisi Khusus
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/jusami.2007.0.0.5118

Abstract

PENGARUH SINTERING TERHADAP SIFAT MAGNETIK BAHAN KOMPOSIT Co-AlxOy. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menghaluskan campuran serbuk kobal (Co) dan aluminium (Al)menggunakan High Energy Milling (HEM) dengan perbandingan Co73Al27 wt%, kemudian dipres dan dilanjutkan dengan proses sintering.Waktu milling divariasikan antara 4,5 jam, 12 jam dan 20 jam sedangkan proses sintering pada suhu 384 ºC dan 484 ºC. Setelah proses sinter ditemukan beberapa puncak-puncak baru yang diidentifikasi sebagai Co-Al2O4. Hasil pengukuran VSM menunjukkan proses milling dan sinter mengakibatkan nilai saturasi Ms menurun pada semua sampel. Sedang nilai koersivitas Hc untuk sampel hasil milling nilai tertinggi 367 Oe dicapai pada sampel 4,5 jammilling, sedang untuk 12 jam dan 20 jam adalah 275 Oe dan 317 Oe. Untuk sampel yang disinter nilai koersivitas cenderung naik yaitu pada sampel 12 jam milling dan sinter 384 ºC dan 484 ºC adalah 275 Oe, 285 Oe dan 305 Oe, dan untuk 20 jam milling 317 Oe, 345 Oe dan 345 Oe.
Co-Authors Abdul Jami Adi Ganda Putra Agus Sukarto Agus Sukarto Ahmad Royani Ahmad Royani Akmal Johan Andreas Andreas Andreas Andreas Arbi Dimyati Arie Fiandimas Arieko Abdillah Asep Yudi Hercuadi Asep Yudi Hercuadi, Asep Yudi Bahfie, Fathan Bambang Soegijono Bambang Soegijono Bayu Krisnamurti Birawidha, David C Budhy Kurniawan Cahaya, Adam Badra D. W. Ananda Daulay, Amru Dedi Dedi Dedi Dedi Diah Susanti Djoko HP Doansi Tarihoran Dwita Suastiyanti Eddy Siradj Edie Sasito Edie Sasito, Edie Eko Sulistiyono Eko Sulistiyono, Eko Elda Rayhana Elfrida Ratnawati Elisabeth A. S. Elisabeth A. S. Elsa Krisanti Erfan Handoko Erik Prasetyo Erik Prastyo F Firdiyono Fajar Nurjaman Fajar Nurjaman Fajar Nurjaman Fathan Bahfie Fathan Bahfie firdiyono, F Hafni Lissa Nuri Handoko, Djati Hasan Fahad Heddy Julistiono Henny Irawati Idris Noviant Idris Novianto Irvan Ariantono Iskandar Muda Iskandar Muda L.A. Affandi Lingga Hermanto M. Manawan M.A. Elita Hafizah Mabe Siahaan Manawan, Maykel Manawan, Maykel Marliyadi Pancoko Mas Ayu Elita Hafizah Mas Ayu Elita Hafizah Maykel Manawan Muhammad Hanafi Mujamilah Mujamilah Mulyaningsih, Neng Nenden Musfirah Cahya Fajrah, Musfirah Cahya Nanang Sudrajat Nelson Saksono Novizal Novizal, Novizal Novrita Idayanti Novrita Idayanti Nurul Taufiqu Rochman Nurul Taufiqu Rochman Pontas Sialagan Priyono K Priyono K. Priyono P Priyono Priyono Rafael F Maniur Ridwan Ridwan Ridwan Roekmijati Soemantojo Roekmijati Soemantojo, Roekmijati Roekmijati W. Roekmijati W. Roekmijati W. Soemantojo, Roekmijati W. Roekmijati Widaningroem Roekmijati Widaningroem, Roekmijati Roekmijati Widaningrum Roekmijati Widaningrum, Roekmijati Rudi Subagja Saptari, Sitti Ahmiatri Setijo Bismo Setyo Purwanto Setyo Purwanto Sialagan, Pontas Sipahutar, Wahyu Solafide Sitti Ahmiatri Saptari Sri Mulyaningsih Sri Mulyaningsih Sukmara, Sony Suprihatin Suprihatin Taufik A. Bonaedy Tito Prastyo Rahman Tito Prastyo Rahman, Tito Prastyo Tri Haryono Ulin Herlina Ulin Herlina Valency, Tiara Wakid Ali Muntoha Widi Astuti Widi Astuti Widi Astuti Wisnu A. Adi Wisnu Ari Adi Wisnu Ari Adi Wisnu Ari Adi Wisnu Ari Adi Yana Taryana Yuliana Sari Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuliusman Yusuf Gigih Wicaksono Yuyu Wahyu