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Mairil and Nyempet as Child Sexual Violence in Pesantren: Contradictions of Traditional Norms, Religion, and Criminal Law Policy in Indonesia Tohari, Mohamad; Kamalludin, Iqbal; Suseno, Jarot Jati Bagus; Umar, Achmad Jauhari; Pratami, Bunga Desyana
IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) Vol 9, No 1 (2024): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (May, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v9i1.50291

Abstract

Pesantren, Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, traditionally provide dormitories for santri, students dedicated to religious studies from childhood through adolescence. However, adolescence often coincides with heightened curiosity about sexuality, leading to behaviors like "Mairil" and "Nyempet." Mairil involves affectionate interactions between individuals of the same gender, which can escalate to physical actions known as Nyempet, distinct from sodomy. This socio-legal study employs a qualitative approach focusing on substantive justice in criminal policy. The research underscores that Mairil and Nyempet constitute forms of sexual violence prevalent in pesantren. Despite inconsistencies with religious norms and criminal law, enforcement remains inadequate. It advocates for a comprehensive approach involving pesantren and competent authorities to tackle these issues. Key recommendations include enhancing victim protection, enforcing existing laws rigorously, and raising societal awareness through education on individual rights and humanitarian principles. In conclusion, addressing Mairil and Nyempet requires concerted efforts from all stakeholders to ensure justice, protect victims, and promote a more inclusive understanding within Indonesian society and its educational institutions.
Dynamics and Challenges of Legal Regulation concerning Human Smuggling with Refugee Objects in Indonesia Kukuh Kharisma, Lalu; Susilowati, Tri; Tohari, Mohamad
Journal of Management Economic and Financial Vol. 2 No. 6 (2024): Special Issue
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/jmef.v2i6.65

Abstract

This research discusses the dynamics and challenges in legal regulation related to human smuggling, focusing on refugees in Indonesia. Despite Indonesia being a significant transit country for refugees, the existing legal framework, particularly Law No. 6 of 2011 on Immigration, does not specifically regulate the status and protection of refugees. Consequently, refugees are often viewed as illegal immigrants, leading to human rights violations and legal uncertainty. The first subsection analyzes how dynamic legal regulations interact with the challenges faced in the context of human smuggling. It further explores necessary efforts to create legal certainty, including the need for more specific regulations and transparent procedures. This research is expected to contribute to the development of better policies and practices in dealing with human smuggling cases and protecting the rights of refugees in Indonesia.
Implementation of Loss Assessment Theory in Improving the Effectiveness of the Connexity Justice System Rahmadhani, Savira; Tohari, Mohamad; Amin Zaini, Naya
Journal of Management Economic and Financial Vol. 2 No. 6 (2024): Special Issue
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/jmef.v2i6.66

Abstract

This research discusses the dynamics and challenges in legal regulation related to human trafficking with a focus on refugees in Indonesia. Although Indonesia is a significant transit country for refugees, the existing legal framework, particularly Law No. 6 of 2011 on Immigration, does not specifically regulate the status and protection of refugees. Consequently, refugees are often viewed as illegal immigrants, leading to human rights violations and legal uncertainties. The first subtitle conducts an analysis of how dynamic legal regulations interact with the challenges faced in human trafficking. It further explores the necessary efforts to create legal certainty, including the need for more specific regulations and transparent procedures. This research is expected to contribute to the development of better policies and practices in handling human trafficking cases and protecting the rights of refugees in Indonesia
Affirmation of the rights and obligations of couriers in cash on delivery marketplace transactions Ferynando, Hamka; Suryandari, Wieke Dewi; Tohari, Mohamad
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/ijoms.v4i2.1027

Abstract

The Cash on Delivery (COD) payment scheme in Indonesia has become a popular choice in e-commerce, offering convenience and trust to consumers, particularly those without access to digital banking services. However, this scheme presents significant challenges, particularly for couriers who bear the brunt of operational and financial risks. Despite their role as intermediaries, couriers face unfair expectations, including bearing the costs of unpaid goods or managing buyer dissatisfaction over product non-conformity. This research examines the rights and obligations of couriers in COD transactions through a normative legal and case study approach. The findings reveal systemic gaps in legal protections and a lack of clear regulatory frameworks to safeguard couriers' rights, compounded by unfair corporate policies and limited awareness among couriers regarding their legal boundaries. To mitigate these challenges, the study recommends developing comprehensive legal frameworks, promoting good faith among transaction parties, and exploring innovative solutions such as integrating technology to enhance transparency and accountability. This study contributes to the legal and e-commerce fields by proposing actionable solutions to protect couriers while fostering a sustainable COD ecosystem. Future research should focus on comparative studies of international practices, the psychological impact on couriers, and alternative payment systems to address the inherent risks in COD transactions.
Reorientation of regulation to accommodate the status of online driver workers Christiyono, Thomas Carlo; Tohari, Mohamad; Suryandari, Wieke Dewi
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/ijoms.v4i2.1030

Abstract

The gig economy, marked by the rise of digital platforms such as ride-hailing services, has transformed labor relationships, challenging traditional employment regulations. This study examines the legal ambiguity surrounding the employment status of online motorcycle taxi drivers in Indonesia, focusing on the elements of work, wages, and command that align with employment relationships yet remain categorized as partnerships. The lack of regulatory clarity undermines drivers’ access to essential rights such as fair wages, social security, and health protections, exacerbating power imbalances and exposing them to exploitation. This research employs a normative legal method to analyze the regulatory gaps in existing labor laws and proposes a reorientation of regulations to better accommodate online drivers’ status and protect their rights. Findings highlight the need for clear legal definitions, limits on freedom of contract, and regulatory frameworks that ensure drivers’ participation in policy-making. By recognizing drivers as workers, this study advocates for a fairer, more sustainable labor framework, enhancing legal certainty and fostering trust in the digital transportation industry. Future research is suggested to explore comparative worker classification models, the economic impact of worker recognition, and the role of technology in mitigating power imbalances between drivers and platforms.
The Role Of The Semarang Police In Overcoming Narcotics Crime Syafutra, Denni; Tohari, Mohamad
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains Vol. 4 No. 06 (2023): Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains
Publisher : CV. Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v4i06.830

Abstract

Conceptually, crime prevention can be carried out either by using criminal justice (justice) or other means outside of criminal justice (non-judicial). Criminal law policies in dealing with narcotics in Indonesia have been carried out for a long time. Beginning with the enactment of the Drugs Ordinance (Verdoovende Middelen Ordonnantie, Stbl.1927No.278 jo. No.536). The Ordinance was later replaced by Law no. 9 of 1976 concerning Narcotics. Subsequently, the law was changed to Law no. 22 of 1997 concerning Narcotics until the emergence of Law no. 35 of 2009 as the latest update of the law on Narcotics. The main focus of the Semarang Police in tackling narcotics crimes lies in preventive efforts covering all efforts to prevent the abuse of narcotics or similar substances among the general public. Then narrow the space for movement and reduce the influence on other aspects of life.
Fan Culture dan Batasan Hukum: Analisis Tindakan Sasaeng Fans dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Anggraeni, Hari Sri; Tohari, Mohamad; Susilowati, Tri
Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Legal Standing
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24269/ls.v9i3.11752

Abstract

The phenomenon of sasaeng fans in the K-pop industry has become a serious issue that threatens the privacy and security of idols. Behaviors such as stalking, spreading personal information, and even physical threats are common actions of sasaeng fans, which are often difficult to address legally. This study analyzes sasaeng fans' behavior from the perspective of South Korean criminal law, focusing on case studies of BTS and NCT. The research employs a normative and empirical juridical approach, utilizing legal regulations, court decisions, news reports, and relevant case documentation as data sources. The findings reveal that although South Korea has implemented the Stalking Punishment Act and other regulations, their enforcement faces several challenges, including difficulties in proving intent, relatively lenient penalties, and idols’ reliance on agencies to report cases. Therefore, stricter policy revisions, active agency involvement in reporting violations, and fan education on ethical boundaries in idol support are necessary. The results of the study show that although South Korea has enacted the Stalking Punishment Act and other regulations related to the protection of public figures, its implementation still faces significant obstacles. The original findings in this study indicate that one of the roots of the problem is not merely the legal vacuum, but rather the gap between the existence of the law and legal awareness of both victims and law enforcement officers. In addition, the results of this study also reveal that the sanctions imposed on sasaeng perpetrators tend to be light and do not have a deterrent effect, so that the practice of violating privacy against idols remains widespread.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kurir Ekspedisi E – Commerce pada Sistem Cash On Delivery di Kabupaten Semarang Hanzah Alid, Idul; Ekaningsih, Lailasari; Tohari, Mohamad; Jaya Waruwu, Berkat
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v7i1.2067

Abstract

Pelaksanaan transaksi e-commerce dengan metode pembayaran Cash On Delivery (COD) tidak jarang menemukan kendala-kendala seperti kurir mendapatkan perlakuan kurang menyenangkan dari konsumen akibat penolakan dari konsumen. Peneliti berkeinginan untuk meneliti bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap kurir transaksi E-Commerce pada sistem Cash On Delivery. Penulis juga berniat menganalisis apakah ada hambatan sekaligus solusi penerapan perlindungan hokum terhadap kurir.Dalam penelitian ini pendekatan yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis empiris, Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, kedudukan kurir dalam sistem pembayaran COD sebagai orang yang menggantikan perusahaan jasa pengiriman barang dalam menjalankan kuasa yang diberikan oleh penjual kepadanya dalam hal pengiriman barang kepada pembeli. Terhadap kerugian yang dialami oleh kurir, wajib digantikan dan dipertanggung jawabkan oleh penjual, jika kurir tidak dibayar oleh konsumen dalam transaksi tersebut maka kurir tidak dibayar oleh perusahaan dan tidak diberikan bonus apabila dalam satu hari kurir tidak bisa memenuhi target pengiriman barang tersebut, Perbuatan pembeli yang menolak membayar barang yang telah diterima dapat dikategorikan sebagai bentuk wanprestasi dan dapat di tuntut ganti rugi atau pembatalan pembelian, Pembatalan Sepihak Transaksi dari Konsumen Kepada Kurir yang mengakibatkan kerugian, Adanya pembeli yang menolak untuk membayar barang yang dipesannya dalam system Cash On Delivery dan adanya pengancaman dengan kekerasan oleh pembeli kepada kurir, merupakan beberapa faktor penghambat perlindungan hukum bagi kurir. Pengaturan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Perbuatan Tidak Menyenangkan Oleh Customer Bagi Kurir COD yaitu pasal 335 KUHPidana, Pasal 368 KUHPidana dan Pasal 369 Ayat 1 KUHPidana.
Legal Implications Due to Default by the Debtor on a Car Loan Agreement with Fiduciary Guarantee Suryandari, Wieke Dewi; Tohari, Mohamad
JURNAL AKTA Vol 11, No 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v11i1.35907

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze: 1) The legal position of the strength of a car loan agreement with a fiduciary guarantee for creditors and debtors at Bank Central Asia Semarang City 2) The juridical implications of default by the debtor on a car loan agreement with a fiduciary guarantee at Bank Central Asia Semarang city. The approach method used in discussing this research problem is a sociological juridical approach. The research specification used is descriptive analytical research. This type of data uses primary and secondary data. The data analysis method used in this research is qualitative data analysis. The results of the study concluded: 1) The legal position of the strength of the car loan agreement with fiduciary guarantees for creditors and debtors at Bank Central Asia Semarang City is included in the construction of an anonymous agreement (Innominaat), as far as the contents of the agreement have met the legal requirements of the agreement as stipulated in 1320 the Civil Code, the agreement has full binding power. This is based on the provisions in Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code which states that an agreement made legally applies as the law that made it, the BCA Finance consumer financing agreement is in accordance with Presidential Regulation no. 9 of 2009 concerning Financing Institutions. The imposition of collateral in the car purchase agreement at BCA Finance uses a fiduciary guarantee as regulated in Act No. 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees, namely in the form of transferring the ownership rights to the car or the Motor Vehicle Ownership Book (BPKB) from the debtor to a consumer finance company. 2) The juridical implication due to default by the debtor on a car loan agreement with a fiduciary guarantee at Bank Central Asia Semarang City is that the creditor does not get the fulfillment of his rights that should be obtained by the existence of the agreement. When the debtor defaults, the thing that will be done by the creditor to get the debt repaid is to sell the object that is guaranteed by the debtor. Another legal consequence of this default is that the Customer may be subject to Article 372 of the Criminal Code regarding embezzlement with a criminal offense imprisonment for a maximum of four years, then Article 36 of Act No. 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees carries a maximum penalty of 2 years.
The Settlement of Bad Loans and Executions on Warranty Bound in the Concept of Customer Protection Tohari, Mohamad; Dewi Suryandari, Wieke
JURNAL AKTA Vol 11, No 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v11i1.35908

Abstract

This study aims to determine and analyze 1) How is the settlement of bad loans on guarantees tied to mortgages? PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, 2) How is the execution of Mortgage carried out at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk and. This research method uses approach empirical juridical, namely seeing the workings of law in society. The data used are primary data, namely data obtained directly from the field by conducting interviews, as well as secondary data in the form of library research. The data analysis used is a qualitative analysis which draws conclusions deductivelyf. The results of this study indicate that1) The stages carried out by PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk to resolve non-performing loans according to Bank Mandiri Credit Policy (KPBM) as outlined in the Standard Operating Procedures for Credit Collection and Recovery (SOP CCR), by dividing it into 3 (three) stages, namely: the peaceful settlement stage, the coaching stage, and the credit rescue stage. 2) Execution of mortgage right inPT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk experienced several obstacles that arise, so that in practice the applicable regulations have not been effective, this is due to there is non-compliance with a rule, namely Article 11 paragraph (2) letter (j) Act No. 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights on Land and Objects Related By Land (UUHT) that is the promise that the grantor of the Mortgage will vacate the object of the Mortgage at the time of execution of the Mortgage.