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Implementation of DenseNet121 Based on Convolutional Neural1 Network with Geometric Augmentation for Breast Cancer2 Histopathology Image Classification Ariani, Nabilah Evi; Surono, Sugiyarto; Thobirin, Aris
CAUCHY: Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi Vol 11, No 1 (2026): CAUCHY: JURNAL MATEMATIKA MURNI DAN APLIKASI
Publisher : Mathematics Department, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/cauchy.v11i1.37896

Abstract

The development of a robust deep learning architecture that is not easily affected by overfitting is an important factor in improving the performance of medical image classification systems. This study aims to assess the ability of the DenseNet121 architecture to classify histopathological images into two categories. The model utilizes pre-trained weights from ImageNet and is adjusted through fine-tuning, while geometric data augmentation techniques are performed to increase sample variation. The training process utilizes the AdamW optimizer and the Binary Cross-Entropy loss function, with performance assessment using binary classification metrics. The test results show that DenseNet121 achieved a training accuracy of 98.96%, a validation accuracy of 97.72%, and a testing accuracy of 97.09%, indicating consistent performance at each stage and no signs of overfitting. This finding indicates that DenseNet121 has great potential as an effective structure in histopathological image classification systems.
Impact of Different Kernels on Breast Cancer Severity Prediction Using Support Vector Machine Mahmudah, Kunti; Surono, Sugiyarto; Rusmining, Rusmining; Indriani, Fatma
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 8 No 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v8i1.960

Abstract

Breast cancer poses a critical global health challenge and continues to be one of the most prevalent causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Accurate and early classification of cancer severity is essential for improving treatment outcomes and guiding clinical decision-making, since timely intervention can significantly reduce mortality rates and enhance patient survival. This study evaluates the performance of Support Vector Machine (SVM) models using different kernel functions of Linear, Polynomial, Radial Basis Function (RBF), and Sigmoid for breast cancer severity prediction. The impact of feature selection was also examined, using the Random Forest algorithm to select the top features based on Mean Decrease Accuracy (MDA), which serves to reduce redundancy, improve interpretability, and enhance model efficiency. Experimental results show that the RBF kernel consistently outperformed other kernels, especially in terms of sensitivity, a critical metric in medical diagnostics that emphasizes the ability of the model to identify positive cases correctly. Without feature selection, the RBF kernel achieved an accuracy of 0.9744, a sensitivity of 0.9772, a precision of 0.9722, and an AUC of 0.9968, indicating strong performance across all evaluation metrics. After applying feature selection, the RBF kernel further improved the accuracy to 0.9754, the sensitivity to 0.9770, the precision to 0.9742, and the AUC to 0.9975, which demonstrated enhanced generalization and reduced overfitting, highlighting the benefits of targeted feature reduction. While the Polynomial kernel yielded the highest precision (up to 0.9799), its lower sensitivity (as low as 0.9237) indicates a greater risk of false negatives, which is particularly concerning in cancer detection. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing both kernel function and feature selection. The RBF kernel, when combined with targeted feature selection, offers the most balanced and sensitive model, making it highly suitable for breast cancer classification tasks where diagnostic accuracy is vital