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FAKTOR RISIKO AKUISISI BAKTERI CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT Acinetobacter baumannii PADA PASIEN DENGAN VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA Santosaningsih, Dewi; Yusuf, Evira Natasya; Fatoni, Arie Zainul
Majalah Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024): Majalah Kesehatan
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/majalahkesehatan.2024.011.01.1

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii (CRAB) merupakan bakteri patogen prioritas penyebab Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) dengan pilihan antibiotik terbatas sehingga meningkatkan angka kematian dan biaya perawatan. Di Indonesia, faktor yang menentukan penularan bakteri CRAB pada pasien VAP belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko akuisisi bakteri CRAB pada pasien VAP yang meliputi gender, umur, durasi penggunaan ventilator mekanik, durasi perawatan di Intensive Care Unit (ICU), riwayat intubasi ulang, riwayat penyakit penyerta, durasi terapi antibiotik meropenem, dan skor APACHE II. Penelitian case-control dilakukan sejak bulan Juni 2018 hingga Juni 2019 di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. Pada penelitian ini sebanyak 12 orang pasien VAP dengan akuisisi bakteri CRAB sebagai kelompok kasus dan 12 pasien VAP dengan akuisisi Carbapenem-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii (CSAB) sebagai kelompok kontrol dianalisis faktor risikonya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan durasi perawatan di ICU lebih dari 8 hari (OR = 10, 95%CI = 1,360-81,053; p = 0,024) serta durasi terapi meropenem lebih dari 5 hari (OR = 17,9, 95%CI = 1,267-250,000; p = 0,032) berhubungan dengan akuisisi CRAB pada pasien VAP. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa perawatan di ICU lebih dari 8 hari dan penggunaan meropenem lebih dari 5 hari merupakan faktor risiko akuisisi CRAB pada pasien VAP. Tindakan pencegahan akuisisi CRAB sangat penting pada pasien yang terpasang ventilator mekanik di ICU.

Chemical Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of Thymus Vulgaris Leaves’ Ethanolic Extract Against Salmonella typhimurium: Thymus vulgaris Against Salmonella typhimurium Abousouh, Emad Khaleefah; Endharti, Agustina Tri; Santoso, Sanarto; Santosaningsih, Dewi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.09

Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella is an important pathogen that causes life-threatening bloodstream infections. Antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella has emerged as a result of the increasing use of antibiotics; therefore, an alternative source of therapeutic agents is required. This study aimed to investigate the active compound and antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris leaves’ ethanolic extract against Salmonella typhimurium. Thin-layer chromatography was performed to identify the active compound in the ethanolic extract of T. vulgaris leaves. The antibiotic effect of the extract was carried out by agar dilution assay using the following concentrations: 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, 12.5%, and 15.0% (w/v). Thymol and carvacrol were detected in the thin-layer chromatography. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract was 10.0% (w/v). In conclusion, T. vulgaris leaves’ ethanolic extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. typhimurium. Further investigation is required to analyze the role of thymol and carvacrol as active compounds against S. typhimurium.

Comparative analysis of short-chain fatty acid levels in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rat model: Impact of high-fat high-fructose (HFHF), high fat, and Western diets Mustika, Syifa; Handayani, Dian; Rudijanto, Achmad; Santosaningsih, Dewi; Mariyatun, Mariyatun; Gatya, Mifta; Pramesi, Putrika C.; Rahayu, Endang S.; Fajar, Jonny K.
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.670

The evidence on the role of diets in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was limited. The aim of this study was to assess the potential effects of high-fat high-fructose (HFHF), high-fat, and Western diets on the levels of SCFA. A research experiment employing a post-test-only control group design was carried out from January to April 2022. A total of 27 rats were randomly allocated to each study group. SCFA was measured two weeks after diet administration. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to analyze the differences among groups, and the effect estimate of each group was analyzed using post hoc Tukey. The concentrations of SCFAs post HFHF diets were recorded as follows: acetic acid at 54.60±10.58 mmol/g, propionic acid at 28.03±8.81 mmol/g, and butyric acid at 4.23±1.68 mmol/g. Following the high-fat diet, acetic acid measured 61.85±14.25 mmol/gr, propionic acid measured 25.19±5.55 mmol/gr, and butyric acid measured 6.10±2.93 mmol/gr. After the administration of Western diet, the levels of SCFA were 68.18±25.73, 29.69±12.76, and 7.48±5.51 mmol/g for acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, respectively. The level of butyric acid was significantly lower in HFHF diet group compared to the normal diet (mean difference (MD) 6.34; 95%CI: 0.61, 12.04; p=0.026). The levels of acetic acid (p=0.419) and propionic acid (p=0.316) were not statistically different among diet types (HFHF, high-fat, and Western diet). In conclusion, HFHF diet is associated with a lower level of butyric acid than the normal diet in a rat model.

PERBEDAAN EFEK ANTIBIOFILM ANTARA EKSTRAK METANOLIK DAUN SIRIH HIJAU DENGAN DAUN SIRIH MERAH TERHADAP Pseudomonas aeruginosa PADA ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE IN VITRO Kristi, Brenda; Martin, Amandus Michael; Ratridewi, Irene; Santosaningsih, Dewi
Majalah Kesehatan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Majalah Kesehatan
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/majalahkesehatan.2025.012.02.1

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) merupakan infeksi terkait perawatan kesehatan tersering dunia dengan insiden sebesar 32%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa menempati posisi ketiga etiologi VAP di Asia Tenggara melalui pembentukan biofilm pada Endotracheal Tube (ETT). Diketahui daun sirih hijau dan daun sirih merah mengandung bahan aktif antibakteri berupa eugenol, flavonoid, dan fenol. Studi sebelumnya menyatakan kadar eugenol dan flavonoid dari ekstrak daun sirih merah lebih tinggi dibanding daun sirih hijau. Namun, belum terdapat studi mengenai efek antibiofilm daun sirih merah serta perbedaan efek antibiofilm daun sirih hijau dan sirih merah pada alat medis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan perbedaan efek antibiofilm daun sirih hijau dengan daun sirih merah terhadap P. aeruginosa pada ETT. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara in vitro pada ETT menggunakan P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 dan ekstrak metanol daun sirih hijau atau sirih merah dengan masing2 konsentrasi (0; 25; 50; 75; 100; 125; 150 mg/mL). Evaluasi biofilm menggunakan microplate-reader ELISA dengan panjang gelombang 570 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi yang sama yaitu 150 mg/mL, sirih hijau memiliki rerata absorbansi (2,73 ± 0,53) dan sirih merah (2,97 ± 1,04), menunjukkan rerata absorbansi terendah dibanding kelompok perlakuan konsentrasi lainnya. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok sirih hijau dan sirih merah (p= 0,787). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan efek antibiofilm antara daun sirih hijau dan daun sirih merah.

Chemical Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of Thymus Vulgaris Leaves’ Ethanolic Extract Against Salmonella typhimurium: Thymus vulgaris Against Salmonella typhimurium Abousouh, Emad Khaleefah; Endharti, Agustina Tri; Santoso, Sanarto; Santosaningsih, Dewi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.09

Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella is an important pathogen that causes life-threatening bloodstream infections. Antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella has emerged as a result of the increasing use of antibiotics; therefore, an alternative source of therapeutic agents is required. This study aimed to investigate the active compound and antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris leaves’ ethanolic extract against Salmonella typhimurium. Thin-layer chromatography was performed to identify the active compound in the ethanolic extract of T. vulgaris leaves. The antibiotic effect of the extract was carried out by agar dilution assay using the following concentrations: 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, 12.5%, and 15.0% (w/v). Thymol and carvacrol were detected in the thin-layer chromatography. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract was 10.0% (w/v). In conclusion, T. vulgaris leaves’ ethanolic extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. typhimurium. Further investigation is required to analyze the role of thymol and carvacrol as active compounds against S. typhimurium.

The effect of prolonged exposure to the antibiotic meropenem on the resistance characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro Sutjipto, Yossy I.; Rahayu, Siwipeni I.; Santosaningsih, Dewi
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Available online : 1 June 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v5i1.71

Introduction: To prove the effect of prolonged exposure to the antibiotic meropenem on the emergence of Acinetobacter baumannii resistance in vitro. Methods: Meropenem-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were exposed to 0.1 mg/ml meropenem and incubated for 8 days. The optical density and number of Acinetobacter baumannii bacterial colonies were observed every 24 hours. The average of optical density and the number of Acinetobacter baumannii bacterial colonies growing every 24 hours were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The results showed a decrease in the average optical density value and the number of Acinetobacter baumannii bacterial colonies from day 1 to day 6 of incubation. However, there was an increase in the average optical density and the number of Acinetobacter baumannii bacterial colonies starting on day 7 and day 8. Conclusions: Exposure to the antibiotic meropenem 0.1 mg/ml for 6 days might be associated with the emergence of Acinetobacter baumannii resistance in vitro.

Antiviral Activitiy of Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin and Cyclocurcumin compounds of Curcuma longa against NSP3 on SARS-CoV-2 Hidayah, Rizka Nurul; Nafisa, Belia Bima; 'Arifin, Miftah Saiful; Santosaningsih, Dewi; Muti'ah, Roihatul
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 13, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss3pp166-174

SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes two large polyproteins (pp), pp1a and pp1ab which are cleaved and transformed into a mature form by a protease, non-structural protein 3 (NSP3). NSP3 is encoded by open reading frame (ORF) 1a/b. Curcuma longa (C. longa) or turmeric has been documented to have antiviral effects. The aim of this study was to assess the viral activities of C. longa against SARS-CoV-2 focusing on its potency to inhibit viral replication by targeting NSP3. PubChem databases were used to obtain the metabolic profile of C. longa. The compound's interaction with nucleocapsid was analyzed using molecular docking with Molegro Virtual Docker. Bioinformatics analysis based on rerank score presents all compounds of C. longa have higher binding affinity than the native ligand with cyclocurcumin as the lowest score (-128.38 kcal/mol). This anti-viral activity was hypothesized from the similarity of hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues Ser 128 and Asn 40 as key residues present in Ribavirin. This study reveals that C. longa is the potential to be developed as an antiviral agent through replication inhibition in SARS-CoV-2 targeting its replication mediated by NSP3.Keywords: C. longa, Non-Structural Protein 3, COVID-19.

Potential Inhibition of Melaleuca leucadendron L. Compounds Against the NSP5 SARS CoV-2 Protein Melani, Ira Resmi; Wafi, Muhammad Farid; Riandinata, Mohammad Reza; Halim, Putri Aulawiya Rosyida; Muti'ah, Roihatul; Santosaningsih, Dewi
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention Vol 13, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Cancer Chemoprevention

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss3pp195-206

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), causing a global health emergency as a pandemic disease. The lack of certain drug molecules or treatment strategies to fight this disease makes it worse. Therefore, effective drug molecules are needed to fight COVID-19. Non Structural Protein (NSP5) or called Main Protease (Mpro) of SARS CoV 2, a key component of this viral replication, is considered a key target for anti-COVID-19 drug development. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the compounds in the Melaleuca leucadendron L. plant such as 1,8-cineole, terpene, guaiol, linalol, α-selinenol, β-eudesmol and γ-eudesmol are predicted to have antiviral activity for COVID-19. Interaction of compounds with NSP5 with PDB code 6WNP analyzed using molecular docking with Molegro Virtual Docker. Based on binding affinity, the highest potential as an anti-viral is Terpineol with binding energy (-119.743 kcal/mol). The results of the interaction showed that terpinol has similarities in all three amino acid residues namely Cys 145, Gly 143, and Glu 166 with remdesivir and native ligand. Melaleuca leucadendron L. may represent a potential herbal treatment to act as: COVID-19 NSP5, however these findings must be validated in vitro and in vivo.Keywords: COVID-19, In Silico, NSP5/ 6WNP, Melaleuca leucadendron L.

Successful Embolization in Recurrent Hemoptysis Caused by Pulmonary Aspergilloma: A Case Report: Successful Embolization in Recurrent Hemoptysis Caused by Pulmonary Aspergilloma Yaman, Muli; Sugiri, Jane; Putra, Ngakan; Santosaningsih, Dewi; Aslam, Achmad
Malang Respiratory Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): Volume 5 No 1, March 2023
Publisher : Universitaas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mrj.2023.005.01.4

Background: Aspergilloma is a fungal infection that can cause recurrent hemoptysis. One of the treatment modalities is embolization, which has a success rate of 85% to 100%, although the recurrence rate may reach 10% to 33%. Case Illustration: A 29-year-old female came to the emergency ward with recurrent hemoptysis. She had a history of tuberculosis with completed treatment 7 years ago. Chest radiography showed left lung tuberculosis with emphysematous lung. Chest CT with contrast revealed an air-crescent sign, and culture from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showed Aspergillus spp. Then, she was diagnosed with pulmonary aspergilloma. Embolization was performed in the left internal mammary artery, and the blushing was decreased by 80%. However, the hemoptysis was still recurrent; a second embolization was performed in the left supreme intercostal artery, costocervical trunk artery, and bronchial artery, resulting in no blushing. The patient had no further episodes of hemoptysis, and her antifungal therapy was changed from fluconazole to voriconazole. Discussion: Recurrent hemoptysis can be caused by pulmonary aspergilloma. Embolization is usually done to reduce bleeding before surgery. The patient had performed embolization 2 times with no further episodes of hemoptysis. Surgical resection as a definitive treatment was recommended in this case, but the patient refused. Therefore, the patient’s management was optimized using voriconazole and embolization for the hemoptysis. Conclusion: Management of recurrent hemoptysis in patients with aspergilloma may include embolization and antifungal treatment which give improved clinical outcomes. Keywords: recurrent hemoptysis, embolization, aspergilloma, tuberculosis

PERBEDAAN EFEK ANTIBIOFILM EKSTRAK METANOLIK DAUN SIRIH HIJAU DENGAN DAUN SIRIH MERAH TERHADAP Acinetobacter baumannii PADA ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE Martin, Amandus Michael; Kristi, Brenda; Ratridewi, Irene; Santosaningsih, Dewi
Majalah Kesehatan Vol. 0 No. 00 (2025): Article in Press
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/htedyt80

Kemampuan pembentukan biofilm Acinetobacter baumannii pada endotracheal tube (ETT) meningkatkan resistensi antibiotik dan risiko ventilator-associated pneumonia. Penanganan biofilm bakteri saat ini menunjukkan hasil yang belum optimal dan efek samping. Daun sirih hijau (Piper betle) dan sirih merah (Piper crocatum) berpotensi menghambat pembentukan biofilm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efek anti-biofilm ekstrak metanolik daun sirih hijau dan sirih merah terhadap A. baumannii pada ETT. Identifikasi pembentukan biofilm dari A. baumannii pada ETT dilakukan dengan metode tissue culture plate. Penentuan nilai optical density (OD) dari ekstrak metanolik daun sirih hijau serta sirih merah berbagai dosis (25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 75 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 125 mg/mL, dan 150 mg/mL), dilakukan menggunakan micro-ELISA auto reader dengan panjang gelombang 570 nm. Hasil cut-off value dari OD570 pada kelompok kontrol negatif sebesar 0,944 pada sirih hijau serta 1,103 pada sirih merah. Kelompok kontrol positif menunjukkan formasi biofilm lemah pada sirih hijau dan formasi biofilm dan sedang pada sirih merah. Kelompok intervensi memiliki minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) yaitu dosis 125 mg/mL ada sirih hijau dan 75 mg/mL pada sirih merah. Peningkatan dosis ekstrak metanolik daun sirih memiliki korelasi yang kuat dan signifikan dengan nilai OD, baik pada sirih hijau (r = 0,986, p = 0,000) maupun sirih merah (r = 0,880, p = 0,002). Ekstrak metanolik daun sirih merah memiliki efek antibiofilm yang lebih tinggi terhadap A. baumannii pada ETT dibandingkan dengan sirih hijau.

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