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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis Indonesian Journal of Health and Medical Education
Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Profile of Gram-Negative Bacteria Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Esbl in The Caecum of Broiler Chickens Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Rosyunita, Rosyunita; Hasbi, Nurmi; Octora, Metta; Rizqullah, Rifqi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10027

Abstract

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a global problem that causes increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. AMR arises from the irrational use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture. This study aims to determine the profile of Gram-negative ESBL bacteria living in the cecum of broiler chickens. This study is a descriptive exploratory study using 5 chicken cecum samples taken from the Pagesangan market in Mataram city. The obtained bacteria were calculated by placing them on Macconkey agar media to count bacterial colonies. The results of this study showed that 20.1% of bacteria in the chicken cecum could grow on Macconkey media mixed with cefotaxime. Meanwhile, on Macconkey media without cefotaxime, 79.9% were obtained. Based on macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics, it was found that the gram-negative bacteria obtained were Escherichia coli. In sensitivity tests, it was found that the bacteria were resistant to tetracycline (100%) and ampicillin (100%), and 25% were resistant to chloramphenicol. The conclusion is that gram-negative bacteria found in the cecum of broiler chickens, such as Escherichia coli, are resistant to several antibiotics. These bacteria are resistant to cefotaxime (20.1%), chloramphenicol (25%), tetracycline (100%), and ampicillin (100%).
Understanding Precocious Puberty: When Childhood Ends Too Soon Muliana, Atriska Citra; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Prasetya, Rangga Cahya; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Athalia, Ihza Namira; Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina; Mertasari, Baiq Merna; Josafat, Gantha Narendra; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; As Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy; Aulia, Rashieka Salma; Ajmala, Indana Eva
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10337

Abstract

Precocious puberty is an endocrine disorder characterized by the premature development of secondary sexual characteristics, defined as occurring before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys. This literature review aims to understand precocious puberty: when childhood ends too soon. The article was compiled using a literature review method. Data were obtained through a search of various scientific sources, including international and national journals, textbooks, and clinical guidelines from the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI). Central precocious puberty, most often idiopathic in girls but associated with underlying pathology in boys, is caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, while the peripheral form is caused by excess sex steroid production independent of gonadotropin stimulation. Clinical manifestations include early breast development, testicular enlargement, rapid linear growth, acne, and the early appearance of pubic or axillary hair. Diagnosis relies on a combination of careful history taking, physical examination, hormonal testing, bone age assessment, and imaging studies such as pelvic ultrasound or cranial MRI when indicated. Management strategies vary based on etiology, with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists being the standard treatment for central precocious puberty, while surgical or medical therapy is used for peripheral causes. In conclusion, precocious puberty is a childhood health issue of increasing concern due to its increasing global incidence. This condition not only impacts accelerated bone maturation and potential short stature in adulthood, but also impacts the child's psychological well-being and causes emotional distress to the family.
Case Study of Bilateral Ureteral Stones Complicated by Acute Kidney Injury in a 52-Year-Old Female Patient Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Muliana, Atriska Citra; Athalia, Ihza Namira; Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina; Sari, Baiq Merna Merta; Aulia, Rashieka Salma; Prasetya, Rangga Cahya; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy As; Josafat, Gantha Narendra
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10344

Abstract

Bilateral ureteral stones are a rare clinical manifestation of renal colic, obstructing urine flow, and can cause severe acute kidney injury (AKI) within hours. This case study aims to provide information regarding the diagnosis and management of bilateral ureteral stones causing acute kidney injury in a 52-year-old female patient. This case study uses a descriptive method to describe the current situation, for further analysis and interpretation. Based on anamnesis and physical examination, the patient was diagnosed with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) stage 3 with a differential diagnosis of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (ACKD) stage 4. This condition is caused by urinary tract obstruction due to bilateral ureterolithiasis (stones in both ureters) and proximal right ureteral stenosis, which inhibits urine flow and worsens kidney function acutely and chronically. Complaints of right and left abdominal pain, as well as a history of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and hypertension, support the formation of stones in the urinary tract. The conclusion is that the patient Wirni/P/52 years old/AKI stage 3 dd ACKD stage 4 dt obstructive uropathy + ureterolithiasis infection + normocytic normochromic anemia dt chronic disease + bilateral ureteral stones + right proximal ureteral stenosis.
Identification of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram Positive Bacteria from Broiler Caecum in The Slaughterhouse of Mataram City Rizqullah, Rifqi; Wardoyo, Eustachius Hagni; Rahim, Adelia Riezka; Rosyunita, Rosyunita; Hasbi, Nurmi; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8466

Abstract

The subtherapeutic use of antibiotics as Antimicrobial Growth Promoters (AGPs) in broilers has accelerated Antimicrobial Drug Resistance (AMR) in gut microbiota, posing a global threat. This study aimed to analyze the population, morphology, catalase test results, and antibiotic sensitivity of erythromycin and vancomycin to cefotaxime-resistant Gram-positive bacteria in the caecum of broilers from Mataram City slaughterhouses. Using exploratory descriptive method, five caecum samples were analyzed by Total Plate Count (TPC) on Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA) media with and without cefotaxime, and incubated on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Results revealed uniform bacterial morphology on MRSA (small, round, convex, entire edge, white, Gram-positive colonies) but varied morphologies on MSA. Catalase tests were negative on MRSA but mixed on MSA. Resistance to erythromycin and vancomycin was 80% on MRSA, while on MSA, erythromycin resistance reached 62.5% with variable vancomycin inhibition zones. The prevalence of cefotaxime-resistant bacteria was 5.24%. This study highlights diverse morphological, catalase, and antibiotic sensitivity profiles in cefotaxime-resistant bacteria, particularly on MSA. These findings underscore the need for stricter antibiotic use regulations and further research to mitigate AMR spread in poultry production.
ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES OF CHOLEDOCHAL CYSTS Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy As; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Fadhila, Luthfiya Nur; Ansary, Muhammad Fathir Rahadian; Mussyafa, Aulia Putri; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Tunairin, Siti Raodatul Jannah; Rifki, Muhammad; Zuhan, Arif
Indonesian Journal of Health and Medical Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Abstract

Choledochal cysts are congenital anomalies characterized by abnormal dilatation of the bile ducts, either intrahepatic or extrahepatic. This condition can lead to serious complications, including cholangitis, pancreatitis, and malignancy. Choledochal cysts are more prevalent in Asian populations compared to Western populations and are more commonly observed in females. Timely diagnosis is crucial to prevent further complications. This study aims to conduct a literature review on the anatomical variations and available therapeutic methods for managing choledochal cysts, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment approaches. A systematic literature review methodology was employed, involving database identification, keyword selection, article screening, and the use of recent publications from reputable scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. This review identifies five types of choledochal cysts based on the Todani classification, with Type I being the most common. The primary treatment for choledochal cysts involves complete cyst excision, usually followed by biliary reconstruction using Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. In more advanced cases, complex surgical procedures such as pancreaticoduodenectomy may be required. Biliary reconstruction following cyst excision, particularly through Roux-en-Y jejunostomy, has been proven effective and is considered the gold standard in choledochal cyst management. Surgical approaches should be tailored to the cyst type to achieve optimal clinical outcomes.
PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PEDIATRIC GLIOMA Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy As; Josafat, Gantha Narendra; Priyanto, Bambang
Indonesian Journal of Health and Medical Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Abstract

Gliomas are the most common type of central nervous system neoplasms in children, exhibiting distinct clinical and biological characteristics compared to adult gliomas. Pediatric gliomas encompass various histological and molecular subtypes, ranging from low-grade gliomas (LGG) to high-grade gliomas (HGG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), each with differing clinical presentations, treatment responses, and prognoses. This literature review discusses the definition, etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors of pediatric gliomas. Advances in imaging and molecular technologies have enabled more precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted molecular therapies, tailored according to tumor grade and location. A comprehensive understanding of the biological and clinical aspects of pediatric gliomas is essential for improving patient prognosis and quality of life.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SKIN AGING: ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AND DERMAL REMODELING Sari, Baiq Merna Merta; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Muliana, Atriska Citra; Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; Athalia, Ihza Namira; Aulia, Rashieka Salma; Josafat, Gantha Narendra; Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy As; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Prasetya, Rangga Cahya; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Indonesian Journal of Health and Medical Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Abstract

The skin, as the largest organ of the human body, plays a vital role in protecting the internal systems from external environments. As age increases, the skin undergoes two types of aging: intrinsic, caused by genetic and hormonal factors, and extrinsic, due to environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation and pollution. The aging process is characterized by a decrease in fibroblasts, which are responsible for producing collagen and elastin, leading to a reduction in skin strength and elasticity. Oxidative stress resulting from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to DNA damage and triggers inflammatory responses that accelerate aging, manifesting as wrinkles and sagging skin. Chronic inflammation, induced by ROS, further supports premature aging by increasing inflammatory substances that cause redness and irritation of the skin. Additionally, dermal remodeling is a physiological process essential for maintaining healthy skin. Still, it can become pathological if there is an imbalance between synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix, thereby hastening signs of aging such as wrinkles and sagging skin. In efforts to combat skin aging, several pharmacological aspects, such as topical therapies using sunscreens, retinoids, and alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), have proven effective. Furthermore, systemic antioxidant supplementation also contributes to skin condition improvement. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of skin aging, the importance of skincare, and therapeutic strategies to counteract premature aging.
GUNSTOCK DEFORMITY OF THE ELBOW: CLINICAL FEATURES, BIOMECHANICS, AND CURRENT TREATMENT STRATEGIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW Athalia, Ihza Namira; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Muliana, Atriska Citra; Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; Sari, Baiq Merna Merta; Aulia, Rashieka Salma; Josafat, Gantha Narendra; Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy As; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Prasetya, Rangga Cahya; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Indonesian Journal of Health and Medical Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Abstract

Gunstock deformity, also known as cubitus varus, is a common complication that arises after supracondylar humerus fractures in children, primarily due to malunion of the bone. This condition results in an inward deviation of the forearm when the elbow is in full extension, creating a pronounced change in contour that can significantly impact biomechanical function and the quality of life of the patient. Common clinical symptoms include pain on the lateral side of the elbow, limited range of motion, and joint instability, particularly associated with ulnar neuropathy. Diagnosis is established through physical examination and radiological imaging to identify the angle of deviation and malalignment. Management of this deformity varies based on severity, ranging from observation in mild cases to surgical interventions like osteotomy in more severe cases. Common corrective techniques include lateral closing wedge osteotomy and dome osteotomy, aimed at restoring anatomical alignment and preventing long-term complications. Postoperative rehabilitation is crucial for regaining joint function and muscle strength. Long-term prognosis is generally good; however, it requires appropriate management to avoid complications like joint stiffness and ulnar neuropathy. A comprehensive approach encompassing diagnosis, deformity correction, and rehabilitation is essential for achieving optimal functional outcomes.
Co-Authors Ajmala, Indana Eva Ansary, Muhammad Fathir Rahadian As Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy Athalia, Ihza Namira Aulia, Rashieka Salma Bambang Priyanto, Bambang Eustachius Hagni Wardoyo Fadhila, Luthfiya Nur Hasbi, Nurmi - Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila Josafat, Gantha Narendra Mertasari, Baiq Merna Metta Octora Muhammad Rifki Muliana, Atriska Citra Mussyafa, Aulia Putri Nurhidayati Nurhidayati Prasetya, Rangga Cahya Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto Rahim, Adelia Riezka Rizqullah, Rifqi Rosyunita, Rosyunita Sari, Baiq Merna Merta Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy As Tunairin, Siti Raodatul Jannah Zuhan, Arif