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All Journal JURNAL HUKUM DiH : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Hasanuddin Law Review Sociological Jurisprudence Journal Jurnal Notariil Journal Equity of Law and Governance Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum Jurnal Preferensi Hukum (JPH) Postgraduated Community Service Journal Lex Publica Community Services Journal (CSJ) Jurnal Analogi Hukum
suryawan, Gusti Bagus
Universitas Warmadewa
Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Criminal Liability of Doctors in Telemedicine Health Services M. Ngurah Yogie Khrsna; I Wayan Wesna Astara; I Nyoman Gede Sugiarta; I Gusti Bagus Suryawan
Journal Equity of Law and Governance Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Journal Equity of Law and Governance
Publisher : Warmadewa Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/elg.8.1.2026.16-28

Abstract

The criminal liability of doctors in telemedicine services often becomes a focal point in legal proceedings, especially when undesired outcomes occur for patients or their families. Meanwhile, inaccuracies in patient-provided information are sometimes overlooked or receive less attention. Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health serves as the legal foundation for clarifying criminal acts and the criminal liability of doctors in telemedicine services, particularly when issues arise from factors beyond their control, such as technological limitations, incomplete patient information, and the appropriateness of medical practice. This study aims to determine whether adverse outcomes from telemedicine services for patients or their families constitute criminal acts and can be held accountable under the law. The research employs legal methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal that patient dissatisfaction with services or doctor negligence may lead to legal issues classified as criminal acts. Actions considered criminal in telemedicine include those prohibited by law and subject to penalties under the Health Law. Criminal liability arises if a doctor’s error results in serious harm, such as adverse outcomes from diagnoses or treatments conducted without adequate physical examinations, making the doctor subject to criminal sanctions under applicable laws.
Reconstruction of Source-Based Waste Management Policy in Supporting Sustainable Tourism in Bali Yohanes I Wayan Suryadi; Ni Luh Made Mahendrawati; I Gusti Bagus Suryawan
Journal Equity of Law and Governance Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Journal Equity of Law and Governance
Publisher : Warmadewa Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/elg.8.1.2026.45-53

Abstract

This study examines the reconstruction of source-based waste management policies in supporting sustainable tourism in Bali which faces major problems in the aspect of policy implementation. Although there have been various regulations, the existing regulations are still declarative, not yet operational, and have not been able to integrate the legal substance, institutional structure, and legal culture of the community. On the other hand, Bali has the strength of local values such as Tri Hita Karana and mutual cooperation that have not been fully institutionalized in the formal legal system, so waste management still depends on social awareness, not binding legal obligations. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative, conceptual, and comparative legal approach to practice in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore. The results of the study show the need for policy reconstruction through a hybrid legal system model that integrates state law, customary law, economic instruments, education, and technology. This model emphasizes strengthening operational norms, institutional integration, and the proportional role of traditional villages and tourism industry players. Thus, waste management not only improves the quality of the environment, but also strengthens the competitiveness of Bali's sustainable and ecologically just tourism.
The Legality of the Surrogate Mother Agreement Reviewed from Indonesian Civil Law Yohanes I Wayan Suryadi; Ni Luh Made Mahendra Wati; I Wayan Wesna Astara; I Gusti Bagus Suryawan; Johannes Ibrahim Kosasih
Lex Publica Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58829/lp.12.1.2025.279

Abstract

This research explores the legality of surrogate mother (uterus rental) agreements under Indonesian civil law, particularly given the absence of clear regulations governing such arrangements. The study aims to examine both the legal status of surrogate mother agreements and the legal status of children born through surrogacy, based on the provisions of the Indonesian Civil Code. This is a normative legal study employing a statutory approach, with secondary data collected through literature review and analyzed using descriptive-analytical methods. The findings indicate surrogate mother agreements are not legally valid under Indonesian civil law, as they fail to meet the essential requirements for a valid contract. The legal status of children born from such agreements depends on specific conditions. If the intended (biological) parents wish to establish a legal relationship with the child, they must go through an adoption process. Furthermore, the marital status of the surrogate mother determines the child’s legal status: (a) if the surrogate mother is legally married, the child is presumed to be the legitimate child of the surrogate and her spouse; (b) if the surrogate mother is unmarried or widowed, the child is considered to be born out of wedlock.
Co-Authors A.A. Ayu Wulan Pramesti A.A. Ayu Wulan Pramesti Agus Wandayuda Anak Agung Bagus Brameswara Somanatha Anak Agung Gede Wiweka Narendra Anak Agung Ngurah Bagus Raditya Wikananta Ayu Putu Putri Shinta Dewi Cesaltina Angela Soares Gede Nofantara Putra Hasibuan, Nella I Dewa Gede Anggarisna I Gde Pasek Ari Krisnadana I Gede Ary Setiawan I Gede Kresna Udayana I Gede Ngurah Bayu Krisna I Gusti Agung Ngurah Diego Arimbawa I Gusti Ayu Mas Yuni I Gusti Ayu Suanti Karnadi Singgi I Gusti Made Bayu Nugraha I Gusti Ngurah Putra Pratama I Gusti Ngurah Raka Wedatama I Kadek Andika Setiawan I Komang Agustina Aditya Putra I Made Aditya Mantara Putra I Made Arif Dwi Cahyadi I Made Minggu Widyantara I Nyoman Gede Sugiarta I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha I Nyoman Sutama I Nyoman Sutama I Nyoman Sutama I NYOMAN SUTAMA I Putu Ngurah Aryana I Putu Satya Guna Dharma I Putu Satya Guna Dharma I Wayan Arthana I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Rideng I Wayan Wesna Astara I Wayan Wirya Sastrawan I. A. Wulan Prawesti I. B. Komang Suarka Indah Permatasari Indah Permatasari Johannes Ibrahim Kosasih Jon Samuel Sonbay Klaustra Adhi Permana Klaustra Adhi Permana Klaustra Adhi Permana Luh Putu Sudini Luh Putu suryani M. Ngurah Arya Yogie Krsna M. Ngurah Yogie Khrsna Made Ayu Wangi Utari Suryatika Mirela Maria Ribeiro Guterres Muhammad Ihsan Ni Gek Ayu Septi Nohanaa Ni Gusti Ketut Sri Astiti Ni Komang Arini Styawati Ni Luh Made Mahendra Wati Ni Luh Made Mahendrawati Ni Luh Putu Suryani Ni Made Faniasih Ni Putu Ayu Sutarini Dewi NM Jaya Senastri NM Jaya Senastri Putu Gede Satya Wiguna Putu Suryani . Ria Trisnomurti Senastri, Ni Made Jaya Senastri, Ni Made Jaya Serly Septiana Panca Putri Soares, Cesaltina Angela Suryani, Luh Putu Trisnomurti, Ria Wayan Arthanaya Widiati, Ida Ayu Putu Wiguna, Putu Gede Satya Yohanes I Wayan Suryadi Yohanes I Wayan Suryadi