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An Analysis of Word Formation Processes on Cosmetic Product Descriptions in U.S Celebrities’ Beauty Brands Citra Ayu Larasati; Pariyanto
JET ADI BUANA Vol 7 No 02 (2022): Volume 7 Number 02 October 2022
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/jet.v7.n02.2022.6332

Abstract

This research explored the types of word formation processes in the descriptions of cosmetic products. This descriptive qualitative study employed the classification of word formation processes proposed by Yule’s (2010)—derivation, compounding, conversion, borrowing, blending, acronym, backformation, coinage, clipping, and multiple processes to analyze the data. The data were taken from the descriptions of cosmetic products in the beauty brands by U.S celebrities—Fenty Beauty, Rare Beauty, Kylie Cosmetics, and Florence by Mills which were released and in production in April, 2022. This study discovered 125 word-formation processes including derivation (42), conversion (29), multiple processes (17), compounding (16), clipping (8), borrowing (7), acronym (3), coinage (2), and blending (1). This study implies that derivation is the most frequently used in the product descriptions, suggesting that the use of derivation creates adjectives that modifies the products.
Cultural differences of apology strategies employed by Western and Eastern influencers on Social Media Yeni Marlia wardani; Pariyanto Pariyanto; Sharmini Abdullah
Proceeding of Conference on Literature, Linguistic, and Cultural Studies Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): UNCOLLCS: PROCEEDING RESEARCH ON LITERARY, LINGUISTIC, AND
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30996/pcllcs.v6i1.6945

Abstract

This study examines the apology strategies used by social media influencers in written public apologies following incidents of public criticism and cancel culture. The phenomenon of the online ‘apology clarification’ has become a recognizable communicative genre, yet not all such statements meet the criteria for a sincere apologetic speech act. Grounded in Speech Act Theory (Searle, 1969) and the apology strategy taxonomy of Cohen and Olshtain (1981) as further developed by Trosborg (1995), this research adopts a descriptive qualitative, case-study design to analyze written apology statements posted on X (Twitter) and Facebook by five influencers, two representing an Eastern (Indonesian) cultural background and three representing a Western (American) cultural background. The data were interpreted through the lens of Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Theory to explain how each strategy functions to protect the speaker’s face. The findings show that all six apology strategies appeared across the data, with influencers consistently combining at least three strategies within a single statement rather than relying on one. Acknowledgement of Responsibility and Expression of Apology (IFID) emerged as the most frequently used strategies overall, while Minimization of the Offense appeared more selectively and was associated with lower perceived sincerity. Cultural patterning was also evident: Indonesian influencers favored repeated, polite expressions of regret oriented toward preserving social harmony, whereas American influencers favored explicit acknowledgment of responsibility paired with detailed, self-protective explanation. These findings contribute to pragmatic research on digital discourse by demonstrating how apology strategies function simultaneously as face-saving devices and as culturally shaped communicative practices in the era of cancel culture.
Cultural Differences of Apology Strategies Employed by Western and Eastern Influencers on Social Media Yeni Marlia wardani; Pariyanto Pariyanto; SHARMINI ABDULLAH
Proceeding of Conference on Literature, Linguistic, and Cultural Studies Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): UNCOLLCS: PROCEEDING RESEARCH ON LITERARY, LINGUISTIC, AND
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30996/pcllcs.v6i1.7010

Abstract

This study examines the apology strategies used by social media influencers in written public apologies following incidents of public criticism and cancel culture. The phenomenon of the online ‘apology clarification’ has become a recognizable communicative genre, yet not all such statements meet the criteria for a sincere apologetic speech act. Grounded in Speech Act Theory (Searle, 1969) and the apology strategy taxonomy of Cohen and Olshtain (1981) as further developed by Trosborg (1995), this research adopts a descriptive qualitative, case-study design to analyze written apology statements posted on X (Twitter) and Facebook by five influencers, two representing an Eastern (Indonesian) cultural background and three representing a Western (American) cultural background. The data were interpreted through the lens of Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Theory to explain how each strategy functions to protect the speaker’s face. The findings show that all six apology strategies appeared across the data, with influencers consistently combining at least three strategies within a single statement rather than relying on one. Acknowledgement of Responsibility and Expression of Apology (IFID) emerged as the most frequently used strategies overall, while Minimization of the Offense appeared more selectively and was associated with lower perceived sincerity. Cultural patterning was also evident: Indonesian influencers favored repeated, polite expressions of regret oriented toward preserving social harmony, whereas American influencers favored explicit acknowledgment of responsibility paired with detailed, self-protective explanation. These findings contribute to pragmatic research on digital discourse by demonstrating how apology strategies function simultaneously as face-saving devices and as culturally shaped communicative practices in the era of cancel culture.