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All Journal Jurnal Pengolahan dan Bioteknologi Hasil Perikanan Imajinasi Jurnal Teknik Mesin Jurnal Teknik Mesin Cakram Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering Jurnal Jendela Inovasi Daerah Buletin Peternakan Tropis (Bulletin of Tropical Animal Science) Unram Journal of Community Service (UJCS) QiST: Journal of Quran and Tafseer Studies JIPTEK Journal of International Multidisciplinary Research Strength : Jurnal Penelitian Teknik Mesin Sultra Journal of Mechanical Engineering
Nur Rohmat
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Synthesis of Graphene-Like Carbon from Coconut Shell and Electrical Conductivity Properties Rohmat, Nur; Affi, Jon; Gunawarman; Handayani, Murni; Yetri, Yuli
Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Pamulang

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Abstract

Demand for batteries continues to increase in line with the growth of electric vehicles, while the availability of lithium in nature is limited. One alternative is the use of renewable natural materials, such as coconut shells, to produce functional carbon materials. This study aims to synthesize graphene-like carbon (GLC) from coconut shells using pyrolysis and sonication methods. The process was carried out through drying at 150–200 °C and pyrolysis at 700 °C. XRD characterization showed main peaks at 2θ ≈ 23.11° and 43.75° (150 °C/700 °C), and 23.15° and 43.38° (200 °C/700 °C), with an interlayer spacing of 0.35 nm and a shift in the C (002) peak from pure graphite, indicating the formation of nanosized graphene layers. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of O–H, aromatic C=C, C=O, and C–O groups, indicating a hexagonal carbon framework with oxygen functionality on the surface. The Raman spectrum showed ID/IG ratios of 0.84 and 0.83, indicating structural disorder while still consistent with graphene-like characteristics. Conductivity tests showed relatively stable electrical conductivity with gradual electron energy loss at small current increases, allowing better control of electron mobility.
Co-Authors Abd. Rasyid Syamsuri Abdul Choliq Abdul Mufid Ade Irawan Ade, Ade Saputra Adria Wicaksono Agis Permana Ahmad Muhajir Aji, Ari Budi Prastya Aldi, Muhamad Arbi Dimyati arif Bayu Eko Cahyono Fajar Haetommy Farid Wazdi Fifit Astuti Gunawarman Iman, Muhamad Ismiarti, Ismiarti Jefri Purnawan Jon Affi, Jon Kusdi Prijono Lucia Rita Indrawati M Mukhlis Nasrulloh Mahmudi, Ahmad Mohammad Arif Muhammad Rio Ferdiansyah Muhammad Syahrul Muliyadi Murni Handayani Oky Supriadi Putut Har Riyadi Ratna Ibrahim Rohmad Salam, Rohmad RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Setiyono, Endro setyowati, agustina dyah Simbolon, Kiki Tristiawanti Siregar, Ansor Salim Suhendi Suhendi sulanjari Syaiful Arif Vikri Okta Yulianto Wahyudin, Muhammad Ali Wicaksana, Ilyas Rasyid Yamin, Muhamad Miftahul Yodhi Miftachul Hadi Yuli Yetri