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PENGUJIAN KINERJA MESIN DAN EMISI GAS BUANG MESIN DIESEL BERBAHAN BAKAR EMULSI PADA BERBAGAI TEKANAN INJEKSI Mangalla, Lukas Kano; Suardjaja, I Made
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI TECHNOSCIENTIA Technoscentia Vol 1 No 2 Februari 2009
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM), IST AKPRIND Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34151/technoscientia.v1i2.398

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of increasing injection pressure on engine performance and exhaust emission of emulsified fueled diesel engine. The diesel exhaust emission such as Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Unburned Hydrocarbon (HC) and Soot can be controlled through complete combustion and lower peak combustion temperature. This phenomenon occurred by utilizing fuel-water emulsion at high injection pressure to obtain a good atomization and perfect mixing of fuel-air in combustion chamber. The engine employed in this research was four stroke single cylinder diesel engine, with bore of 75 mm and stroke 80 mm. Engine was operated at vary throttle position from 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. At each throttle position rpm, load, fuel consumption, inlet pressure, exhaust temperature, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and opacity were measured. CO-HC emissions are measured by Mexa 321E and opacity by LDR tester. The injection pressure of fuel was varied at 145, 170 and 195 kg/cm2. The concentration of water in emulsion fuel was varied of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%W/O. ABS (Alkyl benzene Sulfonate) was used as emulsifier of water and diesel fuel with 0,22% volume. The result of the research show that torque and power of diesel engine were relatively constant with increasing injection pressure but emission of CO, HC and opacity reduced significantly. Increasing of injection pressure from 145 to 195 kg/cm2 resulted in reducing emission of CO, HC and opacity by 73 %, 60 % and 26.4 % respect-tively at wide-open-throttle.

PENGUJIAN KINERJA MESIN DAN EMISI GAS BUANG MESIN DIESEL BERBAHAN BAKAR EMULSI PADA BERBAGAI TEKANAN INJEKSI Mangalla, Lukas Kano; Suardjaja, I Made
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI TECHNOSCIENTIA Technoscentia Vol 1 No 2 Februari 2009
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM), IST AKPRIND Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34151/technoscientia.v1i2.398

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of increasing injection pressure on engine performance and exhaust emission of emulsified fueled diesel engine. The diesel exhaust emission such as Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Unburned Hydrocarbon (HC) and Soot can be controlled through complete combustion and lower peak combustion temperature. This phenomenon occurred by utilizing fuel-water emulsion at high injection pressure to obtain a good atomization and perfect mixing of fuel-air in combustion chamber. The engine employed in this research was four stroke single cylinder diesel engine, with bore of 75 mm and stroke 80 mm. Engine was operated at vary throttle position from 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. At each throttle position rpm, load, fuel consumption, inlet pressure, exhaust temperature, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and opacity were measured. CO-HC emissions are measured by Mexa 321E and opacity by LDR tester. The injection pressure of fuel was varied at 145, 170 and 195 kg/cm2. The concentration of water in emulsion fuel was varied of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%W/O. ABS (Alkyl benzene Sulfonate) was used as emulsifier of water and diesel fuel with 0,22% volume. The result of the research show that torque and power of diesel engine were relatively constant with increasing injection pressure but emission of CO, HC and opacity reduced significantly. Increasing of injection pressure from 145 to 195 kg/cm2 resulted in reducing emission of CO, HC and opacity by 73 %, 60 % and 26.4 % respect-tively at wide-open-throttle.

Pengelolaan Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga menjadi Sumber Energi Alternatif Mendukung Program Zero Waste Di Kota Kendari Mangalla, Lukas Kano; Sadimantara, I Gusti R; Suramas, Fransiscus R; Simatupang, Minson; Sadimantara, Muhammad S
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Ilmu Terapan (JPMIT) Vol 2, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Vokasi Universitas Halu Oleo

The community service activity integrated with KKN Tematik is intended to educate people and assist the community about the use and conversion of organic waste into alternative energy sources to replace fossil fuels that are poisonous and damage the environment. This Community Service program is carried out together with the student from Universitas Halu Oleo in Puwatu Kendari from July-August 2019. This activity was begun with a briefing for students who will take part in the program. The program is carried out for one month with various activities such as socialization programs for separating organic waste from households and demonstration of a waste gasification process in the gasification stoves that can utilize dry organic waste in the community. People of Puwatu Village, which became the partner of this program welcomed the activity antusiastically and positively. The results of the program implementation show that the community can understand and follow every program offered. This activity can have a positive impact in the form of reducing waste in landfill and utilizing energy sources other than fossil fuels for the community needed.

Pengeringan Gabah Menggunakan Kompor Gasifikasi Sekam Padi Mangalla, Lukas Kano; Pagiling, Luther P; Sudia, Budiman S
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Ilmu Terapan (JPMIT) Vol 1, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Vokasi Universitas Halu Oleo

Salah satu permasalahan utama bagi para petani padi adalah pengeringan pasca panen. Pengeringan yang kurang bagus dapat menurunkan kualitas panenan dan merugikan para petani. Pengabdian ini dimaksudkan memberi solusi pengeringan dengan memanfaatkan limbah buangan seperti sekam padi. Teknologi tepat guna untuk pengering alternative menggunakan energy panas biomassa seperti sekam padi, kayu kering dan limbah pertanian lainnya untuk memanaskan gabah dalam ruang pengering. System konversi energi ini menggunakan kompor gasifikasi yang mengubah bahan bakar padat menjadi gas panas untuk digunakan sebagai pemanas atau pengeringan.Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat melalui program kemitraan masyarakat yang digelontorkan oleh DRPM Kemristekdikti tahun 2019 ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan pengertahuan dan bahkan teknologi tepat guna bagi masyarakat desa yang mayoritas bertani seperti yang dilakukan di Desa Pambulaa Jaya Kecamatan Konda Solawesi Tenggara. Dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini tim pelaksana memberikan bimbingan dan pendampingan pemanfaatan limbah sekam padi dari penggilingan padi untuk menjadi sumber panas bagi pengeringan padi hasil panenan. Kagiatan dimulai dengan penyiapan alat dan bahan, perakitan atau pembuatannya dan pengoperasian dan penggunaannya.Masyarakat sangat antusias mengikuti kegiatan tersebut dan sangat tertarik dengan technology pengering yang disosialisasikan dan didemonstrasikan kepada mereka. Kegiatan ini membantu masyarakat menangani pengeringan mereka dan mengedukasi pemanfaatan limbah pertanian untuk mengeringkan panen. Diharapkan dengan pengembangan teknologi ini di masyarakat maka petani tidak lagi mangalami kerugian akibat pengeringan pasca panen.

ANALISIS PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA KOLEKTOR PLAT DATAR SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI TERMAL PADA PENGERING TIPE RAK Budiman Sudia; Lukas Kano Mangalla; Samhuddin Samhuddin; Wa Ode Zulkaidah
Dinamika : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol 10, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Universitas Halu Oleo

Solar collectors are devices that convert solar radiation energy into thermal energy which is used for various purposes. This study is used to determine the heat in the flat plate collector as a source of thermal energy. Data collection was carried out at Kambu, Kendari City with a latitude of 40 LS, in May 2018. The intensity of solar radiation measured using solar power meter : collector temperature measured using a thermocouple type CC (Cooper Constanta), wind speed measured using anemometer, the ambient temperature uses a mercury air thermometer. The Results show that the maksimum useful energy was 100, 09 W (Qu.act) and 182,01 W (Qu.teo) ; maksimum efficiency was 36,54 (hact ) and 77,2 % (hteo).

KAJIAN KONTRIBUSI SEKTOR TRANSPORTASI DARAT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN EMISI CO2 SERTA INVENTARISASI KEMAMPUAN SERAPAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DI KOTA KENDARI Rajab Jandipo Kaebansiha; Laode Muhammad Golok Jaya; Lukas Kano Mangalla
Dinamika : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol 11, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33772/djitm.v11i2.10215

ABSTRAK Tata guna lahan, jaringan infrastruktur jalan dan pergerakan manusia dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan serta peningkatan sistem tranportasi perkotaan. Aktivitas transportasi yang tinggi akan berdampak pada peningkatkan emisi gas buang di udara seperti CO2, CO, HC, CH4, SO2, NO2 dan partikulat yang dapat memicu pencemaran udara. Apabila tidak di imbangi dengan penambahan kawasan Ruang Terbuka Hijau maka daya dukung penyerapan emisi CO2 menjadi berkurang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat emisi CO2 dari konsumsi bahan bakar kendaraan darat serta daya dukung Ruang Terbuka Hijau dalam menyerap emisi CO2 diKota Kendari. Data primer berupa konsumsi bahan bakar berdasakan penyaluran Terminal Bahan Bakar Minyak di kota kendari, sedangkan luasan Ruang Terbuka Hijau mengacu pada RTH yang dikelola oleh Pemerintah Kota Kendari. Analisis yang digunakan dalam menghitung emisi CO2 adalah metode “tier 1” yang dikeluarkan oleh Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006, sedangkan analisis kemampuan daya serap RTH menggunakan data luasan pada setiap jenis tutupan lahan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan emisi CO2 yang signifikan akibat konsumsi bahan bakar kendaraan di Kota Kendari sejak tahun 2015 sampai tahun 2018, dimana tingkat emisi tahun 2015 sebesar 265.910,92 ton/tahun, sedangkan tahun 2018 mencapai 326.039,40 ton/tahun. Luas dan daya dukung Ruang Terbuka Hijau existing tidak mampu menyerap keseluruhan jumlah emisi CO2 yang disebabkan oleh konsumsi bahan bakar kendaraan darat, dimana jumlah emisi yang mampu diserap pada tahun 2018 sebesar 267.884,74 ton dari total emisi 326.039,40 ton sehingga Kota Kendari masih membutuhkan RTH seluas 102,9 hektar. Kata kunci: Emisi CO2, Kendaraan Darat, Ruang Terbuka Hijau ABSTRACT [Study Of Land Transportation Contribution On The Improvement Of CO2 Emissions And Inventory Of Ability Of Green Open Space Absorption In Kendari City]. Land use, road infrastructure networks and human movement can enhance the development and improvement of the transportation system. High transportation activities will increase emissions of CO2, CO, HC, CH4, SO2, NO2 and particulate emissions which can increase air pollution. If it is not balanced with the addition of the Green Open Space area, the carrying capacity of CO2 emissions will be reduced.This study aims to analyze CO2 emissions from land vehicle fuel consumption and carrying capacity of Green Open Space in saving CO2 emissions in Kendari City. Primary data consist of fuel consumption based on the distribution of fuel terminals in the city of Kendari, while the area of the Green Open Space is in accordance with the green space managed by the Kendari City Government. The analysis used in the calculation of CO2 emissions is the "level 1" method issued by the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), while the analysis of the capacity of green space absorption uses area data on each type of land cover.The results of this study indicate a significant increase in CO2 emissions in vehicle fuel consumption in Kendari City from 2015 to 2018, where the level of emissions in 2015 amounted to 265,910.92 tons / year, while in 2018 it reached 326,039.40 tons / year. The extent and carrying capacity of the Green Open Space is unable to reduce the amount of CO2 emissions caused by vehicle fuel consumption, while the amount of emissions that can be absorbed in 2018 is 267,884.74 tons of the total emissions of 326,039.40 tons so that the City of Kendari needs to require green space covering an area of 102.9 hectares. Keywords: CO2 emissions, land transportation, green open space

The Combustion Behavior and Emission of the Carbonized Biomass-Lignite Blended Briquettes Lukas Kano Mangalla; Mustarum Musaruddin; Agustinus Lolok
Dinamika : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol 8, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Universitas Halu Oleo

The biomass briquette is an alternative energy resource for the home industries as well as the power generations in many countries. In this study, the combustion behavior and emission characteristic of bio-briquettes from carbonized biomass (e.q.; Rice-hull and teak wood) and lignite coal blended are comprehensively investigated. The biomass used in this study consists of 50% rice husk and 50% teakwood. The biomass (B) and lignite (C) were mixed together with a composition of 50% C/B, 70% C/B and 100% C/B respectively. All compositions were added with 30% binder from cassava. Each composition was selected 3 grams, 4 grams and 5 grams to be briquetted inside a cylindrical molding (17 mm diameter) and pressed under 100kg/cm2. The bio-briquettes are dried naturally at atmospheric temperature for 4 days before examined. The combustion performance and emission characteristics of each type of briquettes were investigated in a cylindrical combustion furnace equipped with measurement devices such as mass balance, thermocouple and exhaust gas analyzer. The burning rate and furnace temperature of each fuel composition were measured during the combustion process. An analysis was performed from the comparison of the data recorded in the form of graphs and tables. Emissions of the bio-briquettes combustion were examined using digital smoke analyzer, MEXA Analyzer, during the combustion process. The results of the study indicate that additional of the biomass carbonized into bio-briquettes offers the advantageous on combustion rate and emissions pollution. The rapid increase in the temperature in the combustion chamber was affected by the reaction rate between a fuel and oxygen as well as the size of fuel burned. The smaller the briquettes results in the faster the burning process and leads the higher the temperature in the combustion chamber.

BIOBRIKET KARBONISASI DARI CANGKANG METE DAN SEKAM PADI UNTUK ENERGI BERKELANJUTAN Lukas Kano Mangalla; Abd. Kadir; Kadir Kadir
Dinamika : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol 10, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Universitas Halu Oleo

Indonesia - an agricultural country- has a large potential of biomass waste such as cashew nut shells and rice husks. Utilization of these materials can be an important source of alternative energy to support sustainable energy development. Several methods have been developed to optimize the utilization of this biomass throughout compacting processes at high pressures and temperatures as well as a material admixture. This study aims to investigate the energy potential of bio-briquettes from cashew nut shell charcoal and rice husks made of various pressures and materials admixture. The composition of briquette material consists of cashew charcoal (M) and rice husk (S) with a composition of 30/70 %, 50/50 % and 70/30% (mass base) with a constant adhesive of 15%. Each composition admixture was taken 5 grams to be compacting as briquettes. Bio-briquettes are made in cylindrical shapes with compacting pressures ranging from 50, 100 and 150 kgf /cm2. Combustion testing is carried out in solid fuel testing furnaces equipped with K-Type thermocouple and digital scales to measure the combustion temperature and combustion rate of the briquette mass when burned. The results showed that cashew charcoal shells and rice husks are very potential to be used as solid fuels which have a coal equivalent heating value. The larger the admixture of cashew nut charcoal in bio-briquettes the better the thermal properties derived, especially of combustion rate and temperature generated during combustion.

PERANCANGAN PENGERING GABAH MENGGUNAKAN PEMANAS UDARA DARI TUNGKU SEKAM Lukas Kano Mangalla
Metropilar - Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Teknik Vol 6, No 1 (2008): Metropilar
Publisher : Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (220.019 KB)

After harvesting technology drying process was an important knowledge for a rice farmer. The paddy was usually dried within 6 day in the raining season. In order to solve the problem, a drying technology has been developed by utilizing farm waste, such as husk alternative fuel. The aim of the research is to design an effective and efficient of rice dryer by using energy as result of sekam burned. Dryer scheme use the simple equipments and economically. Frame of dryer construction can be using the log while wall from Plywood. Burned chamber of sekam fuel was made to be separated from dryer space. Heat combustion was transfer to the drier space by a number of small pipes. Evaluated of dryer conducted by filling 3 kg shell of rice into dryer space after sekam begin to burning. Temperatures of each tray dryer’s chamber and external air were measured. Result of research show the device of dryer space by using heater from sekam burned was very effective for rice paddy dryer. Temperature in dryer space can be reached 40oC to 55oC where the temperature was near the maximum temperature reached by direct sun irradiating. Key words: Drier, Combustion, Biomass Energy

PEMANFAATAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH UNTUK MEREDUKSI LIMBAH BERBAHAYA PADA TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR ANDOOLO Minson Simatupang; Lukas Kano Mangalla; Agustinus Lolok; Romy Suryaningrat Edwin; La Ode Muhammad Nurrakhmad Arsyad; Fitriah
Panrita Abdi - Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Vol. 5 No. 3 (2021): Jurnal Panrita Abdi - Juli 2021
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/pa.v5i3.9347

Abstract. Leachate is a liquid that infiltrates through rubbish heaps due to direct rain fall, drainage water, or water from the surrounding area and has extracted dissolved or suspended material. Leachate contains pollutants with very high concentration so that it is potential to pollute the environment. Waste treatment installation system is one solution. Waste treatment in this service uses a pool system. The problem is the limited understanding of the community/construction workers around the landfill regarding the method of making a good and correct waste treatment plant (IPL). The application of science and technology in this service is carried out with a model of assistance/ guidance on how to make a good box system of IPL so that hazardous waste from the landfill can be minimized as much as possible. The results show that assistance/guidance on how to make IPL at the landfill site adds insight into the community/construction workers around the landfill in making the IPL. They have better understood and explored the process of making a good IPL so that it can function properly in tackling pollution of the soil, water, and the surrounding environment. The process of meeting the quality standards has been recorded properly so that the construction implementation process can run more smoothly. With the assistance/guidance given, they are able to be independent individually and in groups to develop their careers in the future as construction workers, especially in making IPL. Leachate treatment units applied are anaerobic ponds, facultative pools, maturation ponds and constructed wetlands. Abstrak. Lindi merupakan cairan yang menginfiltrasi melalui tumpukan sampah akibat air hujan secara langsung, air drainase, atau air dari area sekitar dan telah mengekstraksi material terlarut maupun tersuspensi. Lindi mengandung polutan dengan konsentrasi sangat tinggi sehingga sangat potensial untuk mencemari lingkungan. Sistem instalasi pengolahan limbah merupakan salah satu solusi. Pengolahan limbah dalam pengabdian ini menggunakan system kolam. Permasalahannya adalah terbatasnya pemahaman masyarakat/para pekerja bangunan di sekitar TPA tentang metode pembuatan instalasi pengolahan limbah (IPL) yang baik dan benar. Penerapan iptek dalam pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dengan model pendampingan/bimbingan tentang cara pembuatan IPL sistem kotak yang baik sehingga limbah berbahaya hasil TPA bisa diminimalisir semaksimal mungkin. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pendampingan/ bimbingan tentang cara pembuatan IPL di lokasi TPA menambah wawasan masyarakat/ pekerja bangunan sekitar TPA dalam membuat IPL. Mereka telah lebih memahami dan mendalami proses pembuatan IPL yang baik sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya dalam menanggulangi pencemaran tanah, air dan lingkungan sekitar. Proses pemenuhan baku mutu sudah terekam dengan baik sehingga proses pelaksanaan konstruksi bisa berjalan lebih mulus. Dengan pendampingan/bimbingan yang diberikan, mereka sudah bisa mandiri secara personal maupun kelompok untuk mengembangkan karirnya ke depan sebagai pekerja bangunan/konstruksi khususnya pembuatan IPL. Unit-unit pengolahan limbah/lindi TPA yang diterapkan adalah kolam anaerobik, kolam fakultatif, kolam maturasi dan constructed wetland.

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