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Journal : MEDICINUS

Mengembalikan Makna Bernapas Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 38 No. 11 (2025): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/rvt1y058

Abstract

The management of lower respiratory tract diseases, such as bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis, poses a significant challenge, particularly in countries with high levels of air pollution, smoking habits, and high prevalence of infections. Cough, as one of the primary symptoms, serves as a protective mechanism of the body to maintain airway hygiene as well as unobstructed breathing. Therefore, cough should be managed appropriately to ensure efficient mucus expectoration, one way being through the use of mucolytic agents such as bromhexine. Themodern approaches to respiratory infection management emphasize the combination of pharmacological interventions and physiological support. Pharmacological therapy focuses on restoring respiratory function using rational treatment, including control of inflammation, managing mucus drainage, and the rational use of antibiotics. Physiological interventions such as pulmonary rehabilitation and smoking cessation have a substantial long-term impact on improving patients’ quality of life.
Mikrobiota–Usus–Otak sebagai Jaringan Metabolik dan Pengatur Kontrol Energi Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 38 No. 12 (2025): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/fy2cd832

Abstract

This article examines the gut–brain axis in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes as a complex communication network that shapes glucose metabolism, systemic inflammation, gut hormone function, and eating behavior. By integratingevidence from metagenomic, neuroendocrine signaling, and modern pharmacotherapy studies, the article argues that type 2 diabetes is not merely a glycemic disorder, but also an internal ecological disruption involving microbiota interactions, theenteric nervous system, the vagus nerve, and metabolic regulatory centers in the brain. This perspective also highlights the clinical implications of emerging therapeutic agents such as GLP-1 agonists and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists. This articleconceptualizes type 2 diabetes as an interorgan communication disorder that can be ameliorated through multilevel interventions including microbiota modulation, restoration of incretin, and precision nutrition strategies.
Rekonseptualisasi Faktor Risiko dalam Kedokteran 2025 Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 39 No. 1 (2026): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/2ejq6e75

Abstract

The term “new risk factors” in the medical literature of 2025 rarely refers to the discovery of previously unknown disease determinants; rather, it reflects an epistemic shift in how risk is defined, measured, and interpreted. This perspectivehighlights how advances in objective measurement technologies, large-scale cohort analyses, and genetics-based causal approaches have brought renewed attention to factors that were previously under recognized or oversimplified. By examining examples such as multidimensionally measured sleep irregularity, wildfire smoke exposure as a cardiovascular determinant, chlorpyrifos pesticide exposure in neurodegenerative disease, and debates surrounding immune-relateddisease causality which assessed through Mendelian randomization, this article demonstrates that the “novelty” of riskfactors more often lies in the breadth of disease spectra and the depth of biological inference rather than in the variables themselves. Obesity and cancer are used as a conceptual framework to illustrate how clinical redefinition can reshape riskstratification and preventive strategies. This perspective argues that progress in modern medicine should not be measured by the expansion of risk factor lists, but by the capacity of scientific systems to assess risk with greater precision, contextual awareness, and orientation toward clinically meaningful outcomes.
Ansietas pada Lansia: Prevalensi, Faktor Penanda, dan Penanganannya Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 39 No. 2: MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/qefshn93

Abstract

Anxiety in older adults is a prevalent mental health issue, yet it is frequently underrecognized due to the overlap symptoms with physical illnesses and age-related psychosocial changes. This article reviews the global prevalence, key risk markers,and evidence-based management approaches. Numerous studies indicate that anxiety in older adults is associated with chronic medical conditions (including pain), functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS),low level of physical activity, and unhealthy dietary patterns. Evidence regarding direct association between serum vitamin D levels and anxiety in older adults remains inconsistent; however, emerging evidence suggests an indirect associationmediated through the role of vitamin D in gastrointestinal health and inflammatory process. Management of anxiety in older adults is recommended to follow a biopsychosocial approach, prioritizing psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and lifestyle modification, and selective pharmacotherapy reserved for moderate to severe cases.
Disfagia dalam Perspektif Klinis Kontemporer Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 39 No. 3 (2026): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/r1kbev80

Abstract

Dysphagia is a clinical symptom with diverse etiologies that is often narrowly interpreted as a neurological disorder or mechanical obstruction, however, recent literature indicates that it may present as a dominant symptom in chronictonsillopharyngitis with acute exacerbation. This narrative perspective review discusses the variability of dysphagia manifestations, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and the implications for management in inflammatorytonsillopharyngitis compared to dysphagia due to stroke, neurological, and neoplastic conditions, emphasizing that inflammatory dysphagia related to tonsillopharyngitis is potentially reversible and gives favourable response to cultureguidedantibiotics, short-term corticosteroids, as well as dietary modification. Early recognition of these clinical variations is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy and patients’ quality of life.dysphagia, chronic tonsillopharyngitis, acute exacerbation, oropharynx inflammation, clinical management
Co-Authors Achmad K. Harzif Agung Endro Nugroho Agung Endro Nugroho Andon Hestiantoro Andri Prasetiyo Anindini Winda Amalia Anindyajati Anindyajati Anita Artarini Armini Syamsidi ARTARINI, ANITA B. Atawolo, Andreas Babu, Murali Mohan Budi Wiweko Caroline G. Puspita CATUR RIANI Danang Agung Yunaidi Dayana, Hepy Debbie S. Retnoningrum Debbie S. Retroningrum DEBBIE SOEFIE RETNONINGRUM Dewi Riskha Nurmalasari Diana Nur Afifah Esti Mumpuni Esti Mumpuni Esti Mumpuni, Esti Gayatri, Anggi Gita Pratama Hapsari, Riani Hartati Tuna, Hartati Heliany, Ina Henry Soelistyo Budi Henry Soelistyo Budi, Henry Soelistyo Herbert Situmorang Herbert Situmorang Huda Shalahudin Darusman Indriawati, Iin Irsan Hasan Ismaya, Wangsa T. Kaka Renaldi Kanadi Sumapradja Krisnayanti, Ni Putu Eka Kristiana, Hery Kristiana, Hery Laurentia Stephani Liana W. Susanto Lilik Sulastri Luh Putu Nurshanti, Ni Maggy T. Suhartono Maggy T. Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono Marcellus Simadibrata Martha Wijaya, Harry Melva Louisa Murdani Abdullah Nafrialdi Nafrialdi Nailufar, Florensia Nailufar, Florensia Novia Tri Astuti Novia Tri Astuti Novitasari, Putri Rachma Permanasari, Silmi Citra Rachman, Andika Raden Muharam Natadisastra Retroningrum, Debbie S. Santi Tan Saut Horas Hatoguan Nababan Setiabudy, Rahajuningsih D Shirly Kumala SILMI MARIYA Simatupang, Stefeny Theresia Sinaga, Wenny S.L. Soelistyo Budi, Henry Susanto, Liana W Suwijiyo Pramono Suwijiyo Pramono Tan, Santi Viedya Novalinda Said Wangsa T. Ismaya Wangsa Tirta Ismaya Widjaja, Nadia Winoto, Imelda L Winoto, Imelda L Yanti Lim Zaelani, Bella Fatima Dora