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All Journal Al-Risalah : Jurnal Imu Syariah dan Hukum Arena Hukum Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syariah dan Masyarakat Jurnal Daulat Hukum Jurnal Akta Jurnal Darma Agung LEGAL BRIEF JURNAL RECTUM: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana Jurnal Hukum Kaidah: Media Komunikasi dan Informasi Hukum dan Masyarakat UNES Journal of Swara Justisia Law Development Journal Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum Jurnal Preferensi Hukum (JPH) Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Tjut Nyak Dhien Journal of Legal and Cultural Analytics (JLCA) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies PKM Maju UDA SASI Realism: Law Review Jurnal Mutiara Hukum Al-Mahkamah: Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Pemerintahan
Atika Sunarto
Universitas Prima Indonesia
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Customary Law for Equitable Spatial Planning: Preventing Social Bankruptcy and Enhancing Community Welfare Adnan, Muhammad Ali; Sunarto, Atika; Khair, Azizan
SASI Volume 32 Issue 1, March 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/sasi.v32i1.3467

Abstract

Introduction: This study examines the role of customary law as an instrument for equitable spatial planning in preventing socio-economic bankruptcy and enhancing the welfare of indigenous communities in Indonesia. As a living and dynamic legal system, customary law embodies values of ecological balance, deliberation, and restrictions on land conversion without community consent. However, in practice, many regional spatial planning policies have failed to integrate customary norms, resulting in spatial conflicts and social disintegration.Purposes of the Research:  The research aims to analyze how customary law can serve as both a normative and practical foundation for equitable spatial planning, and how integrating local values can prevent social bankruptcy while strengthening the welfare of indigenous peoples.Methods of the Research: This study employs a normative-juridical approach combined with socio-legal analysis to examine the interaction between statutory law and customary practices in spatial management, supported by case studies of customary land conflicts in Salang Tungir Village (Deli Serdang Regency) and Aras Napal Village (Langkat Regency).Results of the Research: Findings indicate that neglecting customary law norms in spatial planning leads to the loss of community access to productive spaces, weakens local economies, and triggers social conflicts. Conversely, applying customary law in spatial planning—through recognition of customary rights, consent mechanisms, and active community participation—fosters spatial justice and enhances community welfare. This study introduces the concept of “customary law-based spatial planning,” which integrates local values with principles of social and ecological justice in national spatial planning policies, offering a framework for more inclusive and sustainable development.
Defamation on Social Media: A Review of Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code Atika Sunarto; Ahmad Taris Arrofi; Muhammad Ali Adnan
Jurnal Daulat Hukum Vol 9, No 1 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/jdh.v9i1.51640

Abstract

The development of social media as a digital public space brings both benefits and legal risks, particularly concerning defamation. Under Indonesian civil law, such acts can be classified as unlawful acts based on Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code, which obliges the perpetrator to compensate for damages. This study aims to analyze legal policies regarding defamation on social media and the implementation of Article 1365 of the Civil Code in practice. The method used is normative juridical, examining legislation, legal doctrines, and judicial practice. The results indicate that Article 1365 plays a crucial role in providing legal protection, both for material and immaterial losses. However, its application faces challenges, including evidence collection, identification of anonymous perpetrators, and the limited capacity of law enforcement authorities. Strengthening digital literacy and supporting cyber-legal infrastructure are necessary to ensure the effectiveness of legal protection for victims.
Legal Protection for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Vacant Land Lease Agreements Atika Sunarto; Stefani Sitinjak; Lenolewis Hiskia Purba; Muhammad Ali Adnan
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i3.3246

Abstract

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy as they generate employment, create business opportunities, and strengthen local economic resilience. However, in contractual relationships, MSMEs are often in a disadvantaged position due to limited capital, lack of legal knowledge, and restricted access to legal assistance, making them vulnerable to losses when disputes arise with landowners. This study employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. The findings indicate that, normatively, Article 1548 of the Indonesian Civil Code stipulates that a lease agreement grants the lessee the right to enjoy the benefits of the leased object with the obligation to pay rent. In practice, however, MSMEs are frequently disadvantaged due to unbalanced standard clauses or the landowner’s lack of good faith. Legal protection for MSMEs can be realized through fair contractual arrangements, mediation mechanisms for dispute resolution, and the application of the principle of legal certainty as regulated under Articles 1338 and 1243 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Providing legal protection in vacant land lease agreements is essential to ensure business sustainability and prevent exploitative leasing practices against weaker parties. The role of the state through effective regulation and supervision, as well as the enforcement of the principle of good faith by landowners, is crucial. Legal certainty is achieved when each party respects their respective rights and obligations proportionally.
Analisis Kontrak Kerja dan Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pekerja Informal Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 (Studi Kasus Pada Driver Go-Jek) Atika Sunarto; Puspita Grace Angelia Lumbantobing; Derisman Zebua; Muhammad Ali Adnan; Tajuddin Noor
Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/juinhum.4.2.7787.171-176

Abstract

Akibat penutupan perusahaan akibat wabah COVID-19, tingkat pengangguran meningkat, terutama di Indonesia. Namun, karena mereka mengizinkan para penganggur untuk mendaftar sebagai pengemudi transportasi online, platform transportasi ini muncul sebagai alternatif yang disambut baik bagi mereka selama pandemi. Go-Jek adalah salah satu platform yang lebih terkenal di Indonesia. Pemilik Aplikasi GO-JEK dan pengelola penyedia layanan pihak ketiga yang bekerja sama dengan GO-JEK Indonesia adalah PT. Aplikasi Karya Anak Bangsa (AKAB). Alih-alih menggunakan kontrak kerja yang tercakup dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan, GO-JEK Indonesia menjalin kerjasama dengan driver melalui perjanjian kemitraan. Komponen kemitraan ini disorot selama pendaftaran kemitraan atau dengan mengacu pada KUH Perdata. Penelitian ini bersifat normatif, dengan menggunakan hukum sebagai kerangka acuan utama. Karena kedua PT. GO-JEK Indonesia dan driver GO-JEK memiliki kedudukan yang sama sebagai rekanan yang ditetapkan dengan Akta Penanda Tangan, mereka memiliki hubungan hukum sebagai suatu persekutuan. Namun, Pengadilan Negeri atau pengadilan umum, bukan pengadilan hubungan industrial, yang berwenang mengadili hal-hal tersebut dalam hal terjadi perselisihan atau perselisihan.
Implementasi Hukum Terhadap Merek Sebagai Konsep Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Atika Sunarto; Muhammad Ali Adnan; Christina Karo Karo; Azizan Khair
Jurnal Preferensi Hukum Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023): Jurnal Preferensi Hukum
Publisher : Warmadewa Press

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Abstract

Merek memiliki peran penting sebagai simbol yang membedakan produk atau jasa dari pesaingnya. Perlindungan merek diperlukan untuk mencegah penggunaan yang tidak sah dan menjaga reputasi produsen. Di Indonesia, mekanisme perlindungan merek diatur oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme perlindungan merek di Indonesia, mengidentifikasi hambatan yang mungkin dihadapi pemilik merek, dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas perlindungan merek. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan fokus pada analisis terhadap regulasi dan undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan merek di Indonesia. Data diperoleh dari literatur hukum, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan kasus-kasus terkait. Mekanisme perlindungan merek di Indonesia terdiri dari proses pendaftaran merek, pengumuman, pemeriksaan substansif oleh Kantor Merek, dan penerbitan sertifikat merek. Sistem ini memungkinkan pemilik merek mendapatkan hak eksklusif atas penggunaan merek tersebut selama jangka waktu tertentu. Perlindungan merek di Indonesia melibatkan proses pendaftaran yang relatif mudah, namun tantangan mungkin muncul dalam penegakan hak. Rekomendasi dapat diberikan untuk memperkuat penegakan hukum dan memastikan efektivitas perlindungan merek sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman dan perdagangan global.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Lingkungan Dalam Pembangunan Ibukota Nusantara Muhammad Ali Adnan; Atika Sunarto; Desnico Parhusip; Azizan Khair
Jurnal Preferensi Hukum Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023): Jurnal Preferensi Hukum
Publisher : Warmadewa Press

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Abstract

Pembangunan Ibukota Nusantara merupakan proyek penting untuk memindahkan ibu kota Indonesia dari Jakarta ke lokasi baru, sebagai respons terhadap masalah serius yang dihadapi Jakarta, seperti kemacetan, polusi udara, dan risiko banjir. Tujuan utamanya adalah meningkatkan kualitas hidup penduduk, menciptakan kota berkelanjutan, dan mengurangi beban Jakarta. Namun, proyek ini menimbulkan tantangan lingkungan seperti kerusakan habitat, polusi udara, air, dan tanah, serta potensi deforestasi. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan yang berkelanjutan diperlukan dalam semua tahapan pembangunan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan analisis terhadap undang-undang, peraturan, dan kebijakan terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 32 tahun 2009 dan peraturan lainnya memberikan landasan konstitusional dan ketentuan perlindungan lingkungan yang harus dipatuhi. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan telah melakukan kajian, dan Analisis Dampak Lingkungan menjadi bagian integral dari pembangunan. Kendala muncul, tetapi pemerintah telah berupaya mengatasi dengan prinsip kota spons, pengelolaan air bersih, dan penerapan konsep Smart City. Kesimpulannya, perlindungan lingkungan harus diintegrasikan dalam semua tahap pembangunan Ibukota Nusantara, dan prinsip-prinsip seperti pencegahan, evaluasi dampak, dan partisipasi masyarakat harus dijunjung tinggi. Rekomendasi meliputi penguatan peraturan, implementasi efektif, peningkatan kesadaran, kolaborasi, pengawasan yang kuat, penggunaan teknologi, dan informasi hukum kepada masyarakat. Dengan langkah-langkah ini, diharapkan Ibukota Nusantara dapat dibangun dengan memperhatikan keberlanjutan lingkungan.
Legal Analysis of the Transfer of Land Rights of PTPN I in the Development of the Citrland Project Adnan, Muhammad Ali; Arkan, Muhammad; Siburian, Lamroni; Sunarto, Atika
Al-Risalah VOLUME 26 NO 1, MAY (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-risalah.vi.66762

Abstract

The transfer of land rights with the status of Right of Cultivation (HGU) owned by PT Perkebunan Nusantara I in the development of the Citraland project emphasizes aspects of legal certainty, administrative mechanisms, and the legal responsibilities of the parties involved. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, through an examination of agrarian legal norms, regulations governing the management of State-Owned Enterprise assets, legal doctrines, and relevant legal practices. The results of the study indicate that the transfer of HGU cannot be carried out directly to the developer; instead, it must first involve the relinquishment of the right so that the land reverts to state land, followed by the granting of new land rights by the land authority in accordance with spatial planning designations and construction permits. Legal responsibility is reciprocal in nature, whereby PTPN I is obligated to ensure the legality and accountability of state asset management, while the developer is required to fulfill all requirements for the acquisition of land rights and development permits in order to provide legal certainty and protection for good-faith members of the public. This study affirms that compliance with the principles of legality, transparency, and accountability constitutes a fundamental prerequisite to prevent disputes and potential state losses in the transfer of strategic assets.
Analisis Hukum Terhadap Pemilik Tanah Dalam Ruang Atas Dan Ruang Bawah Tanah Muhammad Ali Adnan; Siti Fatimah; Dinda Nathannia Aritonang; Atika Sunarto
SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum, Juni 2026
Publisher : LPPM Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi 45 Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55681/seikat.v5i3.2053

Abstract

Pemanfaatan ruang atas dan ruang bawah tanah dalam pembangunan infrastruktur publik, seperti overpass dan underpass, menimbulkan konsekuensi yuridis terhadap kedudukan serta ruang lingkup hak pemilik tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implikasi hukum pemanfaatan ruang bawah tanah serta bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pemilik tanah dalam praktik pembangunan underpass di Kota Medan, khususnya pada proyek Underpass Jalan HM Yamin. Dalam sistem hukum agraria nasional, Pasal 4 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria menyatakan bahwa hak atas tanah mencakup tubuh bumi serta ruang di atas dan di bawahnya sepanjang diperlukan untuk penggunaan tanah, namun hak tersebut tidak bersifat absolut karena dibatasi oleh prinsip fungsi sosial tanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin, dan kebijakan tata ruang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan ruang bawah tanah tidak menghapus hak kepemilikan di permukaan, tetapi menimbulkan pembatasan tertentu, seperti larangan pembangunan struktur yang berpotensi mengganggu infrastruktur publik. Implikasi hukum meliputi pembatasan hak vertikal, hak atas kompensasi jika terjadi kerugian, serta pentingnya kepastian hukum melalui perizinan dan pengawasan teknis. Perlindungan hukum bagi pemilik tanah diwujudkan melalui pengakuan hak atas permukaan tanah, pemberian ganti rugi yang layak, partisipasi masyarakat, serta mekanisme keberatan administratif dan peradilan. Namun, pengaturan teknis terkait batas ruang vertikal masih bersifat umum dan berpotensi menimbulkan multitafsir. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan regulasi yang lebih rinci agar tercipta keseimbangan antara kepentingan umum dan perlindungan hak pemilik tanah.
Legal Certainty Regarding The Right to Build on PT. KAI Land in the City of Medan Muhammad Ali Adnan; Matius Lewi Sinaga; Vincent Owen Tieson; Ernita Br Ginting; Atika Sunarto
Law Development Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ldj.8.2.719-731

Abstract

Land control by communities over state-owned assets, particularly land managed by PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI), raises legal issues concerning the certainty of land rights. This phenomenon occurs when communities occupy land over a long period without a valid legal basis, giving rise to conflicts between formal legality and social reality. The problem becomes more complex when the land is granted Building Use Rights to third parties. This study employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and empirical approaches, and is analyzed qualitatively. The results indicate that Building Use Rights over PT KAI’s land assets remain legally valid if issued in accordance with applicable regulations; however, in practice, they are often ineffective due to physical occupation by communities. Therefore, resolving such conflicts requires an integrated approach through administrative structuring, legal measures, and non-litigation mechanisms such as mediation, relocation, and compensation in order to achieve equitable legal certainty.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP DOKTER YANG MELAKUKAN PRAKTEK MEDIS MENYEBABKAN PASIEN MENINGGAL DUNIA Samuel Nainggolan; Ajeng Hanum Arditha Anggraeni; Jamalum Sinambela; Atika Sunarto; Istislam Istislam
Realism: Law Review Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Realism: Law Review
Publisher : Sabtida

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71250/rlr.v1i1.7

Abstract

Doctors are a noble profession. Doctors provide services to patients in the health sector with the aim of recovering from their illness. Doctors in carrying out their practice are guided by all the regulations that function in providing legal protection to themselves. Doctors do their best to seek health for patients regardless of the results. Sometimes the patient does not accept all medical actions performed by the doctor where the patient feels aggrieved. Especially if the patient dies, often the patient's family blames the doctor who treated the patient by saying that the doctor has committed medical malpractice. Therefore we need a legal certainty that regulates medical practice carried out by doctors in order to provide justice and legal protection for doctors in carrying out their duties.
Co-Authors Adnan, Ali Ahmad Taris Arrofi Aisyah Aisyah Ajeng Hanum Arditha Anggraeni Ali Adnan Ananda Geraldine Arkan, Muhammad Aruan, Anri Penataran Azizan Khair Azizan Khair Azizan Khair Christina Karo Karo Christina Karo Karo Derisman Zebua Desnico Parhusip Desnico Parhusip Dicky Alfredo Ginting Dinda Nathannia Aritonang Efendi, Stanley A. Elvira Fitryani Pakpahan Ernita Br Ginting Gideon Gultom, Sanjaya Iin Hotprinauli Purba Istislam, - Kaur, Pawiter Dinsha Kelly Kelly Kelly Kelly Keren Trifena Ompusunggu Khair, Azizan Lenolewis Hiskia Purba Maharani Maharani, Maharani Marlina Elisabeth Pakpahan Mashita Margaretha Manurung Matius Lewi Sinaga Mazmur Septian Rumapea Monica Monica MUHAMMAD ALI ADNAN Muhammad Arif Prasetyo Natal, Inson Putra Nestiani Gulo Noor, Tajuddin O.K. Isnainu Puspita Grace Angelia Lumbantobing Putri Anggraini Rodiatun Adawiyah Ronal Pranata Manullang Ruben Rezeky Sianturi Samuel Nainggolan Santo Satria Simanjuntak Siburian, Lamroni Siburian, Sukses M P Simarmata, Lucky Every Sinambela, Jamalum Siringo Ringo, Gideon Siti Fatimah Sitompul, Aryo Stanley A. Efendi Stefani Sitinjak Steven Canisius Malau Suhaila Zlkifli Suhaila Zulkifli Tajuddin Noor Tajuddin Noor Tajuddin Noor Tarigan, Erlangga P Suranta Vincent Owen Tieson Widodo Ramadhana Yanti Agustina Manik Zendrato, Rizaldo zulkifli, suhaila zulkifli