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All Journal Awang Long Law Review Proceeding of World Conference Solusi KRTHA BHAYANGKARA JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) Administrative and Environmental Law Review International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities Mahkamah: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Legalitas Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum
Muhamad Adystia Sunggara
Universitas Pertiba
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Social Sciences Other

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Transnational Environmental Crime in the Context of International Criminal Law and Victim-Centered Environmental Justice Zico Junius Fernando; Firdaus Arifin; Muhamad Adystia Sunggara; Fardana Kusumah
Lampung Journal of International Law Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v7i1.4338

Abstract

Transnational environmental crimes are among the most complex and destructive forms of cross-border criminality, including wildlife trafficking, illegal trade of endangered species, transboundary pollution, and unlawful exploitation of natural resources by state and non-state actors. These offenses have yet to gain explicit recognition as core international crimes, despite their severe impacts on ecosystems, geopolitical stability, and local communities. This article examines the urgent need to incorporate transnational environmental crimes into international criminal law and emphasizes a victim-centered environmental justice approach to restore the rights and sustainability of affected communities. Using normative and comparative legal analysis, it advocates recognizing ecocide and cross-border environmental offenses as serious violations of ecological justice and human rights. The study further explores how victim protection frameworks can extend to Indigenous communities, future generations, and non-human entities, offering guidance for Indonesia in building a more responsive, transnational, and victim-oriented environmental criminal justice system.
Environmental Genocide and the Urgency to Criminalize Ecocide in Modern Criminal Law Reform Zico Junius Fernando; Firdaus Arifin; Muhamad Adystia Sunggara; Chairul Huda; Fardana Kusumah
Administrative and Environtmental Law Review Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/aelr.v7i1.5010

Abstract

Environmental genocide refers to systematic ecological destruction that threatens the survival, identity, and dignity of particular communities, especially Indigenous and marginalized groups. This article argues that ecocide should be constructed as the legal offense capable of responding to such destruction within modern criminal law. Using a descriptive-prescriptive normative legal method, this study applies statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to examine the limits of existing environmental criminal law and to formulate a more precise model for criminalizing ecocide. The comparison focuses on the European Union, France, Ecuador, and Bolivia by assessing four variables: the definition of ecological harm, the threshold of severity, corporate and state accountability, and enforcement mechanisms. The study finds that Indonesian environmental law already recognizes serious environmental crimes and corporate liability, but it remains oriented toward pollution, administrative violation, and damage-based liability rather than systematic ecological destruction with cultural, intergenerational, and community-based consequences. This article proposes that ecocide be formulated as a distinct offense based on four core elements: unlawful or wanton conduct; severe, widespread, or long-term ecological damage; knowledge or intent regarding the risk of such damage; and aggravated liability where the destruction affects vulnerable communities or Indigenous peoples. The article contributes a doctrinal model for integrating ecocide into Indonesian criminal law reform through amendment of environmental legislation or the creation of a lex specialis on serious ecological crimes.
Criminal Liability For Algorithmic Manipulation in The Dissemination of Information in The Digital Era Hartomi; Muhamad Adystia Sunggara; Wijayono Hadi Sukrisno
KRTHA BHAYANGKARA Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): KRTHA BHAYANGKARA: AUGUST 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31599/krtha.v20i2.5544

Abstract

The development of digital technology has encouraged the emergence of algorithmic manipulation as a new form of cybercrime that has a significant impact on the integrity of digital public spaces. Practices such as bot army, astroturfing, and algorithmic amplification show that algorithms are no longer just tools, but play an active role in expanding the impact of an action. The main problem of this study is related to the unclear construction of the subject of criminal law and the limits of liability in the context of criminal acts mediated by algorithmic systems. This study aims to analyze the construction of subject and criminal law accountability to algorithmic manipulation according to Indonesian positive law and formulate a more adaptive criminal liability model. The method used is normative legal research with legislative, conceptual, and comparative legal approaches. The results of the study show that the Criminal Code and the ITE Law have not been able to accommodate the complexity of the agency chain in the algorithmic system, thus creating an accountability gap. To address this, the study proposes a "risk-based layered liability" model that integrates fault, risk, and liability based liability. This model allows for a proportionate distribution of responsibilities between developers, platform operators, and users. The implementation of this model requires a reformulation of norms in the ITE Law, strengthening the capacity of law enforcement officials, and establishing a structured algorithmic supervision mechanism.
Co-Authors Agustiani Agusto Imanuel Andrieo Vindhya Praguslinardo Aswadi Chairul Huda, Chairul Enny Agustina Fardana Kusumah Fernando, Zico Junius Firdaus, Arifin Gunawan, Arifin Faqih Gusron Gusron Handes, Agung Dhedy Dwi Hartomi Judijanto, Loso Kiki Kristanto M. Ilham Wira Pratama Mas Putra Zenno Januarsyah Mimi Muhammad Afif Oktaviani Siswati, Ceria Pita Permatasari Putri, Wika Rahmiati Ranti Pawari Riri Rianza Robi Rendra Tribuana Saliman Saliman Selcuk Koca Sri Yuliana Suriadi Sirait Syafri Hariansah Therie Munadi Totok Hendarto Trio Sandra Wijaya Vicko Taniady Wijayono Hadi Sukrisno Yang Meliana Yunita Dwi Yanti Zulkifli, Muhamad Aziz