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All Journal Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Reaktor Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal Elkawnie Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology Agroindustrial Technology Journal Journal of Applied Food Technology MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer Jurnal Teknik Kimia Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Jurnal Hasi Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmiah Eksakta - JPPIE Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan al Kimiya : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Emitor: Jurnal Teknik Elektro Jurnal Rekayasa Proses
Ilham Mufandi
Department Of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty Of Science And Technology, Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Veterinary Other

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Kemampuan cangkang telur sebagai adsorben untuk meningkatkan baku mutu air limbah laundry (air deterjen) Siti Salamah; Ilham Mufandi; Arida Ayu Krismawati; Saniyah Humairrah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 29 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Teknik Kimia
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36706/jtk.v29i1.1294

Abstract

Limbah laundry banyak mengandung zat surfactant yang dihasilkan dari sabun, detergen dan zat kimia lain. limbah laundry perlu dilakukan penanganan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan untuk mengurangi kadar surfactant. Salah satu teknologi yang efektif digunakan adalah proses adsorpsi. Fokus penelitian ini adalah menguji kemampuan adsorben yang diperoleh dari cangkang telur untuk meningkatkan mutu baku air limbah laundry (air deterjen). Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah membuat karbon aktif dari cangkang telur sebagai adsorben dengan mencuci bersih cangkang telur kemudian dikeringkan dalam oven selama 1 jam pada suhu 110 °C. Cangkang telur kemudian dihaluskan dan dimasukan kedalam furnace dalam waktu 2 jam pada suhu 600 °C. Karbon aktif diaktivasi menggunakan H3PO4 4N. Tahapan akhir adalah melakukan uji karakteristik meliputi luas permukaan spesifik, volume pori, dan diameter pori. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa adsorben memiliki luas permukaan spesifik 11,037 m2/g, diameter pori 6,550 nm dan volume pori 0,049 cc/g. Limbah laundry yang telah diadsorpsi menggunakan variabel berat dan waktu menghasilkan limbah laundry dengan penurunan kadar TDS) sebesar 7,79 %, TSS sebesar 67,82 %, COD sebesar 59,69 %, BOD sebesar 44,16 %, deterjen sebesar 84,6 %. Pengujian mutu baku air laundry dan kemampuan daya serap adsorben telah dijelaskan pada penelitian ini.
The Effectiveness of Activated Charcoal from Coconut Shell as The Adsorbent of Water Purification in The Laboratory Process of Chemical Engineering Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta Siti Jamilatun; Ilham Mufandi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): October 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1026.02 KB) | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v4i2.151

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas arang aktif dari tempurung kelapa untuk pemurnian air di Laboratorium Proses Teknik Kimia, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahapan: Tahapan pertama, menganalisis kandungan air Laboratorium Teknik Kimia UAD, Tahapan kedua, pengujian efektivitas arang aktif untuk penjernihan air dengan dua (2) cara: (1) filter kolom arang aktif dan (2) pencampuran arang aktif dan air sampel, kemudian dilakukan pengadukan. Tahapan ketiga, menganalisa hasil pemurnian air seperti analisis pH, kadar logam, kesadahan (hardness), kadar sulfat (SO4), kadar fluoride, dan mineral. Parameter pemurnian air merujuk pada Clean Water Quality Standards Kementrian Kesehatan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pemurnian air menggunakan metode kolom filter dapat mengurangi kesadahan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) hingga 15,33%, kadar asam sulfat (SO4) hingga 98,21%, kadar Flourida (F) hingga 93,35% pada ketebalan kolom arang aktif 15 cm. Sedangkan pemurnian air dengan pencampuran arang aktif dan pengadukan selama 30 menit dengan kecepatan 1000 rpm dapat mengurangi tingkat kekesadahan CaCO3 hingga 26,81%, kadar asam sulfat (SO4) hingga 98,23%, dan fluorida (F) hingga 93,35%. Pemurnian air melalui pencampuran arang aktif dan air dengan pengadukan lebih baik daripada penggunaan kolom arang aktif, karena klorida, bahan organik, nitrit, nitrat, Fe, Mn, CN- tidak ditemukan dalam air setelah pemurnian. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of activated charcoal from coconut shells for water purification at the Chemical Engineering Process Laboratory, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta. The first stage, analyzing the water content of the UAD Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Second, testing the effectiveness of activated charcoal for water purification in two (2) ways: (1) activated charcoal column filter and (2 ) mixing the activated charcoal and water samples, then stirring. The third, analyzing the results of water purification such as analysis of pH, metal content, hardness (hardness), sulfate levels (SO4), fluoride levels, and minerals. Water purification parameters refer to the Ministry of Health's Clean Water Quality Standards. The results optimum obtained using the column filter in thickness activated charcoal column 15 cm could reduce hardness (CaCO3) by 15.33%, sulfuric acid (SO4) levels up to 98.21%, Fluoride (F) levels up to 93.35%. While by mixing activated charcoal (15 gram) and water (500 ml) with stirring for 30 minutes at a speed of 1000 rpm could reduce hardness levels by 26.81%, sulfuric acid (SO4) levels up to 98.23%, and fluoride (F) up to 93.35%. Purification of water through the mixing of activated charcoal and water with stirring is better than using an activated charcoal column because it is better than the chloride, organic matter, nitrite, nitrate, Fe, Mn, CN- are not found in the water after purification.
Analisis Termogravimetri dan Dekomposisi Termal pada Produksi Bio-Oil dari Daun Tebu Menggunakan Proses Pirolisis Cepat Ilham Mufandi; Ratchaphon Suntivarakorn; Wasakorn Treedet; Piyapong Singbua
Eksergi Vol 20, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v20i2.9849

Abstract

Sugarcane leaves are one of the agro-industrial wastes derived from sugarcane plants. In this research, sugarcane leaves are used as raw material for pyrolysis which produces three main products: liquid, solid, and gas. The focus of this research is to identify the effect of temperature on pyrolysis, identify mass changes, identify decomposition, and identify the chemical composition of bio-oil. The pyrolysis was carried out using a Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFBr) reactor with pyrolysis temperature variations from 440oC to 520oC. Analysis of pyrolysis characteristics of sugarcane leaves are used thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), DTA, and GC-MS analysis. The results showed that the operating temperature had a significant effect on the pyrolysis process. The highest bio-oil found at 480oC, namely 34.33%. TGA results show that the decomposition process of sugarcane leaves is divided into 3 stages: 1) dehydration of water content occurs at <200oC, 2) active pyrolysis occurs from 200oC to 380oC, and 3) passive pyrolysis occurs at temperature from 380oC to 500oC. DTA results show that the thermal changes are affected by the pyrolysis heating rate. The highest bio-oil compounds are β-D-Glucopyranose 1,6-anhydro, acetic acid, and 2-Propanone 1-hydroxy-. This research proves that temperature has an important role in the pyrolysis process.
Effectiveness Of Activated Carbon From Coconut Shell Through Potassium Hydroxide Ilham Mufandi; Siti Jamilatun; Dwi Astri Ayu Purnama; Riska Utami Melani Putri
al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Vol 7, No 2 (2020): al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ak.v7i2.7956

Abstract

The aim of this work is to synthesis of activated carbon from pyrolysis of coconut shell through 2 N potassium hydroxide (KOH). Carbon can be produced from material through heating at high temperatures with a porous solid containing 85%-95%. During the heating process, the carbon is only carbonized, and without oxidized in the heating chamber to avoid air leakage. Activated carbon can be used as an adsorbent. The absorption capacity of activated carbon is determined by the surface area of the particles. The absorption ability of activated carbon can be improved through an activation with chemicals such as KOH. Carbon will change in physical and chemical properties. This research used the pyrolysis process at an operating temperature of 550 °C. There were three stages of active carbon production by activating KOH, namely 1) immersion of coconut shell through 2 N KOH with a variable time of 5 days, 2) drying process of coconut shell in sunlight, 3) the burning process of dry coconut shell with the temperature of 500°C, and 4) the KOH activation process by reabsorbing activated carbon using KOH and drying in the sun. The results indicated that the water content of activated carbon was affected by drying time. The testing of the activated carbon water content shows that the quality of activated carbon meets Indonesian Standards (SNI, 1995), which is less than 15%. According to Indonesian Industrial Standard (SII) No.0258-79, the ash content of activated carbon is 2.5%, While the result in this study is exceeded 2.5%.
Evaluation of Chicken Bone-Derived CaO Catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil Mufandi, Ilham; Kholis, Muhammad Nur; Rahmawan, Arief; Suntivarakorn, Ratchaphon; Nugraha, Dhaifullah Nafis; Alana P, Raka Wyztyo
Eksergi Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v21i2.12254

Abstract

This research explores the use of waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel and adding a calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst derived from chicken bone waste. The synthesized CaO catalyst was characterized using FTIR and SEM to determine its structural and chemical properties. Biodiesel production experiments were carried out at a temperature of 60°C with an oil-to-methanol ratio of 9:1 and a CaO catalyst load of 5% concentration. The biodiesel produced is characterized by its main quality parameters, including flash point, density, acid number, viscosity, and heating value. The research results show that the CaO catalyst contains various organic compounds, including haloalkanes, 1,2-disubstituted functional groups, primary alcohols, aromatic compounds, and alcohols. In addition, the CaO catalyst contains mineral compositions such as calcium, carbon, oxygen, sodium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Biodiesel yield increases significantly with increasing catalyst loading, reaching a maximum of 92.70% at 15% catalyst loading. This research shows the effectiveness of the CaO catalyst derived from chicken bone waste for environmentally friendly biodiesel production using microwave technology.
Biochar from slow catalytic pyrolysis of spirulina platensis residue: Effects of temperature and silica-alumina catalyst on yield and characteristics Siti Jamilatun; Ilham Mufandi; Arief Budiman; Suhendra
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14 No 2 (2020): Volume 14, Number 2, 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Rekayasa Proses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.56221

Abstract

The use of biochar varies on its ability as an adsorbent which adsorbs liquid or gas molecules. Biochar from Spirulina platensis residue (SPR) as an energy source, as its richness in nutrients, can be used as fertilizer and maintain water resources in plantations. Biochar can be used as an intermediary for the synthesis of nanotubes, activated carbon, carbon black, and carbon fiber. One of the essential things to be considered in the application of activated carbon from SPR is char’s characteristics. This study aimed to obtain data on the biochar and components from the pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis residue. The study was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor with electric heaters with a variety of temperatures (300-700 ⁰C) and the amount of silica-alumina catalyst (0-20%). The biochar weight was obtained by weighing the char formed at the end of the pyrolysis. The char characteristics were obtained by the surface area, total pore volume, and pore size analysis. Based on the study results, the relationship between temperature and the amount of catalyst on the characteristics of biochar was studied. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the less biochar. Also, the use of catalysts can reduce the amount of biochar. The higher the temperature, the higher the surface area and the total pore volume while the pore radius was reduced. The optimum condition for maximum biochar yield in non-catalytic pyrolysis at a temperature of 300 ⁰C was 49.86 wt.%. The surface area, the total pore volume, and the pore radius at 700 ⁰C catalytic pyrolysis with 5% silica-alumina was obtained as 36.91 m2/g, 0.052 cm3/g, and 2.68 nm, respectively.
Modification of The Synthesis of Silica from Litter Ori Bambusa (Bambusa blumeana) Leaves Using Sodium and Potassium With The Hydrothermal Sol-Gel Method As Agricultural Fertilizer Mahmudah Hamawi; Niken Trisnaningrum; Ilham Mufandi
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 7 No. 3 (2023): Agroindustrial Technology Journal
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/atj.v7i3.10666

Abstract

Bamboo plants in Indonesia are familiar plants and have not been utilized optimally. Most people only use the stems for daily needs and a small part for industry, while the leaves are left as waste. Bamboo leaves have a fairly high silica content. Bamboo leaves that have fallen and are scattered on the ground (bamboo leaf litter) are a potential source of natural silica. Silica fertilizer in agriculture is still very necessary, especially in nanosized. Through silica extraction from bamboo leaf litter, it is hoped that it will be able to meet agricultural silica needs and reduce bamboo leaf waste. The aim of this research is to modify the synthesis of silica from ori bamboo leaf litter (Bambusa blumeana) by extracting NaOH and KOH using the hydrothermal sol-gel method to produce nano silica. Nano silica production uses the hydrothermal method because it does not require large costs, is more effective, and has a high level of purity. Synthesis of original bamboo leaf litter silica using the hydrothermal sol-gel method. Bamboo leaf litter ash was analyzed using the XRF test, and silica was analyzed using the SEM-EDX mapping test to determine its morphology and content. The research results showed that synthesis with sodium produced higher levels of bamboo leaf silica compared to potassium. The size of the silica particles obtained is still in the form of micrometers (47–52 µm). Bamboo plants in Indonesia are familiar plants and have not been utilized optimally. Most people only use the stems for daily needs and a small part for industry, while the leaves are left as waste. Bamboo leaves have a fairly high silica content. Bamboo leaves that have fallen and are scattered on the ground (bamboo leaf litter) are a potential source of natural silica. Silica fertilizer in agriculture is still very necessary, especially in nanosized. Through silica extraction from bamboo leaf litter, it is hoped that it will be able to meet agricultural silica needs and reduce bamboo leaf waste. The aim of this research is to modify the synthesis of silica from ori bamboo leaf litter (Bambusa blumeana) by extracting NaOH and KOH using the hydrothermal sol-gel method to produce nano silica. Nano silica production uses the hydrothermal method because it does not require large costs, is more effective, and has a high level of purity. Synthesis of original bamboo leaf litter silica using the hydrothermal sol-gel method. Bamboo leaf litter ash was analyzed using the XRF test, and silica was analyzed using the SEM-EDX mapping test to determine its morphology and content. The research results showed that synthesis with sodium produced higher levels of bamboo leaf silica compared to potassium. The size of the silica particles obtained is still in the form of micrometers (47–52 µm).
The Potential of Coffee and Cocoa Shell Waste as An Energy Source: Analysis of Characteristics of Briquettes From Coffee and Cocoa Shell Waste Through The Carbonization Process kresna mulya santosa; Hendy Firmanto; Ilham Mufandi
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 7 No. 3 (2023): Agroindustrial Technology Journal
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/atj.v7i3.11245

Abstract

This research aims to compare the characteristics of briquettes as an energy source produced from coffee shell waste and cocoa waste. The briquette-making process involves carbonization to produce charcoal as the primary raw material for briquettes. Carbonization time varies, influenced by the type of waste and size of the material. After that, the charcoal is reduced and sifted into fine and coarse powder. Briquette molding uses pressure using a pipe as a mold. The characteristics of briquettes are analyzed through water content, density, burning rate, and ash content. The research results show differences in characteristics between coffee and cocoa waste. The carbonization process affects the time and mass difference of raw materials. Cocoa pod shells require the longest (±35 minutes), while cocoa bean shells require the shortest (±17 minutes). Next, making briquettes involves molding and pressing using a pipe as a mold. The results showed that waste cocoa pod shells and cocoa bean shells produced more briquettes than waste coffee pod shells and coffee bean shells. The moisture content of briquettes from all types of waste meets the standards, but the density of the raw material for coffee husk waste is low, while the briquettes have a high density. The burning rate of briquettes varies, with cocoa bean shell briquettes having the fastest burning rate and producing much smoke. The ash content of cocoa pod husk briquettes exceeds the standard, while cocoa bean husk briquettes have low ash content. The density of the raw material is correlated with the moisture content of the briquettes. The highest burning rate occurs in cocoa bean shell briquettes, influenced by low density and high water content. The ash content of the briquettes meets standards, except for cocoa shell briquettes. This research proves that cocoa and coffee shell waste can be processed into briquettes with different characteristics.
Pengaruh Lama Waktu Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Terhadap Rendemen Gelatin Dari Ceker Ayam Kholis, Muhammad Nur; Mufandi, Ilham; Pratama, Yogi
Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmiah Eksakta Vol 4 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Hasi Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmiah Eksakta - JPPIE
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Dharma Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47233/jppie.v4i1.1738

Abstract

Gelatin is a collagen-derived product widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The extraction of gelatin from chicken bones requires efficient methods to increase yield and reduce energy consumption. One of the effective methods is Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). This study aims to evaluate the effect of extraction time on gelatin yield and calculate the mass balance in the extraction process by MAE method. The research was conducted with variations in extraction time of 2, 3, and 4 hours. The results showed that the gelatin yield at extraction times of 2, 3, and 4 hours were 8.5%, 10.2%, and 12.1%, respectively. ANOVA test with a significance level of 0.05 showed a significant difference (p < 0.05), indicating that extraction time affects the yield. Mass balance was calculated to evaluate the efficiency and mass distribution at each extraction stage. The results showed that longer extraction time increased the yield, with 4 hours yielding the highest yield. This study concludes that MAE increases gelatin yield, but needs further optimization in terms of time and energy efficiency.
Synthesis and Optimization of Snake Fruit Peel Ash-Derived Silica for Iron (Fe) Removal from Batik Wastewater Salamah, Siti; Mufandi, Ilham; Jumiati, Jumiati; Fadhilah, Ainun
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol 23, No 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jil.23.1.54-61

Abstract

The byproduct of the batik industry is a liquid waste containing heavy metals like iron (Fe) which can be harmful to the environment and aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study is to synthesize and optimize silica derived from snake fruit peel ash as an adsorbent for iron (Fe) in the liquid waste of the batik industry. Snake fruit peel is often overlooked as waste and is identified to have a high silica content. The research method was carried out in the calcination process at a temperature of 650°C for 1 hour to convert and change the snake fruit peel powder into ash, then extracted using a 2M HCl solution. The final stage of silica synthesis is drying and grinding. The Silica characterization was analyzed using the FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) tests.  The metal content in the waste was analyzed with AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometer). The results showed that the silica from snake fruit peel ash contains silica constituent groups, namely silanol (Si-OH), as an active site for the adsorption process. The surface area of the silica is around 56.347 m2/g, the total pore volume is about 0.0193 cc/g, and the average pore diameter is approximately 26.6745 mm. The application test on batik liquid waste showed a decrease in Fe concentration from 0.487 mg/L to 0.343 mg/L at contact time of 60 minutes. This research proves that silica from snake fruit peel ash offers an innovative and sustainable solution for the treatment of batik industry liquid waste and in other liquid waste processing.
Co-Authors Agung Dwicahyo Agus Aktawan, Agus Agustin Rani Nurfadila Ainun Fadhilah Alana P, Raka Wyztyo Alfian Ma’arif Anton Yudhana Ardani, Much Taufik Ardani, Much. Taufik Arida Ayu Krismawati Arief Budiman Arief Budiman Arief Budiman Arief Rahmawan Arpan Efendi Astari Ratnaduhita Aziz Musthafa Budi Setianto, Arif Cahya Subrata, Arsyad Choiroel Anam Defiani Putri Denanti Dhias Cahya Hakika Dian Afif Arifah Dwi Astri Ayu Purnama Dzilhilmi, Ubaid Eva Nurdiana Putri Faisal Reza Pradhana Hamawi, Mahmudah Hendy Firmanto Isti Nur Azizah Jendri Joko Pitoyo Jumiati Jumiati Khairul Munzilin Al Kahfi kresna mulya santosa Kusuma, Hafidha Ayu Lutfiatul Janah Martomo Setyawan Mega Reski4, Julia Muhammad Nur Kholis Muhammad Nur Kholis Muhammad Nur Kholis, Muhammad Nur Nabila Fauzi Nugraha, Dhaifullah Nafis P. Singbua Piyapong Singbua Pratama, Yogi R. Suntivarakorn Ramadhani, Muhammad Ratchaphon Suntivarakorn Rifka Alfiyani Riska Utami Melani Putri Saniyah Humairrah Shinta Amelia Siti Jamilatun Siti Jamilatun Siti Nurhalizatul Aini Siti Salamah Siti Salamah Soedjatmiko Suhendra Suhendra Suhendra Sumirat, Riska Suntivarakorn, Ratchaphon Tho’at, Salman Mujahidillah Trisnaningrum, Niken W. Treedet Wasakorn Treedet Yeni Elisthatiana Zahrul Mufrodi, Zahrul Zulia Arifah