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All Journal LEX CRIMEN PREMISE LAW JURNAL Al-Risalah : Jurnal Imu Syariah dan Hukum Jurisprudentie JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI Community Development Journal: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Visi Sosial Humaniora Journal of Legal and Cultural Analytics (JLCA) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Bacarita Law Journal Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review (GRLSPR) International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
Ria Juliana Siregar
Universitas HKBP Nommensen
Religion Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences Other

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PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI LAHAN NON-FUNGIBLE TOKEN (NFT) BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 4 TAHUN 2023 Sinambela, Krisman Josua; Janpatar Simamora; Ria Juliana Siregar
Jurisprudentie: Jurusan Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Vol 12 No 2 (2025): Volume 12 Nomor 2 Desember 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum uin alauddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/jurisprudentie.v12i2.62495

Abstract

The development of digital technology has enabled the emergence of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) as digitally authenticated assets recorded on blockchain networks, including their use in representing ownership of digital land within metaverse ecosystems. However, Indonesia has not yet formulated explicit regulatory provisions governing the legal classification of NFTs, the scope of supervisory authority, or the standards for consumer protection. This regulatory absence results in legal ambiguity regarding the placement of NFTs within the framework of Financial Sector Technology Innovation (ITSK) under Law No. 4 of 2023, and simultaneously presents risks to consumers, including fraud, data misuse, loss of access to digital assets, and a lack of clear accountability mechanisms on NFT platforms. This research examines the legal status of NFTs in relation to ITSK and analyzes the adequacy of current consumer protection measures in NFT-based digital land transactions. Through a normative juridical method, the study finds that NFTs have not been formally classified within ITSK, nor assigned to a definitive supervisory authority, whether OJK or Bappebti. As such, consumer protection remains reliant on general norms under Law No. 8 of 1999, which are insufficient to address the specific risks inherent in NFT transactions. This research recommends the issuance of derivative regulations by OJK and/or Bappebti to clarify NFT classification, establish platform obligations, and strengthen consumer protection.
Analysis of the Restructuring of Bad Credit Agreements in Conventional Banks Ria Juliana Siregar
Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): January - June
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grlspr.v5i2.2002

Abstract

Credit restructuring is a crucial mechanism in the banking sector designed to protect the interests of both creditors and debtors who are experiencing financial distress. In essence, restructuring serves as a remedial policy aimed at preventing loans from deteriorating into non-performing status while preserving the continuity of viable businesses. Rather than immediately enforcing collateral execution or initiating legal proceedings, banks may modify the original loan agreement to restore the borrower’s repayment capacity This process typically involves adjusting credit terms through interest rate reductions, extension of loan maturities, rescheduling of installment payments, conversion of short-term obligations into longer-term facilities, or, in certain cases, partial principal reduction. These measures are intended to realign debt obligations with the borrower’s current cash flow conditions. In Indonesia, regulatory frameworks established by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia provide a strong legal and prudential basis to ensure that restructuring is conducted transparently, objectively, and in accordance with sound risk management principles. For creditors, restructuring minimizes potential losses, preserves asset quality, and prevents a sharp increase in non-performing loans that could weaken capital adequacy. For debtors, it offers financial relief, protects business sustainability, and helps maintain employment and economic productivity. Although risks such as moral hazard, repeated default, and legal disputes may arise, effective supervision, fair mediation, and continuous performance evaluation can mitigate these challenges. When implemented prudently, credit restructuring becomes a strategic instrument for safeguarding financial system stability, particularly during periods of economic uncertainty or crisis.
Co-Authors Agnes Monika Gultom Edgar Thomas Butar-butar Elsita Lumban Gaol Esther, July Giawa, Fransisko Gultom, Meli Hertati Habeahan, Besty Hisar Siregar Irfandy H Simanungkalit Janpatar Simamora Jeki Saroha Tamba Jordy William Hutagalung Lingga, Ebenni Manalu, Mitra Elisabeti Martono Anggusti Meli Hertati Gultom Nababan, Roida Putri Melani Tampubolon Samuel Frans Boris Situmorang Sianturi, Andre Ferdy Sianturi, Cindy Gladys Pratiwi Simamora, Sovia Febrina Simamora, Sovia Febrina Tamaulina Sinambela, Krisman Josua Sitompul, Nova Marselina Situmorang, Samuel Sovia Febrina Tamaulina Simamora Sulastri Febriana Purba