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All Journal JURNAL HUKUM Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Journal of Dedicators Community PROGRESIF: Jurnal Hukum Indonesian State Law Review (ISLRev) Journal of Islamic Law Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Nusantara Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia AL WASATH Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Ascarya: Journal of Islamic Science, Culture and Social Studies Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan Insand Comtech : Information Science and Computer Technology Journal Advances In Social Humanities Research RESLAJ: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal Jurnal As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga Jurnal De Lege Ferenda Trisakti Indonesian State Law Review (ISLRev) JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) Indonesian Constitutional Studies
Muhtar Said
Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Indonesia
Religion Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences

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Faith, Fear, and the Constitution: Religious Freedom and Identity Politics in Indonesia’s Constitutional Jurisprudence Muhtar Said; Ridwan Arifin; Zaka Firma Aditya
Indonesian Constitutional Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Constitutional Studies, April 2025
Publisher : ARTES LIBRES INSTITUTUM

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Abstract

This study investigates how Indonesia’s Constitutional Court has navigated the dialectic of faith, fear, and the Constitution in its jurisprudence on religious freedom, with particular attention to the implications for pluralism and democratic sustainability. The primary objective is to assess whether the Court has upheld constitutional guarantees of religious liberty or accommodated majoritarian pressures by institutionalizing fear as a constitutional principle. Employing a normative legal research method, the study draws upon a statute approach to analyze constitutional provisions, a case approach to scrutinize landmark decisions such as the 2010 Blasphemy Law ruling, a conceptual approach grounded in theories of constitutional pluralism and militant democracy, and a comparative approach referencing jurisprudence in India, Europe, and North America. The results reveal that while the Court affirms religious freedom in principle, its jurisprudence selectively protects faith, privileging majority interpretations and relegating minority beliefs to conditional entitlements. Fear of unrest and disorder has become a central justification for rights restrictions, reshaping constitutional protections into negotiable privileges rather than universal guarantees. The findings demonstrate that the Constitution itself functions as both a site of principle and pragmatism, oscillating between normative commitments to equality and pragmatic deference to political pressures. Sustainable constitutionalism in Indonesia requires reinterpreting the Constitution as a guarantor of pluralism, reinforcing judicial courage, and embedding international human rights standards into domestic jurisprudence. This research contributes to global debates on religion, identity politics, and constitutional democracy in plural societies.
Co-Authors Aan Eko Widiarto Abdul Ghoffar Husnan Ahirullah, Rajab Al-Uyun, Dhia Ali Akhbar Abaib Mas Rabbani Lubis Ardiansyah, Alfan Rizki Arifin Andi Abdul Karim Binti Mamluatul Karomah DR, Muhammad Rusydi Erfandi AM Erfandi Erfandi Fadli, Moh. Fira Mubayyinah Handy Fernandy Kartini Laras Makmur Lutfa, Asna Minan, Ahasanul Minan, Ahsanul Muhammad Adib Alfarisi Muhammad Hasan Muaziz Muhammad Nurul Huda Muhammad Ramadhan Giri Wardana Muhammad Ramadhan Giri Wardana Muhammad Rusydi DR Nugraha, Sigit Nurhadi NUR ARIFAH Nurliani Nurliani Ridwan Arifin Riswanto Siti Maesaroh Unu Putra Herlambang Yundari, Yundari Zaka Firma Aditya