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All Journal Awang Long Law Review Jurnal Suara Hukum International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Journal of Mathematics Instruction, Social Research and Opinion Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Kriminologi Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Annual Review of Legal Studies Journal of Law and Legal Reform The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Pandecta : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Hukum (Research Law Journal) Jurnal Pengabdian Hukum Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review Law Research Review Quarterly Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Resocia: International Journal of Applied Research and Innovation
Indah Sri Utari
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Psychological Aspects of Offenders and Penal Sanctions Effectiveness in Child Sexual Explotation Cases : Case Study Number : 1477/Pid.Sus/2024/Pn Plg Via Geneti Lomban Toruan; Indah Sri Utari
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Articles in press
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i2.44710

Abstract

Cases of child sexual exploitation through digital media (CSAM) continue to escalate; however, law enforcement frequently concentrates solely on imposing retributive prison sentences without adequately considering the offender's psychological profile. This study analyzes Court Decision Number 1477/Pid. Sus/PN Plg, in which the defendant was sentenced to 11 years in prison without a mandate for clinical rehabilitation, to evaluate the effectiveness of such sanctions from a forensic psychological perspective and emphasize the urgency of implementing a Double Track System to mitigate recidivism. Employing a qualitative method with a normative juridical and case study approach, the research finds that pure imprisonment is substantively ineffective as it fails to address the cognitive distortions and psychosexual disorders prevalent among offenders, which cannot be remediated through physical isolation alone. Neglecting these psychological dimensions in judicial verdicts compromises long-term public protection once the offender completes their sentence. Consequently, this research affirms that achieving substantive justice requires the Indonesian criminal justice system to transform towards a Double Track System as mandated by the TPKS Law, wherein the integration of forensic psychological assessments in court proceedings becomes an absolute prerequisite for determining appropriate action sanctions (rehabilitation) to effectively break the cycle of child sexual violence.
POLICY ON THE FORMULATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE CREATION AND DISSEMINATION OF DEEPFAKE VIDEOS FROM A CRIMINAL LAW PERSPECTIVE IN INDONESIA Athalia Pranata Putri S Meliala; Indah Sri Utari
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Articles in press
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i2.44714

Abstract

The advancement of Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) technology has enabled deepfakes to facilitate serious crimes in Indonesia, including non-consensual pornography, public figure impersonation, and political disinformation. This study analyzes Indonesia's existing criminal law framework regarding AI-based deepfake accountability and proposes ideal policy reforms. Using normative legal research with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study identifies significant normative gaps (lex lacuna) across the ITE Law, the New Criminal Code or Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), and the Personal Data Protection (PDP) Law. Key deficiencies include the absence of a legal definition of deepfakes, no comprehensive accountability mechanism covering the AI production chain, and difficulties applying mens rea principles given AI system autonomy. Comparative analysis of the EU AI Act and China's Deep Synthesis Regulations reveals that effective regulation requires a layered accountability model: strict liability for AI developers, vicarious liability for platform operators, and direct liability for end users. This framework should be complemented by mandatory synthetic content labeling and harmonization with the PDP Law and New Criminal Code as lex generalis. This study recommends either enacting a dedicated Artificial Intelligence Bill or revising the ITE Law to explicitly criminalize deepfake creation and dissemination. Such reform is essential to establish legal certainty, close existing normative gaps, and strengthen public protection against AI-facilitated crimes in Indonesia. 
The Authority of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in Handling Maladministration in Public Services: A State Administrative Law Perspective Daud Renata Candra Ramadan; Indah Sri Utari
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Articles in press
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i1.44887

Abstract

The consequence of the welfare state concept requires the government to provide excellent public services for the community. To oversee the implementation and prevent maladministration, the state established the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia through Law Number 37 of 2008. Legal issues that arise in state administration practice are the end product of the Ombudsman's authority in the form of "Recommendations" which are only magistrature of influence (Moral Influence) and do not have the force of execution like a court decision. This results in these recommendations often being ignored by state administration agencies. This research is a normative legal research that uses a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Based on the perspective of State Administrative Law, the results of the research itself indicate that the position of the Ombudsman is as an external supervisory institution (state auxiliary organ) tasked with maintaining bureaucratic compliance with the General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB). To address the weak legal binding power of the Recommendation, a legal construction with integrity is needed. This ideal construction is built by synchronizing the Ombudsman Law with the administrative sanction instruments in Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services and also Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. Through this construction, the act of ignoring the Recommendation itself is categorized as a violation of the AUPB, thus mandatorily forcing the reported official's superior, under the supervision of the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP), to impose administrative sanctions on personnel in stages to ensure certainty of resolution.
The Protection of International Humanitarian Law against Child Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict: A Case Study of Sudan Tesalonika David; Indah Sri Utari
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): Articles in Press
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i4.44945

Abstract

This study examines the protection of international humanitarian law for child victims of sexual violence in Sudan's armed conflict, particularly in the context of the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) since April 2023. Using normative legal research methods with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study analyzes applicable international legal instruments, international criminal tribunal jurisprudence, and available law enforcement mechanisms. The results of the study show two main findings. First, the normative framework of international humanitarian law including the 1998 Rome Statute, the 1949 Geneva Convention, the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the UN Security Council Resolutions have provided a juridically adequate legal basis for establishing criminal accountability against RSF perpetrators through the ICC mechanism based on the referral jurisdiction of Resolution 1593 (2005), as reinforced by the precedent of the Ali Kushayb ruling (October 2025). Second, effective protection for child victims of sexual violence faces serious implementation gaps due to four structural barriers: state non-cooperation in the execution of arrest warrants, limitations of UN Security Council mechanisms, barriers to proof on the ground, and the inadequacy of Sudan's national justice system. The study concludes that the continued impunity is not a reflection of the inadequacy of legal norms, but rather a failure of the political will of the international community to implement them consistently.  
Economic Exploitation of Children: An Integrated Handling Model for the Protection of Children's Constitutional Rights (Study in Pati Regency) Sofia Ayut Lutfiana; Indah Sri Utari
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol. 12 No. 4 (2026): Articles in Press
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v12i4.47018

Abstract

Economic exploitation of children is still a serious problem that occurs in various regions, including in Pati Regency, and has adirect impact on the violation of children's rights. This problem is generally triggered by the socio-economic conditions of vulnerable families and low legal awareness of the community, that children are often used as a means to gain economic benefits. This study to analyze law enforcement against the crime of economic exploitation of children in Pati Regency and formulate an integrated handling model in the context of protecting children's constitutional rights. The method used is sociological juridical with a qualitative approach, through the collection of primary data obtained from the public and law enforcement officials, as secondary data sourced from laws and regulations and literature studies. The results of the study show that normatively the legal apparatus for child protection has been adequate, its implementation at the regional level has not been running optimally. Law enforcement is still dominated by preventive efforts, while repressive actions against exploiters have not been carried out firmly and consistently. Low legal culture of the community is also a factor that inhibits the effectiveness of child protection. This study concludes that it is necessary to strengthen fair law enforcement, increase cross-sector coordination, and build community legal awareness as part of an integrated handling model to suppress the practice of economic exploitation of children and ensure the protection of children's constitutional rights in a sustainable manner.
Beyond Punishment: A Criminological Analysis of Social Determinants of Criminal Behavior in Contemporary Society Deo Renaldi Saputra; Indah Sri Utari; Anis Widyawati
International Journal of Applied Research and Innovation Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): : July: Resocia: International Journal of Applied Research and Innovation
Publisher : CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65310/r2qt9543

Abstract

Criminal behavior has traditionally been examined through punishment-oriented frameworks that emphasize individual responsibility and legal accountability. Contemporary criminological scholarship increasingly demonstrates that crime is strongly influenced by social determinants operating within broader structural environments. This study analyzes the relationship between social determinants and criminal behavior in contemporary society using a normative criminological approach supported by conceptual, sociological, and criminological analyses. The findings indicate that socioeconomic inequality, social exclusion, educational deprivation, family dysfunction, structural discrimination, community disorganization, and technological transformation constitute significant factors contributing to criminal conduct. These determinants create criminogenic conditions that increase vulnerability to offending and facilitate the persistence of criminal activities across different social contexts. The study further finds that punishment-centered criminal justice policies possess limited effectiveness in addressing the underlying causes of crime, particularly regarding recidivism and long-term behavioral change. Preventive strategies emphasizing rehabilitation, social inclusion, educational development, community strengthening, and institutional reform demonstrate greater potential for sustainable crime reduction. Effective criminal justice systems therefore require integration between substantive criminal law, preventive social policies, and evidence-based criminological interventions to address both legal violations and their structural causes.
The Criminogenic Dynamics of Methamphetamine Abuse: A Differential Association Theory Approach Mardana Rifta Oktaviana; Anis Widyawati; Indah Sri Utari
International Journal of Applied Research and Innovation Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): : July: Resocia: International Journal of Applied Research and Innovation
Publisher : CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65310/pqem1m86

Abstract

Methamphetamine abuse remains a critical challenge in Indonesia because it threatens public health, social stability, economic development, and national security. This study aims to analyze the criminogenic dynamics underlying methamphetamine abuse and to explain how social interaction and peer environments facilitate the learning of drug-related behavior through Edwin H. Sutherland's Differential Association Theory. The study employed a non-empirical qualitative design using normative juridical and criminological approaches. Secondary data were collected through an extensive review of statutory regulations, scholarly literature, previous research, court decisions, and official publications of the National Narcotics Board (BNN). The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings indicate that methamphetamine abuse results from the interaction between internal and external criminogenic factors. Internal factors include psychological vulnerability, weak self-control, identity exploration, and curiosity, whereas external factors comprise family disorganization, deviant peer associations, weakened social control, educational limitations, and economic hardship. Differential Association Theory further explains that methamphetamine abuse is acquired through sustained interaction within intimate social groups, where individuals learn criminal techniques, motives, rationalizations, and favorable definitions toward drug use. These findings suggest that effective prevention requires integrated strategies combining family strengthening, positive social environments, education, rehabilitation, and sustained law enforcement to disrupt criminogenic social learning processes.
Kewenangan Penyidik Polri dalam Menangani Kejahatan Ekonomi Khusus pada Sektor Perbankan Aprilia Wahidatul Hasanah; Indah Sri Utari
Annual Review of Legal Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January, 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/arls.v3i1.42490

Abstract

Di Indonesia, penyidikan terhadap kejahatan ekonomi yang berkaitan dengan sektor perbankan secara yuridis berada dalam kewenangan penyidik Kepolisian Republik Indonesia (Polri). Hal ini menegaskan bahwa Polri memiliki kewenangan dalam menangani kejahatan ekonomi khusus pada sektor perbankan yang bentuk kejahatannya kompleks dan terorganisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kewenangan penyidik Polri dalam menangani kejahatan ekonomi khusus di sektor perbankan, mengkaji implementasi kewenangan tersebut, serta merumuskan upaya peningkatan efektivitas penyidikan. Permasalahan pokok dalam penelitian ini mencangkup dasar hukum dan ruang lingkup kewenangan penyidik Polri, praktik pelaksanaan kewenangan, serta kendala lain yang dihadapi di lapangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normative dengan pendeketan peraturan perundang-undangan, hukum acara pidana, dan doktrin hukum yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyidik Polri memiliki kewenangan untuk melakukan tindakan penyidikan seperti pemanggilan pihak terkait, penyitaan dokumen perbankan, pemeriksaan transaksi, serta pelacakan hasil kejahatan. Namun, implementasi kewenangan tersebut menghadapi berbagai kendala, antara lin tumpeng tindih regulasi, keterbatasan akses terhadap data perbankan, meningkatnya kompleksitas kejahatan keuangan berbasis digital, serta lemahnya koordinasi antar lembaga. Selain itu, perlindungan data pribadi juga menjadi tantangan begi penyidik Polri dalam proses penegakkan hukum. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa efektivitas penanganan kejahatan ekonomi di sektor perbankan sangat bergantung pada kejelasan kewenangan penyidik, konsistensi penerapan hukum acara pidana, serta penguatan koordinasi kelembagaan. Upaya yang diperlukan meliputi peningkatan kapasitas penyidik melalui pelatihan forensic digital, harmonisasi regulasi, serta penguatan kerja sama dengan Lembaga terkait guna mendukung proses penyidikan secara optimal dan menjaga stabilitas sistem keuangan serta kepercayaan masyarakat.
Navigating Indonesia’s Economic Crossroads: The Future of State-Owned Enterprises in a Transforming National Economy Aldehita Purnasanti Maulida; Indah Sri Utari; Yustina Dhian Novita; Abu Bakar Munir
Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Legal Advocacy and Justice Innovation
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijals.v8i1.55219

Abstract

Indonesia’s economy is currently positioned at a decisive crossroads, facing the dual pressures of global market volatility and domestic structural transformation. Within this context, state-owned enterprises (BUMN) remain central actors, historically tasked with advancing national development objectives while simultaneously serving as instruments of fiscal stability and political legitimacy. Yet, their future role is increasingly contested as Indonesia seeks to reconcile efficiency, transparency, and competitiveness with broader goals of social equity and sustainable growth. This article critically examines the evolving position of BUMN in Indonesia’s transforming economy by integrating economic performance data, governance reforms, and comparative international perspectives. The analysis highlights a paradox: while BUMN continue to drive infrastructure expansion, energy provision, and financial intermediation, they also generate fiscal vulnerabilities through inefficiency, rent-seeking practices, and governance deficits. Regulatory reforms have sought to modernize corporate structures and enhance accountability, but enforcement remains uneven and institutional fragmentation persists. Drawing on socio-legal and political economy frameworks, the study argues that Indonesia’s economic sustainability depends on reorienting BUMN from state-centric instruments toward engines of innovation, competitiveness, and public value creation. By situating Indonesia’s experience within global debates on state capitalism, corporate governance, and developmental economics, the article contributes to understanding how emerging economies can navigate the tension between market liberalization and state intervention. It emphasizes that the future of BUMN will determine whether Indonesia can transform its current economic crossroads into a pathway toward inclusive, resilient, and globally competitive development. Ultimately, the study underscores that accountability, efficiency, and victim-centered governance are not optional reforms but essential conditions for Indonesia’s long-term economic transformation.
Legal Protection for Child Sexual Violence Victims: Victimology Perspectives, Challenges, and Policy Solutions in Asia Indah Sri Utari; Ubaidillah Kamal; Diandra Preludio Ramada; Benny Sumardiana; Bhanu Prakash Nunna
Jurnal Suara Hukum Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Suara Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jsh.v8n1.p40-77

Abstract

This study critically examines the implementation and effectiveness of legal protection mechanisms for child victims of sexual violence across selected Asian-majority countries. While many nations in the region have ratified international conventions (such as the CRC) and enacted specialized domestic legislation, the reality of enforcement is often undermined by socio-cultural dynamics and systemic weaknesses. Employing a victimology framework, this research analyzes the factors contributing to revictimization and the specific challenges faced by children navigating the criminal justice system within contexts characterized by strong familial hierarchy, community privacy norms, and prevalent gender biases. The study identifies three core implementation challenges common across the region: 1) the pervasive influence of stigma and victim-blaming rooted in traditional values, leading to underreporting and case withdrawal; 2) procedural inadequacies within law enforcement and judicial sectors, resulting in non-trauma-informed practices and secondary harm; and 3) the failure to effectively deliver restitution and holistic rehabilitation services due to funding gaps and lack of integrated inter-agency cooperation. Drawing upon comparative case analysis, this paper proposes alternative solutions that are culturally sensitive yet legally robust. Key recommendations include implementing mandatory specialized judicial training focused on child psychology and trauma-informed interviews, establishing state-funded victim compensation and rehabilitation schemes independent of criminal prosecution outcomes, and promoting community-level restorative justice initiatives that prioritize the child's well-being over solely punitive measures. Ultimately, this study advocates for a paradigm shift from a purely punitive legal response to a comprehensive, victim-centered approach tailored to the unique societal structures of Asian-majority countries.
Co-Authors Abu Bakar Munir Ahmad Zaharuddin Sani Ahmad Sabri Akhmad Jafar Aldehita Purnasanti Maulida Ali Masyhar Mursyid Ali Masyhar Mursyid Alifkha Herlyanda Putra putra Alya Lutfianti Amira Rahma Sabela Anang Riyan Ramadianto Anindhita Sekaring Barendriyas Anis Widyawati Aprila Niravita, Aprila Aprilia Wahidatul Hasanah Asmarani Ramli ASYAFFA RIDZQI AMANDHA Athalia Pranata Putri S Meliala Benny Sumardiana Bhanu Prakash Nunna Daud Renata Candra Ramadan Deni SB Yuherawan Deo Renaldi Saputra Devindya Citra Diandra Preludio Ramada Dina Wahyu Pritaningtias elanti fatayatun khoiroh Errix Dwi Saputra Eva Syahidah Fadilla Elza Aida Putri Falikha Ardiyani Zjubaidi Farida Tuharea Fikrie, Muhammad Ridho Iksanul Haizul Ma’arif Herry Subondo Indra Ardiansyah Joko Susanto Kun Retno Handayani Mardana Rifta Oktaviana Martitah Moh. Fadhil Muhammad Azzam Muhammad Haidar Ghoni Mumammad Junaidi Putri Villa Amilia Rahmawati Mohd. Yusoff Ridwan Arifin Rini Fidiyani Rodiyah - Rodiyah Tangwun Sherlin Lovina Manalu Siti Malaiha Dewi Sofia Ayut Lutfiana Sofiatun Sofiatun Sri Hartanto Subaidah Ratna Juita Suhadi Tesalonika David Tia Utami Sucianti Mawarti Ubaidillah Kamal Via Geneti Lomban Toruan Yudita Trisnanda Yuli Prasetyo Adhi Yustina Dhian Novita Zahra Putri Pertiwi