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Journal : Biotropika

CaCO3-Reformulated Interlocking Bricks: Physical Characterization and Their Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Potential for Healthy Housing Djati, Muhammad Sasmito; Rachmawati, Turniningtyas Ayu; Anggraini, Retno; Zacoeb, Achfas; Rifa`i, Muhaimin; Minang, Bony Zulkarnaen; Kusuma, Kavana Hafil; Prima, Alex; Christina, Yuyun Ika
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.01.01

Abstract

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has many benefits for medicine, manufacturing, and nanotechnology due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Interlocking bricks (i-bricks) are widely used in sustainable housing for efficient air circulation and reducing humidity inside the house. If CaCO3 is mixed with interlocking brick, it can inhibit bacterial growth, leading to a healthier indoor environment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the physical characterization and antibacterial activity of CaCO3-reformulated i-brick, and its anti-inflammatory potential in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. The physical characterization of CaCO3-reformulated i-brick (F1-F10 formulas), including its density, compression, and absorption, was analyzed. The inhibitory activity of CaCO3-reformulated i-brick on S. typhimurium growth was determined using a linear regression equation between culture age and cell density values. BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=4): healthy mice (N), S. typhimurium-infected mice (S), S. typhimurium-infected mice treated with F6 formula (F6) and F7 formula (F7) for 7 days. After 7 days of treatment, lymphocytes were isolated to determine the relative number of TGF-beta, interleukin (IL)-10, and TNF-alpha using flow cytometry analysis. The results showed that formulas 6 and 7 of CaCO3-reformulated i-bricks exhibited optimal physical properties, including density, compression, and water absorption. These formulas also inhibited the growth of S. typhimurium. Furthermore, formulas 6 and 7 possessed anti-inflammatory effects in S. typhimurium-infected mice indicated by the high increase in IL-10 and TGF-beta production and low levels of TNF-alpha. In conclusion, CaCO3 brick formulation can inhibit the growth of S. typhimurium and exert an anti-inflammatory effect. Further investigation is needed to reveal the effect of CaCO3-reformulated i-bricks on another inflammatory marker to further elucidate its anti-inflammatory mechanism.
Co-Authors ., Fachreza Abdurrahman, Yusril Adam, Ariel Adison Aditya, Arch Adventus Kristian Tambunan Agoes Soehardjono Agoes Soehardjono Agoes Soehardjono M. D. Ahmad Rizqol Mahbub Alwan, Chotib Anindito Purnowidodo Anwari, Oryza Azizul Ari Wibowo Ari Wibowo Ariadi, Yudhi Arifi, Mohamad Fatchul Asenda, Dewa Chelievan, Aditya Christin Remayanti N. Christin Remayanti N. Danang Kurniawan, Danang Desy Setyowulan Diah Ayu Restuti Wulandari Edhi Wahyuni Edhi Wahyuni Setyowati Faradi, Dodi Fatkurotif Fatkurotif Fauzi, Ahmad Gembong Edhi Setyawan H. Santjojo, D. J Djoko Hakam, Fikri Arifuddin Harimurti . Harimurti . Harriani, Novi Dwi Hasyim, M. Hamzah Hasyim I Dewa Nyoman Yoga Prawira Ika Wulan Utami Ikhsan, Dito Muhammad Imran Jamaran Indradi Widjatmiko Kartika Purwitasari Kartika Puspa Negara Krisna Febrian Anugerahputra Kurnianingtyas, Diva Kusuma, Kavana Hafil Laksana, Fandy Setia Lilya Susanti Ludfi Djakfar M. Azharul Fikri M. Hamzah Hasyim M. Hamzah Hasyim M. Ikhsan Setiawan M. Taufik Hidayat MD, Agoes Soehardjono Minang, Bony Zulkarnaen Moch Sasmito Djati Moch. Agus Choiron Mochammad Surya Budi Utomo Muhamad, Gunawan Munir, Muhammad Syahrul Nugraha, Putra Adi Nursyahbani, Hanif O.K.A.N., Paradita Bagus Oktavianita, Yetty Partogian, Rio Hotman Permana Komardi, Riyan Ilmi Permana, George Rasyid Poerwadi, Mahmud Rekarifin Pramana, I Putu Leo Prastumi Prastumi Prayogi, Arie Prima, Alex Qonitah, Fairuz Firyal R. Santoso, Didik R., Nur Fatkhiyatur Rahardjo, Masaji Renhad Raharjo, Jovan Luke Rahman, Fuad Izzatur Rahman, Hilman Aulia Refandi, Ricky Rennie, Allan E.W. Retno Anggraini Retno Anggraini Rifa`i, Muhaimin Ristinah Ristinah Ristinah Ristinah Ristinah Syamsudin Robach, Choerur Roland Martin Roland Martin S Roland Martin S. Ronny Durrotun Nasihien, Ronny Durrotun Sagita, Filliyani Saifoe El Unas Saifoe El Unas Sinaga, William Swendy Siti Nurlina Soehardjono MD, Agoes Sri Murni Dewi Sri Murni Dewi Sugeng P. Budio Turniningtyas Ayu Rachmawati Utomo, Mochammad Surya Budi Wibowo, Satrio Agung Willy Aryansah Pratama P. Wirawan, Willy Artha Wisnumurti . Y L, Fajrina Zata Yuyun Ika Christina