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Moral Legitimacy and Joint Purpose: A Literature Review on the Ethical Foundations of Collaborative Organizations Grace Yulianti; Dadang Irawan
International Journal of Business Law, Business Ethic, Business Comunication & Green Economics Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): March: International Journal of Business Law, Business Ethic, Business Communic
Publisher : LPPM STIE Kasih Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70142/ijbge.v3i1.425

Abstract

This qualitative literature review explores the ethical foundations of collaborative organizations by examining the interplay between moral legitimacy and joint purpose. Drawing from recent scholarship in organizational ethics, stakeholder theory, and virtue ethics, the review highlights how organizations achieve moral legitimacy through shared values, inclusive governance, and ethically anchored missions. Joint purpose emerges as a unifying force that fosters trust, identity, and stakeholder commitment across complex collaborations. The synthesis reveals that organizations sustaining both moral legitimacy and joint purpose are more adaptive, ethically resilient, and capable of creating long-term value. The review also identifies theoretical gaps and suggests directions for future research on moral agency and collective value creation within hybrid organizational forms
The Role of Litigation Risk in Shaping Valuation Techniques in Mergers and Acquisitions: A Qualitative Synthesis Dadang Irawan; Chandra, Willy
International Journal of Business, Marketing, Economics & Leadership (IJBMEL) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): May: International Journal of Business, Marketing, Economics & Leadership (IJBM
Publisher : LPPM STIE Kasih Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70142/ijbmel.v3i2.432

Abstract

This study explores how litigation risk influences valuation techniques in mergers and acquisitions (M&A), focusing on discounted cash flow (DCF) models and peer comparables. Through a qualitative synthesis of recent literature, it finds that legal exposure significantly alters valuation strategies—particularly in fairness opinions—prompting conservative estimates to mitigate shareholder lawsuits and regulatory scrutiny. The analysis reveals that litigation risk can distort valuation objectivity, reduce deal premiums, and shift the role of valuation from economic justification to legal protection. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the intersection between legal risk and financial valuation in corporate transactions