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Pemurnian diasilgliserol dari produk gliserolisis minyak sawit mentah dengan kromatografi kolom Purification of diacylglycerol from glycerolysis products of crude palm oil using column chromatography . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; Urip PERWITASAR
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 79, No 1: Juni 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstractVegetable oil enriched with diacylglycerol (DAG) isknown as healthy oil. This oil is much more expensive thancooking oil. Production of DAG could be performed byglycerolysis process of CPO using specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from Rhizopus oryzae mold. Product derived fromglycerolysis process of CPO is a mixture of DAG, mono-acylglycerol (MAG), free fatty acid (FFA) and residual ofunglycerolysed triacylglyserol (TAG). Therefore the DAGproduct has to be isolated from other components in order toget high purity of DAG. The objective of the research was topurify and to find out optimal concentration of DAG derivedfrom a mixture product of CPO glycerolysis at laboratoryscale experiment (total reactant for glycerolysis was93.8 mL) and semipilot scale experiment (10 times oflaboratory scale) using column chromatography with silicagel as stationary phase. The research showed that thehighest DAG content could be collected at fraction of 26 th i.e65%, while at semipilot scale experiment the highest contentof DAG (97%) was achieved at 64 to 66th fraction.Reglycerolysis of residual CPO only yielded 8.24%glycerolysis product which was much lower than that of thefirst glycerolysis reaching 46.67%. The highest DAG derivedfrom the second reglycerolysis product was achieved at 24 thfraction reaching 35.71 % .AbstrakMinyak nabati kaya kandungan diasilgliserol (DAG)dikenal sebagai minyak sehat (healthy oil). Minyak ini jauhlebih mahal dari minyak makan biasa. Produksi DAG dapatdilakukan dengan proses gliserolisis CPO menggunakanenzim lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari kapang Rhizopusoryzae. Produk gliserolisis CPO triasilgliserol adalahcampuran DAG, monoasilgliserol (MAG) dan asam lemakbebas (ALB) serta residu triasilgliserol (TAG) yang tidaktergliserolisis. Oleh karena itu DAG yang terbentuk harusdipisahkan dari komponen lainnya agar diperoleh fraksi DAGdengan kemurnian tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmemurnikan dan menetapkan konsentrasi DAG yang dapatdiperoleh dari gliserolisis CPO skala lab (total reaktan93,8 mL) dan skala semipilot (10 kali skala laboratorium)dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan fase padat silikagel. Residu TAG dari gliserolisis pertama digunakan untukgliserolisis kedua atau gliserolisis ulang. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa fraksi DAG dengan konsentrasitertinggi diperoleh pada fraksi ke-26 yaitu sebesar 65%,sedangkan pada percobaan dengan skala semipilot (10 kaliskala laboratorium) diketahui bahwa konsentrasi DAGtertinggi (97%) diperoleh pada fraksi ke-64 sampai denganke-66. Gliserolisis kedua dari residu CPO hanya mampumenghidrolisis TAG menjadi campuran DAG, MAG danALB sekitar 8,24%, lebih kecil dari reaksi gliserolisispertama yaitu sebesar 46,67%. DAG tertinggi yang berhasildikumpulkan dari produk gliserolisis kedua adalah padafraksi ke-24 yaitu sebesar 35,71% .

DEVELOPMENT OF COD (CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND) ANALYSIS METHOD IN WASTE WATER USING UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER Uswatun Hasanah; Ade Heri Mulyati; Sutanto .; Diana Widiastuti; Siti Warnasih; Yulian Syahputri; Tri Panji
Journal of Science Innovare Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Journal of Science Innovare, Volume 03 Number 02 2020
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/jsi.v3i2.3007

The COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) analysis method based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) is a revision of SNI 06-6989.2-2004, Water and wastewater - Part 2: Method of testing for chemical oxygen demand (COD) with closed reflux spectrophotometrically. This SNI uses references from international standard methods, namely Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Edition, editor of LS Clesceri, AE Greenberg, AD Eaton, APHA, AWWA and WEF, Washington DC, 2005, Methods 5220 D (Closed Reflux, Colorimetric Methods). The purpose of this study was to validate the total method for testing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in water and wastewater with the reduction of Cr2O7 2- spectrophotometrically in the range of COD values of 100 mg / L to 900 mg / L measurements were made at a wavelength of 600 nm. and COD values less than or equal to 90 mg / L measurements were made at a wavelength of 420 nm. The results showed that the method SNI 06-6898.2- 2009 has good validation results including the r results obtained from the calibration curve equation of 0.998, a precision of 1.82%, an accuracy of 98.25% and LOD and LOQ of 12.27 mg / L and 25, 61 mg / L.

Production of fungal pectinase enzyme through solid substrate fermentation of estate waste for improvement of enzymatic oxidation and increasing the quality of CTC tea Tri Panji; Suharyanto Suharyanto; Shabri Shabri; Dadan Rohdiana; Yusianto Yusianto
Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina Vol 18 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/pptk.jur.jptk.v18i1.55

Enzymes, especially pectinase, plays an important role in the processing of tea that determines the quality and the color appearance of black tea. The main obstacle encountered in the application of enzymes in food processing in general, and in particular in the processing of black tea is the price of commercial enzyme that are still very expenÂsive, because it is still imported. Indonesia has a high fungal diversitythat is potential as producer of commercial pectinase enzyme. To reduce the cost of production, fermentation was done using solid waste of plantation that rich of pectin content such as cocoa pod husk that has not been optimally utilized. The research aimed to develop the production technology for pectinase enzymes of fungi through solid substrate fermentation for applications in the processing of CTC black tea. Research includes the isolation and selection of local superior fungi producing enzymes pectinase, optimizaÂtion of enzyme production by fungi isolates were selected through a solid substrate fermenÂtation using cocoa pod husk waste, production optimization included optimization of fermenÂtation time and substrate composition, enzyme extraction of fermented substrate, and appliÂcation of pectinase enzyme extracts in the processing of CTC black tea and sensory test of fermented tea. The results showed that it has been obtained isolates of Aspergillus niger on Pectinase Screening Agar Medium (PSAM) which was capable of producing pectinase enzyme on growing media of mix cocoa pod husk and rice bran with additional of enrichment media. The optimum conditions of pectinase production was obtained in the composition of cacao pod husk: rice bran (80:20 w/w) plus enrichment media, the incubation time of 9 days, which produced pectinase activity of 125 U/mL. Applications of pectinase on enzymatic oxidation of CTC tea proved that it was capable of raising the quality of the tea flavor, though the tea gradedid not change.

Biosorpsi ion tembaga dalam limbah tailing menggunakan jamur pelapuk putih amobil Biosorption of copper ion in tailing mining effluent using immobilizede white-rot fungi Firda DIMAWARNITA; . SUHARYANTO; . TRI-PANJI1; Nur RICHANA; Achmad ZAINUDIN
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 83 No. 1: 83 (1), 2015
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v83i1.11

Abstract Copper and gold mining industry produce large amount of tailings effluent containing heavy metals such as Cu and Hg that will polute environment and agricultural land, if it is not properly treated. Effort in reducing pollution level and recovery of metal in tailing could be conducted with biosorption process using microbial cell as an absorbent agent. This study aims to determine the ability of selected white rot fungi (WRF) immobilized on empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFB) to absorb Cu (II) metals in tailing. Based on growth rate, ligninolytic enzymes activity, and the absorption capacity of heavy metals, the superior WRF candidate was Omphalina sp. The ability of biomass Omphalina sp. to decrease the con-centrateion of Cu (II) with an initial concentration of 150 ppm, up to 63%. Omphalina sp. that immobilized on TKKS was able to reduce Cu (II) as much as 66-77% at pH 4.0 for 60 minutes. Abstrak Eksploitasi tambang tembaga dan emas banyak menghasilkan limbah tailing yang masih me-ngandung logam berat seperti Cu (II) dan Hg (II). Limbah tersebut berpotensi mencemari perairan dan lahan pertanian bila tidak ditangani dengan baik. Usaha untuk mengatasi limbah tailing dan sekaligus memekatkan (recovery) logam di dalam-nya dapat dilakukan dengan proses biosorpsi menggunakan sel mikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan menetapkan kemampuan biomassa jamur pelapuk putih (JPP) yang diimobilisasi pada tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dalam mengabsorpsi ion logam Cu (II). Metode biosorpsi logam yang digunakan dengan sistem batch dengan kadar logam 300 ppm, 200 ppm,dan 150 ppm. Hasil seleksi JPP berdasarkan laju pertumbuhan, aktivitas enzim ligninolitik, dan penyerapan logam berat telah diperoleh kandidat JPP unggul yaitu Omphalina sp. Dalam media PDB, Omphalina sp. toleran terhadap Cu (II) hingga konsentrasi 150 ppm. Kemampuan biomassa Omphalina sp. untuk penurunan konsentrasi Cu (II) dengan konsentrasi awal 150 ppm yaitu mencapai 63%. Omphalina sp. yang diimobilisasi dengan TKKS mampu menurun- kan kandungan Cu (II) sebesar 66-77% pada pH 4.0 selama 60 menit.

Produksi Spirulina platensis dalam fotobioreaktor kontinyu menggunakan media limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit Production of Spirulina platensis in continous photobioreactor using palm oil mill effluent media . SUHARYANTO; . TRI-PANJI; Shinta PERMATASARI; Khaswar SYAMSU
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 82 No. 1: 82 (1), 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i1.25

AbstractCultivation of Spirulina platensis in an abundant available and inexpensive medium such as palm oil mill effluent (POME) will produce biomass and valuable active materials at competitive price. Utilization of POME will also reduce pollution level and support cleaned production. The objectives of this research were to determine the dilution rate of S. platensis and the reduction rate of pollution level of POME on continuous photobioreactor. Preliminary research was conducted by growing S. platensis on POME medium with various concentration, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% POME on batch system. The experiment was conducted in 1.2 L capacity continous photobioreactor using medium containing a mixture of POME and synthetic medium. Feeding rate was set up at 0.05 mL/5 sec. (dilution rate of 0.03 hr -1), 0,05 mL/10 sec. (dilution rate of 0.015 hr -1), and 0.05 mL/15 sec. (dilution rate of 0.01 hr -1). For optimum dilution rate, the experiment was scaled up eight times using 10 L capacity continous photobioreactor. The results showed that optimum growth rate of S. platensis (µmax) = 0.233, was achieved using medium consisting of 90% POME and 10% synthetic medium after two weeks. Dilution rate of 0.015 hr -1 on photobioreactor was the optimum dilution rate for growth of S. platensis as well as for decreasing polution level of POME. The result of the eight-times scale up photobioreactor using flow rate of 0.4 mL/10 sec and dilution rate of 0.015 hr -1 showed that the growth of S. platensis was relatively constant as reflected by the OD value of the suspension culture and the concentration of cellular biomass. At the optimum condition, production of S. platensis biomass was 0.267g/L and pollution level was decrease 24%. The rate of outflow also resulted the constant decrease of polution level based on total carbon (TC), total dissolve solid (TDS), dissolve oxygen (DO), BOD, and COD parameters indicating that continuous photobioreactor was running at steady state.Abstrak Kultivasi S. platensis dalam media yang tersedia me-limpah dan murah seperti limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LC-PKS) akan menghasilkan biomassa dan bahan aktif bernilai ekonomi tinggi dengan harga kompetitif. Pemanfaatan LC-PKS juga akan mengurangi dampak pen-cemaran lingkungan dan membantu menciptakan sistem produksi bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan menetapkan laju dilusi optimum per-tumbuhan S. platensis dan laju penurunan tingkat cemaran LC-PKS pada fotobioreaktor sistem kontinyu. Untuk mengukur laju alir sistem kontinyu, pertama S. platensis ditumbuhkan pada media LC-PKS 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 90% dengan sistem batch. Pertum-buhan S. platensis pada fotobioreaktor sistem kontinyu kapasitas 1,2 L dirancang dengan variasi laju alir umpan berupa LC-PKS yang dicampur media sintetik pada konsentrasi optimum. Variasi laju alir pengumpanan diatur pada variasi 0.05 mL/5 detik (laju dilusi 0,03 jam-1), 0,05 mL /10 detik (laju dilusi 0,015 jam -1), dan 0,05 mL/15 detik (laju dilusi 0,01 jam-1). Pada laju alir optimum, skala percobaan diperbesar delapan kali menggunakan foto-bioreaktor berkapasitas 10 L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan maksimum (µ maks) adalah 0,233 jam-1 yang diperoleh dengan campuran media LC-PKS 90% dan media sintetik 10% selama dua minggu. Fotobioreaktor dengan laju dilusi 0,015 jam-1 merupakan laju alir umpan yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan S. platensis serta menghasilkan penurunan tingkat cemaran LC-PKS yang optimum. Hasil penelitian dengan perbesaran skala delapan kali menggunakan laju alir pengumpan 0,4 mL/10 detik (laju dilusi 0,015 jam-1) menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan S. platensis relatif konstan. Produksi biomassa sel rata-rata sebesar 0,267g/L dan kadar cemaran limbah rata-rata menurun sebesar 24%. Laju alir keluar (outflow) juga menghasilkan kadar cemaran limbah yang konstan ber-dasarkan parameter total karbon (TC), total dissolve solid (TDS), dissolve oxygen (DO), BOD, dan COD yang menunjukkan bahwa sistem fotobioreaktor kontinyu ini berjalan dengan baik.

Isolasi dan mikroenkapsulasi vitamin E dari crude palm oil sebagai sumber antioksidan bahan pangan Isolation and microencapsulation of vitamin E from crude palm oil as source of food antioxidant Irma KRESNAWATY; Asmini BUDIANI; . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 80 No. 2: 80 (2), 2012
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v80i2.38

AbstractIn order to increase value added and to support downstream industry of palm oil, minor components of the oil such as β-carotene and vitamin E should be utilized. Vitamin E is a high value vitamin that could be used as material for pharmaceutical and neutraceutical products. Technological constraints encountered in the utilization of vitamin E from CPO are lack of optimal extraction and purification method as well as the way to stabilize of the product. The research was conducted to find optimal extraction and purification method of vitamin E from CPO and microencapsulation method of vitamin E as pharmaceutical and neutraceutical product. The research showed that vitamin E could be recovered from CPO by several steps process including saponification using NaOH, separation of unsaponificated solution, followed by dissolution using 2-propanol in hexane and extraction using methanol. Raw extract of vitamin E was then purified by coloumn chromatography with stationary phase of silica gel and mobile phase (eluent) of petroleum benzene/ diethyl ether/acetic acid 70 : 30 : 0,2. Purified vitamin E could be collected as fraction 4-8. Vitamin E obtained had similar antioxidant activity as in pure vitamin E (Sigma) and vitamin C. Microencapsulation method could be conducted using arabic gum as coating material followed by spray drying and resulted IC50-DPPH value 132.55 ppm which considered middle activity category.AbstrakUntuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dan mengem-bangkan industri hilir minyak kelapa sawit (CPO), komponen minor minyak tersebut seperti vitamin E dan β-karoten perlu dimanfaatkan. Vitamin E merupakan produk bernilai ekonomis tinggi sebagai bahan farmaseutikal dan neutrasetikal. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemanfaatan vitamin E dari CPO, yaitu belum tersedianya teknik ekstraksi dan purifikasi yang optimal dan cara memper-tahankan stabilitas vitamin E. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh teknik ekstraksi dan purifikasi vitamin E dari CPO dan teknik mikroenkapsulasi vitamin E sebagai bahan farmaseutikal dan neutrasetikal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vitamin E dapat diproduksi dengan beberapa tahapan yakni saponifikasi dengan NaOH, pemisahan lapisan pekat tak tersabunkan, pelarutan dengan2-propanol dalam heksana, ekstraksi dengan metanol dan pelarutan ekstrak dengan 2-propanol dalam heksana. Ekstrak kasar vitamin E dimurnikan dengan kromatografi kolom dengan fasa diam silika gel dan fasa gerak petroleum benzen/dietil eter/asam asetat = 70 : 30 : 0,2. Vitamin E dapat dimurnikan pada fraksi ke-4 sampai dengan ke-8. Aktivitas antioksidan vitamin E hasil ekstraksi tersebut setara dengan vitamin E murni (Sigma). Teknik mikroenkapsulasi vitamin E hasil ekstraksi dari CPO dapat dilakukan dengan penyalut gum arab dan pengeringan dengan spray dryer yang menghasilkan anti-oksidan dengan aktivitas IC50 DPPH = 132,55 ppm yang termasuk kategori beraktivitas sedang.

Optimasi produksi diasilgliserol dari crude palm oil menggunakan lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari Rhizopus oryzae TP-2 Optimation of diacylglycerol production from crude palm oil using specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from Rhizopus oryzae TP-2 . SUHARYANTO; . TRI-PANJI; Urip PERWITASARI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 79 No. 1: 79 (1), 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.69

AbstractModern lifestyle caused the increasing prevalence ofobesity that precedes degenerative disease such as coronarycardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, stroke, anddiabetes mellitus. Use of healthy oil in the daily food diet couldreduce the risk of the disease. One of healthy oils that proved tobe useful for human health is diacylglycerol (DAG).Unfortunately, production of DAG in Indonesia is hampered bythe relatively high price of the lipase enzyme. To overcome theprovision of costly imported lipase in producing DAG, aresearch was conducted by employing crude extract of lipaseenzyme from an indigenous mold namely Rhizopus oryzaeTP-2. Crude extract of lipase enzyme from mycelium culturefiltrate was freeze dryed and used for crude palm oil (CPO)bioconversion through glycerolysis at various processcondition. The objective of this research was to determineoptimum variable of temperature, incubation time, amount ofsubstrate and pH in producing DAG from CPO using lipase ofR. oryzae TP-2. The reseach result showed that lipase fromR. oryzae TP-2 was proved to be specific at position of 1,3-glyceride as indicated by glycerolysis products i.e DAG/TAGratio 0.48 higher than that of FFA/TAG ratio 0.06. Optimumconditions for glycerolysis were at temperature 37 o C, pH 7,3 g of CPO substrate, and 18 hours of incubation time. DAGyield by this optimum condition reach as much as 20.76 % w/w.The lipase derived from this experiment produced DAG betterthan that of using imported commercially lipase enzyme ofRhizomucor meihei.AbstrakGaya hidup modern telah menyebabkan meningkatnyakasus kegemukan yang berdampak timbulnya berbagaipenyakit degeneratif seperti jantung koroner, hiper-kolesterolemia, stroke dan diabetes mellitus. Penggunaanminyak sehat (healthy oil) sebagai menu diet sehari-hari dapatmengurangi faktor risiko penyakit tersebut. Salah satu jenisminyak sehat yang terbukti berdampak positif pada kesehatanmanusia adalah diasilgliserol (DAG). Sayangnya, produksiDAG di Indonesia terkendala oleh mahalnya enzim lipasespesifik 1,3-gliserida yang masih harus diimpor. Untukmengatasi mahalnya enzim lipase impor dalam produksi DAGdari CPO, penelitian penggunaan ekstrak kasar lipase darikapang lokal Rhizopus oryzae TP-2 telah dilakukan. Ekstrakkasar lipase dari filtrat kultur miselium R. oryzae TP-2dikeringbekukan dan digunakan untuk biokonversi CPOmelalui proses gliserolisis pada berbagai kondisi reaksi.Penelitian bertujuan menetapkan peubah suhu, waktu, jumlahsubstrat dan pH optimum dalam produksi DAG menggunakanlipase dari R. oryzae TP-2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa enzim lipase R. oryzae TP-2 bersifat spesifik1,3-gliserida yang ditunjukkan oleh nisbah DAG/TAG, yaitu0,48 lebih besar dari nisbah ALB/TAG yaitu sebesar 0,06.Kondisi optimum untuk gliserolisis CPO adalah waktu inkubasiselama 18 jam, suhu reaksi 37°C, jumlah substrat CPO 3 g, danpH reaksi 7. Hasil DAG pada kondisi optimum gliserolisisadalah 20,76 %. (b/b). Lipase R. oryzae TP-2 yang digunakandalam penelitian ini menghasilkan DAG lebih tinggi dari padalipase impor asal Rhizomucor meihei.

Pemurnian diasilgliserol dari produk gliserolisis minyak sawit mentah dengan kromatografi kolom Purification of diacylglycerol from glycerolysis products of crude palm oil using column chromatography . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; Urip PERWITASAR
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 79 No. 1: 79 (1), 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.71

AbstractVegetable oil enriched with diacylglycerol (DAG) isknown as healthy oil. This oil is much more expensive thancooking oil. Production of DAG could be performed byglycerolysis process of CPO using specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from Rhizopus oryzae mold. Product derived fromglycerolysis process of CPO is a mixture of DAG, mono-acylglycerol (MAG), free fatty acid (FFA) and residual ofunglycerolysed triacylglyserol (TAG). Therefore the DAGproduct has to be isolated from other components in order toget high purity of DAG. The objective of the research was topurify and to find out optimal concentration of DAG derivedfrom a mixture product of CPO glycerolysis at laboratoryscale experiment (total reactant for glycerolysis was93.8 mL) and semipilot scale experiment (10 times oflaboratory scale) using column chromatography with silicagel as stationary phase. The research showed that thehighest DAG content could be collected at fraction of 26 th i.e65%, while at semipilot scale experiment the highest contentof DAG (97%) was achieved at 64 to 66th fraction.Reglycerolysis of residual CPO only yielded 8.24%glycerolysis product which was much lower than that of thefirst glycerolysis reaching 46.67%. The highest DAG derivedfrom the second reglycerolysis product was achieved at 24 thfraction reaching 35.71 % .AbstrakMinyak nabati kaya kandungan diasilgliserol (DAG)dikenal sebagai minyak sehat (healthy oil). Minyak ini jauhlebih mahal dari minyak makan biasa. Produksi DAG dapatdilakukan dengan proses gliserolisis CPO menggunakanenzim lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari kapang Rhizopusoryzae. Produk gliserolisis CPO triasilgliserol adalahcampuran DAG, monoasilgliserol (MAG) dan asam lemakbebas (ALB) serta residu triasilgliserol (TAG) yang tidaktergliserolisis. Oleh karena itu DAG yang terbentuk harusdipisahkan dari komponen lainnya agar diperoleh fraksi DAGdengan kemurnian tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmemurnikan dan menetapkan konsentrasi DAG yang dapatdiperoleh dari gliserolisis CPO skala lab (total reaktan93,8 mL) dan skala semipilot (10 kali skala laboratorium)dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan fase padat silikagel. Residu TAG dari gliserolisis pertama digunakan untukgliserolisis kedua atau gliserolisis ulang. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa fraksi DAG dengan konsentrasitertinggi diperoleh pada fraksi ke-26 yaitu sebesar 65%,sedangkan pada percobaan dengan skala semipilot (10 kaliskala laboratorium) diketahui bahwa konsentrasi DAGtertinggi (97%) diperoleh pada fraksi ke-64 sampai denganke-66. Gliserolisis kedua dari residu CPO hanya mampumenghidrolisis TAG menjadi campuran DAG, MAG danALB sekitar 8,24%, lebih kecil dari reaksi gliserolisispertama yaitu sebesar 46,67%. DAG tertinggi yang berhasildikumpulkan dari produk gliserolisis kedua adalah padafraksi ke-24 yaitu sebesar 35,71% .

Optimisasi dan pemurnian IAA yang dihasilkan Rhizobium sp. dalam medium serum lateks dengan suplementasi triptofan dari pupuk kandang Optimization and purification of IAA produced by Rhizobium sp. in latex serum media supplemented with tryptophan from chicken manure Irma KRESNAWATY; Syeda ANDANAWARIH; . SUHARYANTO; . TRI-PANJI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 76 No. 2: 76 (2), 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v76i2.83

Summary Concentrated latex effluent had not been economically utilized, consequently it had become source of environmental pollution and conflicts with surrounding community. Whereas, the concentrated latex effluent could be used as substrate for microbes growth media due to its high concentration of carbon and nitrogen. One of the economical benefits of growing Rhizobium sp. in this waste is the production of indole acetic acid (IAA) that can be used for plant promotion growth. The aims of this research were to get the optimal IAA production of Rhizobium sp. by optimizing its tryptophan supplementation through hydrolysis of chicken manure and to purify IAA produced using chromatographic method. The use of chicken manure directly caused the browning effect, therefore these experiments were carried out the variation of NaOH 2 N hydrolysis treatments to reduce the effect. Direct hydrolysis as the first media was obtained by mixing latex serum and manure, and then this mixture was hydrolyzed. Meanwhile, separated hydrolysis was done by adding water to manure, being hydrolyzed, and divided to become second and third media. The second media was made by mixing manure hydrolysate and latex serum directly, whereas in third media, hydrolisate was added with alum as coagulating agent. Rhizobium sp. was then inoculated to all media and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hours in 27-30oC. IAA was analyzed by spectrophotometric method with Salkowsky reagent and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). IAA was then extracted with ethyl acetate and purified with silica gel column chromatography. The separated hydrolysis without coagulation (second media) produced the highest IAA concentration, that is 14.40 mg/mL, whereas IAA produced by direct hydrolysis (first media) was 14.13 mg/mL and 0.90 mg/mL for third media during 48 hours. The fractionation result for each mediums showed that the highest IAA distribution in first media was the 12th fraction (38.70%), meanwhile in second media was the 15th fraction (50.25%) and in the third media was the 13th fraction (26.16%). Ringkasan Limbah lateks pekat saat ini belum di-manfaatkan secara ekonomis, bahkan menjadi sumber pencemaran lingkungan dan konflik dengan masyarakat sekitarnya. Padahal limbah lateks pekat dapat digunakan sebagai substrat pertumbuhan mikroba karena memiliki kandungan karbon dan nitrogen yang cukup tinggi. Salah satu nilai ekonomis yang dapat diperoleh dengan ditumbuhkannya Rhizobium sp. pada limbah tersebut, yaitu dihasilkannya asam indol asetat (indol acetic acid/IAA) yang dapat digunakan untuk memacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh produksi IAA optimal yang dihasilkan Rhizobium sp. dengan asupan triptofan dari hidrolisis pupuk kandang dan memurnikan IAA yang dihasilkan tersebut dengan metode kromatografi. Penggunaan pupuk kandang secara langsung menyebabkan efek pen-cokelatan, maka dilakukan variasi perlakuan hidrolisis dengan NaOH 2 N untuk mengurangi efek tersebut. Hidrolisis langsung sebagai medium pertama diperoleh dengan mencampur serum lateks dan pupuk kandang, sedangkan hidrolisis terpisah dilakukan dengan menambah pupuk kandang dengan air, dan dibagi menjadi medium kedua dan ketiga. Medium kedua dibuat dengan cara langsung mencampur hidrolisat dan serum lateks, sedangkan pada medium ketiga, hidrolisat diendapkan dengan alum sebagai bahan pengendap. Kemudian ke dalam masing-masing medium diinokulasi Rhizobium sp. dan diinkubasi selama 24 ,48, dan 72 jam pada suhu 27-30oC. Analisis IAA dilakukan secara spektrofotometri dengan metode Salkowski dan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). IAA diekstraksi menggunakan etil asetat dan dimurnikan dengan kromatografi kolom silika gel. Hidrolisis terpisah tanpa pengendapan (medium kedua) menghasilkan IAA tertinggi, yaitu 14,40 mg/mL, sedangkan hidrolis langsung (medium pertama) menghasilkan IAA sebesar 14,13 mg/mL dan medium ketiga sebesar 0,90 mg/mL selama 48 jam. Hasil fraksinasi untuk masing-masing medium menunjukkan sebaran IAA tertinggi pada medium pertama berada pada fraksi ke-12 (38,70%), sedangkan pada medium kedua pada fraksi ke-15 (50,25%), dan pada medium ketiga ialah fraksi ke-13 (26,16%).

Produksi dan kualitas jamur tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) pada beberapa konsentrasi limbah sludge pabrik kertas Production and quality of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on selected concentration of sludge of paper industry Happy WIDIASTUTI; . TRI-PANJI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 76 No. 2: 76 (2), 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v76i2.86

Summary An experiment has been conducted to study the effect of sludge concentration, waste of paper industry using raw material of recycled paper, as media on oyster mushroom production and quality. Twelve treatment tested are combination of two oyster mushroom strains are oyster mushroom of Bogor (JTB) and oyster mushroom of Taiwan (JTT), three media composition (sawdust, sludge, and sawdust+ sludge (50/50, v/v), and two levels of supplement addition (with rice bran+gypsum+ lime and without) with 10 replications. The production of the mushroom was conducted in bag log capacity of 1 kg fresh weight (water content 50%). The result showed that sludge can be used as mixture of oyster mushroom production with the composition 50:50 v/v of sawdust and sludge. Since the higher number of contamination, addition of supplement reduce oyster mushroom production as well as biological efficiency, but increased protein content of fruiting body. The content of Cd, and Pb were below the permissible limits, Cu was higher than the limits but still in the range. The Fe content of mushroom fruit body was higher both in sawdust (147.92 – 149.56 ppm) and sawdust+sludge (295.82 – 335.12 ppm) as media. However, the uptake of Fe of JTT was less (49.08-59.64 ppm) compared to that of JTB (147.92-335.12 ppm).Ringkasan Penelitian dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi sludge limbah pabrik kertas berbahan baku karton bekas sebagai medium terhadap produksi dan kualitas jamur tiram. Dua belas perlakuan yang diuji merupakan kombinasi dua galur jamur tiram, yaitu Jamur Tiram Bogor (JTB) dan Jamur Tiram Taiwan (JTT), tiga jenis komposisi medium (serbuk gergaji, sludge, dan sludge+ serbuk gergaji), dan dua tingkat suplemen (dengan dan tanpa) yang diulang 10 kali untuk masing-masing perlakuan. Produksi jamur tiram dilakukan menggunakan bag log berkapasitas 1 kg basah (kadar air 50%). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa sludge dapat digunakan sebagai campuran serbuk gergaji dalam produksi jamur tiram dengan per-bandingan 50:50 (v/v). Pemberian suplemen menurunkan produksi jamur tiram demikian pula efisiensi biologi namun meningkatkan kadar protein tubuh buah. Di dalam tubuh buah JTB, kandungan logam Cd, dan Pb berada di bawah batas yang diijinkan, sedangkan kandungan Cu di atas ambang walaupun masih dalam kisaran. Kandungan Fe dalam tubuh buah jamur relatif tinggi baik yang ditumbuhkan pada serbuk gergaji sebagai medium standar (147,92 - 149,56 ppm) maupun yang ditumbuhkan pada medium campuran sludge+serbuk gergaji (295,82 - 335,12 ppm). Serapan Fe tubuh buah JTT jauh lebih rendah (49,08- 59,64 ppm) dibandingkan dengan serapan Fe JTB (147,92-335,12 ppm).

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