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Legal Protection Against Child Sexual Exploitation Through Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Technology Riri Rianza; Suriadi Sirait; Gusron Gusron; Muhamad Adystia Sunggara; Syafri Hariansah
Mahkamah : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Juli : Mahkamah : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/mahkamah.v2i3.1542

Abstract

This research examines legal protection against child sexual exploitation through Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies, which are increasingly developing in the digital era. AR combines virtual elements with the real world, while VR creates a fully immersive environment. Both offer positive opportunities and serious risks, including new crime modes such as the creation of avatars or virtual models of children for sexual purposes, grooming in virtual spaces, and the distribution of immersive child pornography. Anonymity, the difficulty of age verification, the lack of digital literacy, and the forensic challenges of 3D content are significant obstacles to law enforcement. Existing regulations, including Law No. 17 of 2016 concerning Child Protection, Law No. 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to the ITE Law, and Law No. 12 of 2022 concerning the TPKS, have provided a strong legal basis, but do not specifically regulate AR/VR technology. A normative juridical research method with a statutory and conceptual approach is used to analyze existing norms, regulatory gaps, and their relevance to international standards such as the Budapest Convention and the Lanzarote Convention. The research findings emphasize the urgency of adaptive regulatory updates to technological developments, the implementation of cybersecurity standards, mandatory age verification, and strengthening the capacity of law enforcement officers in digital investigations and AR/VR forensics. Cross-border and cross-sector collaboration is needed to expedite notice and takedown mechanisms and close legal loopholes exploited by perpetrators. These efforts are expected to create a safe digital environment for children and increase the effectiveness of legal protection in the realm of immersive technology.
Effectiveness of Chemical Castration Sanctions and the Principle of Non-Discrimination: A Human Rights, Islamic Law, and SDGs Perspective Muhamad Adystia Sunggara; Selcuk Koca
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 26 No. 03 (2025): Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v26i03.13627

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to analyze the application of chemical castration sanctions and the principle of non-discrimination from the perspective of criminal law and human rights in Indonesia, as well as to review these policies from the perspective of Islamic law (maqasid al-shariah) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of this research uses the concept of the rule of law, the principles of criminal law and human rights, the concept of maqasid al-shariah in Islamic law, and the perspective of SDGs related to justice, health, and the reduction of inequality. Literature review: A literature review analyzes various laws and regulations, court decisions, and academic studies related to the application of chemical castration sanctions as a legal phenomenon. Methods: The research uses normative juridical methods with a literature study approach through the analysis of laws and regulations, court decisions, legal journals, and law enforcement reports. Results: The results of the study show that the effectiveness of chemical castration sanctions is still in doubt and has the potential to contradict the principle of non-discrimination in the 1945 Constitution, ICCPR, and other international human rights instruments. Implications: Chemical castration policies create a dilemma between the protection of communities from sexual crimes and the protection of the human rights of perpetrators, as well as the debate from an Islamic perspective of Islam and the SDGs related to health, justice, and welfare. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in the integrative analysis of chemical castration sanctions from the perspective of criminal law, human rights, Islamic law (maqasid al-shariah), and SDGs.
LEGAL BASIS OF ACQUITTAL IN BANKING CREDIT CORRUPTION: PANGKALPINANG DISTRICT COURT CASE Agustiani; Muhamad Adystia Sunggara
Awang Long Law Review Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Awang Long Law Review
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/awl.v8i3.2071

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the legal considerations of the Panel of Judges in acquitting the defendant, Ardian Hendri Prasetyo, in a corruption case involving bank credit distribution at Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) Pangkalpinang Branch. It also examines the consistency of the verdict with the principles of criminal law and the anti-corruption legal framework in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method with a case study approach and court decision analysis. The data were obtained through literature review and official court documents. The findings indicate that the Panel of Judges found the elements of corruption, particularly abuse of authority and state financial loss, not legally and convincingly proven. The acquittal also reflects the application of the in dubio pro reo principle and procedural criminal law. This study contributes to a better understanding of evidentiary law in banking corruption cases and highlights the importance of accurate legal interpretation of criminal elements.