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The Effort to Improve The Economic Value Of Patchouli Oil: The Controlled Esterification at Production of The Aroma Compounds Base on Patchouli Oil Retnowati, Rurini; Poerwadi, Bambang
Jurnal Teknik Industri Vol 8, No 1 (2007): Februari
Publisher : Department Industrial Engineering, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Patchouli oil is an excellent of the Indonesian essential oil, because 45% of essential oil government-reserve is gained from it. Patchouli oil is commonly used in soap industrial, hair tonic, mouthwash, and high quality perfume. In the utilizing, patchouli oil is mixed with other essential oil, such as: clove oil, rose oil, and vetiver oil; since the fixative nature with flavor substance could chain the other essential oil. The fixative nature and the odor resistance come from the tertier alcohol substance, e.i.: patchoulic alcohol as its main component. Although it has long odor resistance, as an aroma substance, the odor of patchouli oil has less strong. As the base character of aroma substances determined by ester component compiler, so it is interesting to study the esterification reaction controlling the amount of ester product. In this research, patchouli oil was converted into the ester substance by esterification reaction using anhydride acid and ZnCl2 catalyst. The esterification was optimized to various concentration of ZnCl2 catalyst from 1â€“5% and to obtained the most preferred ester dan patchoulic alcohol ratio. Characterization of trade patchouli oil and the product of esterification were conducted based on determining the physical nature, such as: density and refraction index, and also the patchouli oil component's profile from chromatogram and mass spectrum resulted from GC and GC-MS analysis. To know most preferred ester and pachoulic alcohol ratio, using hedonic test with 25 panelists was conducted. The research resulted that the esterification reaction of patchouli oil using anhydride acid could be done by using ZnCl2 catalyst. Characterization result using GC indicated that the component's profile change under esterification condition; while characterization result using GC-MS showed the existence of patchoulic acetate substance. Variation of anhydride acid composition affected the ratio profile of patchoulic acetate and patchoulic alcohol. Hedonic test results showed that panelists'most preferred ratio of patchoulic acetate and patchoulic alcohol is 0.7934.

POTENSI EKSTRAK PIPER METHYSTICUM (PIPERACEAE) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA BOTANI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN HAMA PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA Lestari, Martina S; Himawan, Toto; Retnowati, Rurini
Sains & Matematika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
Publisher : Sains & Matematika

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Dampak negatif yang disebabkan oleh insektisida sintetik, menjadikan insektisida botani sebagai alternatif dalam pengendalian hama tanaman. Piper methysticum merupakan tanaman obat yang berasal dari Papua yang mempunyai potensi sebagai insektisida botani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas ekstrak n-hexane dan etil asetat P. methysticum sebagai insektisida, hambatan makan atau antifeedant dan penghambatan berat larva P. xylostella. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan beberapa perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak n-hexane dan etil asetat P. methysticum, yaitu konsentrasi 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, dan 4000 ppm. Pengujian menggunakan metode celup pakan, setiap perlakuan menggunakan 20 larva dan diulang empat kali. Data yang diperoleh adalah mortalitas larva, jumlah pakan yang dimakan dan pertambahan berat larva P. xylostella dari intar II sampai menjadi pupa. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians dengan uji lanjut jarak berganda Duncan. Nilai LC50 ditentukan dengan analisis probit menggunakan program POLO PC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun P. methysticum mempunyai sifat insektisida, antifeedant dan penghambat berat larva P. xylostella. Ekstrak n-hexane daun P. methysticum memperlihatkan aktivitas insektisida yang paling kuat dengan tingkat mortalitas 63,33% dengan LC50 4,047 ppm, konsentrasi 0,015-0,38% menyebabkan hambatan makan 11,69- 85,54% dan hambatan berat larva 34,75-81,88%. The negative impact caused by synthetic insecticides, encorages the use of botanical insecticides as an alternative in the control of plant pests. Piper methysticum is a native medicinal plant of Papua which has potential as a botanical insecticide. This study aimed to extract the activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate P. methysticum as insecticides, barriers eat or antifeedant and severe inhibition of P. xylostella larvae. Research was carried out using completely randomized design with multiple treatment concentration of n-hexane extract and ethyl acetate P. methysticum is a concentration of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500 and 4000 ppm. Tests using food dye method, each using 20 larvae and the treatment was repeated four times. The data obtained was mortality of larvae, the amount of eaten feed and the gained weight of instar II larvae of P. xylostella to become pupae. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with multiple range test Duncant further. LC50 values determined by probit your analysis using the program POLO PC. The results showed that the leaf extract of P. methysticum have insecticidal properties, antifeedant and inhibitors of P. xylostella larval weight. N-hexane extract of leaves of P. methysticum showed that the most potent insecticidal activity with a mortality rate of 63.33% with LC50 4,047 ppm, the concentration of 0.015 to 0.38% lead barriers and obstacles to eat from 11.69 to 85.54% weight of larvae 34, 75 to 81.88%.

Synthesis of N, N-diethyl-2-Hydroxybenzamide Using Methyl Salicylate from Gandapura Oil Suratmo Suratmo; Rurini Retnowati; Devina Azzuhro
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

The synthesis of N,N-diethyl-2-hydroxybenzamide used methyl salicylate from gandapura oil was conducted. This study aims to find out the synthesis process of N,N-diethyl-2-hydroxybenzamide from methyl salicylate. Methyl salicylate from gandapura oil was mixed with 40% diethylamine solution in diethyl eter and 1% NaOH solution in methanol. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 hour and continued for 24 hours at room temperature. Compound synthesized was separated and determined physical properties include color, shape, odor and melting point, and was identified by FT-IR spectrophotometer and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The results of identification by FT-IR spectrophotometer showed absorption at 1631.67 cm-1 which is the C = O stretching vibrations of amide. The identification results obtained by GC-MS 6 peak. Peak with a retention time of 26.948 minutes with the fragmentation pattern is thought to be the target compound (N, N-diethyl-2-hidroksibenzamida). Identification results from GC-MS obtained 6 peak, and peaks with the retention time of 14.363 minutes showed the presence of methylsalicylate compounds, whereas the peak with a retention time of 26.948 minutes is suspected to be the synthesized compounds (N,N-diethyl-2-hydroxybenzamide). Target compounds synthesized gained by 0.21% in the form of brown solid matter with a melting point of 106-112oC.

Patchouli Oil Characteristics by Optimization Result of Distillation Time of Patchouli Leaf Dewaxing and Fermentation Sentot Joko Raharjo; Rurini Retnowati; Soebiantoro Soebiantoro
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

The characteristic of patchouli oil of dewaxing, fermentation and time distillation toward patchouli leaves used GC-MS have been done. The aim of the study was to characterization of patchouli oil on distillation time of patchouli leaves of dewaxing and fermentation. The characteristics of patchouli oil on the distillation time for 12 hours, then the distillate collected every 2 hours showed that of the best result was the 3rd fraction collected distillate time of 12 hours with a yield of 0.56 %, light yellow color, specific gravity 0.9685 g/ mL and a refractive index of 1.5095 and patchouli alcohol of 69.56 %. Characteristics of patchouli oil on distillation time (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) hours showed that of the best result was time distillation for 12 hours with a yield of 6.61 %, light yellow color, specific gravity of 0.9672 g/ mL, refractive index of 1.5082 and patchouli alcohol of 45.69 %. The other components of patchouli oil detected were alpha-gurjunene, cis-thujosene, beta-patchoulene, alpha-patchoulene, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-guaiene, seychellen, aromadendrene, beta-gurjunene, alpha-humulene, alpha-bulnesene, gemacrene-D, dehidroaromadendrene, gemacrene-A, gamma-patchoulene, valencene, viridiflorene, selina-3,7-(11)-dien, nor-patchoulenol, pogostol, illudol, globulol, beta-caryophyllen oksida, viridiflorol and ledol. Patchouli oil quality to meet requirements SNI 06-2385-2006 and ISO 3757:2002.

Potensi Ekstrak Piper methysticum (Piperaceae) sebagai Insektisida Botani untuk Pengendalian Hama Plutella xylostella Martina S Lestari; Toto Himawan; Rurini Retnowati
Sains dan Matematika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2014): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

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Dampak negatif yang disebabkan oleh insektisida sintetik, menjadikan insektisida botani sebagai alternatif dalam pengendalian hama tanaman. Piper methysticum merupakan tanaman obat yang berasal dari Papua yang mempunyai potensi sebagai insektisida botani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas ekstrak n-hexane dan etil asetat P. methysticum sebagai insektisida, hambatan makan atau antifeedant dan penghambatan berat larva P. xylostella. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan beberapa perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak n-hexane dan etil asetat P. methysticum, yaitu konsentrasi 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, dan 4000 ppm. Pengujian menggunakan metode celup pakan, setiap perlakuan menggunakan 20 larva dan diulang empat kali. Data yang diperoleh adalah mortalitas larva, jumlah pakan yang dimakan dan pertambahan berat larva P. xylostella dari intar II sampai menjadi pupa. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians dengan uji lanjut jarak berganda Duncan. Nilai LC50 ditentukan dengan analisis probit menggunakan program POLO PC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun P. methysticum mempunyai sifat insektisida, antifeedant dan penghambat berat larva P. xylostella. Ekstrak n-hexane daun P. methysticum memperlihatkan aktivitas insektisida yang paling kuat dengan tingkat mortalitas 63,33% dengan LC50 4,047 ppm, konsentrasi 0,015-0,38% menyebabkan hambatan makan 11,69- 85,54% dan hambatan berat larva 34,75-81,88%. The negative impact caused by synthetic insecticides, encorages the use of botanical insecticides as an alternative in the control of plant pests. Piper methysticum is a native medicinal plant of Papua which has potential as a botanical insecticide. This study aimed to extract the activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate P. methysticum as insecticides, barriers eat or antifeedant and severe inhibition of P. xylostella larvae. Research was carried out using completely randomized design with multiple treatment concentration of n-hexane extract and ethyl acetate P. methysticum is a concentration of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500 and 4000 ppm. Tests using food dye method, each using 20 larvae and the treatment was repeated four times. The data obtained was mortality of larvae, the amount of eaten feed and the gained weight of instar II larvae of P. xylostella to become pupae. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with multiple range test Duncant further. LC50 values determined by probit your analysis using the program POLO PC. The results showed that the leaf extract of P. methysticum have insecticidal properties, antifeedant and inhibitors of P. xylostella larval weight. N-hexane extract of leaves of P. methysticum showed that the most potent insecticidal activity with a mortality rate of 63.33% with LC50 4,047 ppm, the concentration of 0.015 to 0.38% lead barriers and obstacles to eat from 11.69 to 85.54% weight of larvae 34, 75 to 81.88%.

Characterization of Secondary Metabolites Profile of Flavonoid from Salam Leaves (Eugenia polyantha) Using TLC and UVSpectrophotometry Syarifah, Anisa Lailatusy; Retnowati, Rurini; Soebiantoro,
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 6, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The flavonoids derived from Eugenia polyantha leaves were characterized by rapid and low cost approach. The aim of this research is to characterize secondary metabolite profile of flavonoids in the n-butanol fraction of E. polyantha using thin layer chromatography and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The n-butanol fraction was separated by using silica gel 60 GF254 as the stationary phase; chloroform: ethanol: glacial acetic acid (9.4: 0.5: 0.1) as the mobile phase; and visualized by using UV light 366 nm. Five isolates were obtained from the separation, but there were only three isolates (Rf 0.26; 0.44; 0.77) respectively identified as flavonoid compounds. The characterization of the isolates by UV-Vis spectrophotometry showing that the ranges of λmax were 250-280 nm (band II) and 310-360 nm (band I), which indicate the existence of flavone compounds. Further characterization of the three isolate using the AlCl3 5%/HCl 6 M solution showed that the λmax shifted from band I to the higher wavelength (bathochromic). The λmax shift indicated the existences of ketone at C-4, hydroxyl group at C-5, and orthodihydroxyl at ring B. According to the maximum wavelength, the result of the characterization showed that the flavonoid compounds of the n-butanol were 5,3’,4’-trihydroxyflavone3-C-glycoside or 5,4’,5’-trihydroxyflavone-3-C-glycoside; 5,6,3’,4’-tetrahydroxyflavone or 5,6,4’,5’-tetrahydroxyflavone; and 5,3’,4’-trihydroxyflavone or 5,4’,5’-trihydroxyflavone.

Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μPAD) for Determining Hydroquinone in Facial Whitening Cream using Phloroglucinol Reagent Sulistyarti, Hermin; Puspitaloka, Paradhita Ayu; Putra, Boyfannie Ivan; Retnowati, Rurini; Tolle, Herman
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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A microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) is developed in this work to analyze hydroquinone in facial whitening creams using phloroglucinol. The µPAD features a hydrophobic barrier for detection and was fabricated using a wax printer with Whatman chromatographic paper. Detection was achieved by colorimetry based on the formation of an orange hydroquinone–phloroglucinol complex. The colored reaction product formed on the detection zone of the µPAD was scanned, and the images obtained were processed with Image-J software to determine their color intensity (RGB value). Optimization of the process conditions was conducted to achieve sensitive measurements. The optimum conditions yielding maximum sensitivity included a reagent addition sequence of phloroglucinol à NaOH à sample (hydroquinone), 1 µL of 0.5% phloroglucinol, 1 M NaOH, and 10-minute reaction. Under optimal conditions, the µPAD produced two linear calibration curves for hydroquinone at concentrations of 10–100 mg/L (R2 = 0.9979) and 250–1000 mg/L (R2 = 0.9991). The method demonstrated very good selectivity for the target analyte in the presence of propylene glycol and resorcinol with satisfactory validity and average recovery close to 100%. The proposed µPAD is a very simple and inexpensive technique for hydroquinone analysis and could be applied to cosmetics samples with satisfactory results.

Pengaruh Temperatur Penyimpanan Terhadap Kadar Kurkumin Simplisia Rimpang Temugiring (Curcuma heyneana Val.) Anisa Lailatusy Syarifah; Rurini Retnowati; Christina Melani Brawijayanti Muda Makin
PHARMADEMICA : Jurnal Kefarmasian dan Gizi Vol 3 No 1 (2023): April - September
Publisher : LPPMKI - AKAFARMA AKFAR PIM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54445/pharmademica.v3i1.34

The storage temperature of temugiring (Curcuma heyneana Val.) rhizome simplicia affects the curcumin active compound concentration in simplicia. This research aims to determine the effect of simplicia storage temperature on the curcumin compound concentration in temugiring rhizome simplicia. This is experimental research by various storage temperature of simplicia at 4, 15, 28, 37, and 40 0C for a month. Simplicia extraction was conducted by maceration method using ethanol 95% as a solvent with the ratio of simplicia powder and the solvent of 1:8. Determination of curcumin concentration was conducted by the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 420 nm. Data analysis was conducted by the one-way anova testing. Findings show that the highest to lowest curcumin concentration are at 280C of 51.360 Â± 5.298 ppm, at 40C of 50.046 Â± 5.177 ppm, at 150C of 42.000 Â± 2.745 ppm, at 370C of 28.885 Â± 4.155 ppm, and at 400C of 26.314 Â± 4.843 ppm. In conclusion, the storage temperature affects the curcumin concentration of temugiring rhizome simplicia. Temperatur penyimpanan simplisia rimpang temugiring (Curcuma heyneana Val.) mempengaruhi kandungan senyawa aktif kurkumin pada simplisia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur penyimpanan simplisia terhadap kadar senyawa kurkumin pada simplisia rimpang temugiring. Metode penelitian meliputi penyimpanan simplisia rimpang temugiring pada temperatur dingin (40C), sejuk (150C), ruangan (280C), panas (370C), dan sangat panas (400C) selama satu bulan. Ekstraksi simplisia dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95% dengan perbandingan serbuk simplisia dan pelarut adalah 1:8. Penentuan kadar kurkumin dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 420 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar kurkumin tinggi pada temperatur penyimpanan ruangan (280C) sebesar 51,360 Â± 5,298 ppm, dingin (40C) sebesar 50,046 Â± 5,177 ppm, dan sejuk (150C) sebesar 42,000 Â± 2,745 ppm. Kadar kurkumin rendah pada temperatur penyimpanan panas (370C) sebesar 28,856 Â± 4,155 ppm, dan sangat panas (400C) sebesar 26,314 Â± 4,843 ppm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa temperatur penyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap kadar kurkumin simplisia rimpang temugiring.

Screening of Aroma Compounds in Commercial Tea (Camellia sinensis) from Indonesia and Testing Their Activity as Antioxidants Warsito, Warsito; Alief, M. Fadel; Azzahra, Vina Octavia; Rahman, M. Farid; Retnowati, Rurini
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

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Tea from tea leaves of the Camellia sinensis species is a superior industrial plant that promises superior bioactivity. For a more in-depth study of the essential oils contained in commercial teas on the market, their significant characteristic from their constituent compounds were determined. The essential oil yields of the three commercial samples were obtained by distillation using a Liken-Nickerson vessel and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), then tested for antioxidant properties by the DPPH method. The yield obtained ranged from 0.08-0.13%. The main major components (more than 0.5% identified) contained in the three samples identified were benzyl acetate, between 4,56-26.27%, and linalool compounds from tea leaves, as much as 20.59%, and 3.42% in samples C and B which were not found in sample A. As shown by our results, antioxidant activity significantly correlated with benzyl acetate and linalool composition. Sample A showed the best antioxidant profile, with highest inhibition (IC50 20.19 mg/mL).

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