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Penyelesaian Wanprestasi Pada Perjanjian Bisnis Internasional Rosando, Abraham Ferry; Berhitoe, Eunike Emmanuela
Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Vol. 3 No. 5 (2023): Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

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Abstract

Seiring berkembangnya jaman maka hubungan lintas internasional pun terus bertambah. Melalui transaksi perdagangan atau bisnis modern yang terjadi antar negara menjadi kebutuhan setiap manusia. Transaksi perdagangan atau bisnis modern ini menimbulkan suatu perjanjian. Perjanjian yang dibuat ini didasarkan pada adanya kebutuhan yang sama dan tujuan untuk dapat mencapai sesuatu dengan cara perdagangan antar negara. Perjanjian ini merupakan hasil dari kesepakatan antara dua pihak atau lebih, di mana mereka secara bersama-sama mengikatkan diri untuk mencapai apa yang telah disetujui dalam perjanjian tersebut. Kemudian, Perjanjian yang dibuat karena adanya kesepakatan antara dua pihak sering kali menyebabkan terjadinya sengketa, terutama ketika salah satu pihak atau kedua pihak tidak memenuhi kewajiban yang seharusnya mereka lakukan sesuai dengan isi perjanjian. Kewajiban yang tidak di lakukan ini disebut dengan wanprestasi. Ini berarti bahwa terkadang, salah satu pihak tidak memenuhi kewajibannya dengan tidak memberikan prestasinya kepada pihak yang seharusnya menerima hak tersebut sesuai dengan perjanjian. Atau biasa dikenal dengan istilah cidera janji. Setiap sengketa yang terjadi ini untuk penyelesaiannya ada dua yakni, melalui jalur litigasi dan non litigasi. Dalam praktiknya, seringkali pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam sengketa memilih untuk menyelesaikannya melalui jalur non-litigasi karena dianggap lebih efisien dan efektif. Tetapi ada juga yang lebih memilih jalur litigasi karena dinilai putusannya lebih kuat dan lebih adil dalam menjadi penengah dalam permaslahan sengketa yang mereka hadapi.
LAND REGISTRATION IN URBAN AREAS (URBAN LAND REGISTRY): SPECIAL CHALLENGES OF LAND REGISTRATION IN SURABAYA CITY Abraham Ferry Rosando; Farida Rosadi
Akrab Juara : Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Yayasan Azam Kemajuan Rantau Anak Bengkalis

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Land registration is a strategic step in ensuring legal certainty over property rights in the Republic of Indonesia. However, in large, densely populated cities like Surabaya, this process faces complex challenges. This article examines specific issues in urban land registration, including abandoned land and squatter settlements. The research uses empirical juridical methods to examine the gap between regulations and implementation on the ground. The study reveals that low public participation, overlapping ownership, and weak law enforcement are key obstacles, alongside socio-economic issues such as squatter urbanization. This article recommends a participatory approach, reformulation of local regulations, and integration of land and housing policies as solutions.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KREDITUR AKIBAT HAPUSNYA HAK MILIK ATAS TANAH SEBAGAI OBJEK JAMINAN HAK TANGGUNGAN Firmansyah, Mochammad Alief Wahyu; Rosando, Abraham Ferry
SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum Vol. 2 No. 6 (2023): SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum, Desember 2023
Publisher : LPPM Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi 45 Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55681/seikat.v2i6.1069

Abstract

Kehilangan kepemilikan atas tanah yang digunakan sebagai jaminan hipotek dapat menimbulkan masalah hukum tertentu. UUHT Pasal 18 ayat (1) huruf d menyatakan bahwa suatu hipotek menjadi batal apabila hak milik yang dijaminkan atas barang itu hilang. Sekalipun hipoteknya hapus, perjanjian hutang atau tagihan antara kreditur dan debitur tetap sah. Karena jaminan perlindungan hukum yang diberikan bersifat umum dan tidak khusus, maka keadaan ini dapat merugikan penerima hipotek jika debitur tidak mampu memenuhi kewajibannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan mengacu pada berbagai peraturan hukum terkait dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang bagaimana hukum mengatur situasi ini dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk perbaikan atau peningkatan perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur dalam kasus seperti ini. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hilangnya hak milik atas tanah yang dijadikan jaminan hipotek juga mempengaruhi hilangnya hak tanggungan. Dalam situasi ini, kreditur mempunyai beberapa pilihan untuk menyelesaikan tuntutannya. Hal ini termasuk mengizinkan debitur untuk mengajukan permohonan ganti rugi atas hilangnya hak milik ke pengadilan negeri setempat, dan membuat adendum perjanjian pinjaman untuk perubahan agunan dan penegakan aset lainnya yang memerlukan persetujuan kedua belah pihak atau mengeksekusi harta kekayaan lain yang dimiliki oleh debitur. Apabila proses negosiasi tidak dapat tercapai, kreditur dapat menempuh upaya hukum dengan mengajukan gugatan melalui proses pengadilan.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM PENYIDIK POLISI YANG MELAKUKAN KEKERASAN DALAM TAHAP PENYELIDIKAN Abidin, Zainal; Rosando, Abraham Ferry
SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum Vol. 2 No. 6 (2023): SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum, Desember 2023
Publisher : LPPM Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi 45 Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55681/seikat.v2i6.1096

Abstract

Proses penyidikan yang dilakukan polisi sering dilakukan dengan disertai kekerasan, sehingga hal ini perlu kejelasan pertanggungjawaban hukum. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan pertanggungjawaban penyidik yang melakukan tindakan kekerasan dalam proses penyidikan dan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap hak tersangka dalam proses penyidikan. Penelitian yang dikembangkan menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menjawab pertanyaan hukum melalui kaidah dari hukum, asas hukum maupun doktrin hukum sehingga menghasilkan jawaban yang pasti setiap topik yang dibahas. Hasilnya menunjukkan pertanggungjawaban penyidik polisi yang melakukan tindakan kekerasan dalam proses penyidikan belum terlaksana sebagaimana mestinya karena kurangnya pengawasan dari divisi Propam Polri serta juga minimnya informasi tentang data. Pertanggungjawaban hukum diatur dalam Pasal 351 KUHP, dengan sanksi Pidana berupa hukuman pidana penjara 2 tahun 8 bulan dan jika luka berat dapat dipidana sampai paling lama 5 tahun. Selain sanksi pidana dapat juga dikenakan sanksi pelanggaran kode etik berupa teguran tertulis, Mutasi, hingga PTDH atau pemberhentian tidak dengan hormat. Bentuk Perlindungan hukum terhadap hak tersangka yang menjadi korban dalam tahap penyidikan adalah dengan tidak melakukan tindakan semena-mena yaitu kekerasan dan harus melindungi Hak Asasi nya.
CONFLICT BETWEEN LEGAL NORMS AND COMMUNITY TRADITIONS: LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST ACTS OF VIOLENCE AND ANIMAL ABUSE IN THE BULL RACING TRADITION Devi Nadhilah; Abraham Ferry Rosando
Akrab Juara : Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Yayasan Azam Kemajuan Rantau Anak Bengkalis

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The Karapan Sapi tradition is a cultural heritage of the Madurese people that has high social and economic value. However, in its implementation, acts of violence against the oxen occur, which are legal violations that still continue to this day. This research discusses criminal responsibility for acts of violence and animal abuse in Karapan Sapi, to find out the government’s efforts and forms of protection for animals in the implementation of Karapan Sapi. This research uses a normative juridical method with a conceptual and statute approach to examine laws and regulations related to the issue. The results show that law enforcement is still not implemented even though regulations prohibiting violence against animals already exist, such as the Instruction of the Governor of East Java Number 1 of 2012 concerning Karapan Sapi Without Violence, Law Number 41 of 2014, and Government Regulation Number 95 of 2012 regarding animal welfare. This research is expected to raise public awareness and encourage legal reform to ensure animal welfare from violent and abusive behavior.
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF SINGERS OR PERFORMERS FOR THE USE OF SONGS THAT HAVE COPYRIGHT ACCORDING TO LAW NUMBER 28 OF 2014 CONCERNING COPYRIGHT Putri Rosita Damayanti; Abraham Ferry Rosando
Akrab Juara : Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Yayasan Azam Kemajuan Rantau Anak Bengkalis

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This study examines the legal liability of singers or performers for using copyrighted songs without the creator’s permission in commercial activities such as concerts. The main issue discussed is the legal responsibility of singers in performing copyrighted songs and the application of copyright infringement elements as reflected in Decision Number 92/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Hak Cipta/2024/PN Niaga Central Jakarta. This research applies a normative juridical approach by analyzing relevant legislation and court decisions. The findings indicate that singers are legally obligated to obtain permission from the creator or through a Collective Management Organization (LMK/LMKN) before performing a song commercially. Furthermore, concert promoters or organizers also share legal responsibility as they derive economic benefits from such performances. The enforcement of copyright law in the music industry requires synergy between creators, singers, and collective management organizations to establish a fair and balanced creative ecosystem
Legal Protection for Indigenous Communities That Conduct Tajen That Contain Elements of Gambling I Gde Daniel Rafael Putra Djatimulia; Abraham Ferry Rosando
Jurnal Mengkaji Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): July
Publisher : CV. Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/jmi.v5i1.1986

Abstract

Abstract: This study examines the conflict between Balinese customary law, particularly tajen as the tabuh rah ritual in Hindu ceremonies, and national criminal law that prohibits gambling under Article 303 of the KUHP and Law No. 7 of 1974. Tajen is not merely gambling but an integral part of bhuta yadnya, aimed at neutralizing negative energies. It is recognized in the awig-awig of desa pakraman and the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana. However, the betting element leads to the criminalization of indigenous communities, creating legal uncertainty. The research problems include the current legal protection and the negative function of material unlawfulness based on Article 2 of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code. Using a normative method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes primary legal sources such as Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 6 of 2014 on Villages, and jurisprudence such as Constitutional Court Decision No. 58/PUU-XV/2017. The findings indicate that legal protection is partial: constitutionally, it recognizes customary rights, but implementation is weak due to the absence of regional normative regulations. Theories of legal pluralism and substantive justice support harmonization, where the negative aspect of material unlawfulness can eliminate criminal liability if tajen is purely ritualistic without commercial elements. The conclusion recommends reformulating norms through a Bali Regional Regulation to legalize ritual tajen, issuing customary certificates, and applying restorative justice, to realize substantive justice in the multicultural Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Purpose: This article aims to analyze whether the tajen on the Island of Bali, which contains elements of criminal acts (namely gambling), allows the perpetrators of these customary activities to receive legal protection from the perspective of criminal law and the position of customary law in Indonesia. Design/Methodology/Approach: This article employs a normative legal research approach by examining relevant laws and regulations as well as academic literature concerning legal protection for indigenous communities engaged in tajen that involve elements of gambling. Findings: This study finds that customary activities involving gambling elements, known as tajen, create conflicts between customary law and criminal law in Indonesia. Tajen, as a traditional customary practice, leads to the criminalization of indigenous communities. The indigenous people themselves conduct tajen based on the understanding that it is a customary activity intended to stimulate the village economy across Bali. However, on the other hand, this activity also contains elements of criminal acts, namely, gambling. The absence of regional regulations that serve to recognize this customary activity and provide a legal umbrella for indigenous communities is a critical missing factor, as it contradicts Article 18B of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Originality/value: This article offers an original contribution by examining the activities of the traditional Balinese custom known as tajen, which involves elements of gambling and has a direct impact on indigenous Balinese communities. To date, there remains no clear legal regulation governing this practice. This issue actually represents an aspect that frequently causes
Legalitas Tindakan Penagihan dan Eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia oleh Debt Collector dalam Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum Kreditur Bagas Agdi Pratama; Abraham Ferry Rosando
Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) Vol 4, No 3 (2026): October 2026
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

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From the perspective of creditor legal protection in Indonesia, this paper examines the legitimacy of debt collection and the enforcement of fiduciary guarantees by debt collectors. By enabling ownership of movable property through fiduciary-backed loan schemes, the financial industry plays a vital role in the economy. However, debtor default often leads to law enforcement and collection actions, in which debt collectors play a crucial and often controversial role. This paper examines recent regulations, such as Financial Services Authority Regulation No. 22 of 2023, Financial Services Authority Circular Letter No. 19/SEOJK.06/2023, and the implications of Constitutional Court Decisions No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019, No. 2/PUU-XIX/2021, and No. 57/PUU-XIX/2021. The research method used is normative legal research, utilizing legal and intellectual perspectives. The findings demonstrate that debt collectors can legally carry out fiduciary guarantee execution and debt collection as long as they follow protocols and are accountable to the financing organizations who employ them. The decisions of the Constitutional Court do not eliminate the creditor's executive rights; Rather, they make clear the prerequisites for their execution, which include the debtor's voluntary surrender of the collateral item and acknowledgment of default, or a court order. In order to preserve investment certainty and the stability of the financial industry, which in turn promotes economic growth, creditors must have legal protection
Juridical Analysis of Judgment Number 03/Pid.Sus-Anak/2020/PN.Enr in Light of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code and Law Number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Muhammad Rizky Ramadhani; Abraham Ferry Rosando
Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) Vol 4, No 3 (2026): October 2026
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21453440

Abstract

This study examines the legal considerations underlying the imposition of imprisonment and vocational training on a juvenile offender in Judgment Number 03/Pid.Sus-Anak/2020/PN.Enr and evaluates its conformity with Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and case approaches. Primary legal materials consist of relevant legislation and the court judgment, while secondary legal materials include legal literature and scholarly publications on juvenile criminal law and restorative justice. The collected legal materials are analyzed qualitatively through legal interpretation and doctrinal analysis. The findings indicate that the court considered both juridical and non-juridical factors, including the seriousness of the offense, the child's personal circumstances, and the objectives of juvenile justice. The imposition of imprisonment was intended to ensure accountability for a serious violent offense resulting in death, whereas vocational training functioned as a rehabilitative measure to promote the child's personal development and social reintegration. Although diversion was not applicable due to the gravity of the offense, the judgment reflects the principles of restorative justice by emphasizing rehabilitation alongside punishment. Furthermore, the court's reasoning is consistent with the sentencing philosophy embodied in Law No. 1 of 2023, which promotes proportionality, rehabilitation, and the restoration of social balance. Accordingly, the combination of imprisonment and vocational training demonstrates a balanced approach that protects the interests of victims while safeguarding the rights and future development of juvenile offenders.
Konstruksi Hukum Kepemilikan Hak Cipta Atas Karya Artificial Inteliigence Dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif Indonesia Ade Ahmad Maulana; Abraham Ferry Rosando
Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol 4, No 1 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21281618

Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Generative Artificial Intelligence, has transformed the process of creating literary, artistic, and scientific works. AI's ability to autonomously generate various forms of creative output has raised significant legal questions regarding copyright protection and the ownership of AI-generated works. Indonesian Copyright Law, namely Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright, does not explicitly regulate works generated by AI, resulting in legal uncertainty concerning whether AI-generated output qualifies as a copyrightable work and who should be recognized as the copyright holder. This study aims to examine the legal status of AI-generated works as copyrightable subject matter and to formulate a framework for copyright ownership over AI-generated works within the perspective of Indonesian positive law. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Legal materials were collected through library research and analyzed qualitatively using a prescriptive legal analysis. The findings indicate that fully autonomous AI-generated works do not satisfy the legal requirement of authorship under Indonesian Copyright Law and therefore lack a legal basis for copyright protection. In contrast, AI-assisted works remain eligible for copyright protection provided that they reflect originality and substantial human intellectual contribution.