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Environmental Genocide and the Urgency to Criminalize Ecocide in Modern Criminal Law Reform Zico Junius Fernando; Firdaus Arifin; Muhamad Adystia Sunggara; Chairul Huda; Fardana Kusumah
Administrative and Environtmental Law Review Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/aelr.v7i1.5010

Abstract

Environmental genocide refers to systematic ecological destruction that threatens the survival, identity, and dignity of particular communities, especially Indigenous and marginalized groups. This article argues that ecocide should be constructed as the legal offense capable of responding to such destruction within modern criminal law. Using a descriptive-prescriptive normative legal method, this study applies statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to examine the limits of existing environmental criminal law and to formulate a more precise model for criminalizing ecocide. The comparison focuses on the European Union, France, Ecuador, and Bolivia by assessing four variables: the definition of ecological harm, the threshold of severity, corporate and state accountability, and enforcement mechanisms. The study finds that Indonesian environmental law already recognizes serious environmental crimes and corporate liability, but it remains oriented toward pollution, administrative violation, and damage-based liability rather than systematic ecological destruction with cultural, intergenerational, and community-based consequences. This article proposes that ecocide be formulated as a distinct offense based on four core elements: unlawful or wanton conduct; severe, widespread, or long-term ecological damage; knowledge or intent regarding the risk of such damage; and aggravated liability where the destruction affects vulnerable communities or Indigenous peoples. The article contributes a doctrinal model for integrating ecocide into Indonesian criminal law reform through amendment of environmental legislation or the creation of a lex specialis on serious ecological crimes.
Criminal Liability For Algorithmic Manipulation in The Dissemination of Information in The Digital Era Hartomi; Muhamad Adystia Sunggara; Wijayono Hadi Sukrisno
KRTHA BHAYANGKARA Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): KRTHA BHAYANGKARA: AUGUST 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31599/krtha.v20i2.5544

Abstract

The development of digital technology has encouraged the emergence of algorithmic manipulation as a new form of cybercrime that has a significant impact on the integrity of digital public spaces. Practices such as bot army, astroturfing, and algorithmic amplification show that algorithms are no longer just tools, but play an active role in expanding the impact of an action. The main problem of this study is related to the unclear construction of the subject of criminal law and the limits of liability in the context of criminal acts mediated by algorithmic systems. This study aims to analyze the construction of subject and criminal law accountability to algorithmic manipulation according to Indonesian positive law and formulate a more adaptive criminal liability model. The method used is normative legal research with legislative, conceptual, and comparative legal approaches. The results of the study show that the Criminal Code and the ITE Law have not been able to accommodate the complexity of the agency chain in the algorithmic system, thus creating an accountability gap. To address this, the study proposes a "risk-based layered liability" model that integrates fault, risk, and liability based liability. This model allows for a proportionate distribution of responsibilities between developers, platform operators, and users. The implementation of this model requires a reformulation of norms in the ITE Law, strengthening the capacity of law enforcement officials, and establishing a structured algorithmic supervision mechanism.
Analisis Penerapan Sanksi Administrasi Terhadap Kepatuhan Usaha Bidang Perikanan Muhammad Afif; Muhamad Adystia Sunggara
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i1.11797

Abstract

This research aims to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of administrative sanctions on the compliance level of fishery business actors in the Fishery Management Area (WPP) 711 and its socio-economic impacts. The background of the research is based on the high level of administrative violations, weak supervision, and economic losses due to non-compliant fishing practices. The urgency of this research lies in the pressing need to formulate a fair, efficient, and sustainable monitoring strategy to support national fisheries governance. The method used is a socio-legal approach with primary data. The research results indicate that the compliance level is still low, with a repeat violation rate reaching 38%, influenced by high cost burdens, procedural complexity, and low understanding of regulations. The novelty of this research lies in the empirical identification of structural barriers, such as overlapping authorities and an inadequate supervisor-to-operator ratio, as well as the impact of sanctions on business efficiency and operator adaptation. In conclusion, administrative sanctions have not fully created a deterrent effect and require a more integrated approach. The main recommendations include simplifying technology-based procedures, drafting proportional sanction SOPs, enhancing the capacity of supervisory human resources, and establishing an integrated information system to support effective, fair, and socially-economic sustainable coastal community oversight.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas penerapan sanksi administrasi terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pelaku usaha perikanan di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan (WPP) 711 serta dampak sosial-ekonominya. Latar belakang penelitian didasarkan pada tingginya tingkat pelanggaran administratif, lemahnya pengawasan, serta kerugian ekonomi akibat praktik perikanan yang tidak sesuai aturan. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan mendesak untuk merumuskan strategi pengawasan yang adil, efisien, dan berkelanjutan guna mendukung tata kelola perikanan nasional. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan socio-legal dengan pengumpulan data primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepatuhan masih rendah dengan angka pelanggaran berulang mencapai 38%, dipengaruhi oleh tingginya beban biaya, kompleksitas prosedur, dan rendahnya pemahaman terhadap regulasi. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini terletak pada identifikasi empiris hambatan struktural, seperti tumpang tindih kewenangan dan rasio pengawas yang tidak ideal, serta pengaruh sanksi terhadap efisiensi usaha dan adaptasi pelaku. Kesimpulannya, sanksi administrasi belum sepenuhnya menciptakan efek jera dan membutuhkan pendekatan yang lebih terintegrasi. Rekomendasi utama mencakup penyederhanaan prosedur berbasis teknologi, penyusunan SOP sanksi proporsional, peningkatan kapasitas SDM pengawas, dan pembentukan sistem informasi terpadu untuk mendukung pengawasan yang efektif, adil, dan berorientasi pada keberlanjutan sosial-ekonomi masyarakat pesisir.