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All Journal KARSA: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Keislaman (Journal of Social and Islamic Culture) Syifa al-Qulub : Jurnal Studi Psikoterapi Sufistik Journal Analytica Islamica MUHARRIK: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN SOSIAL Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health AL-HIKMAH : Jurnal Theosofi dan Peradaban Islam Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science Community Development Journal: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Studia Sosia Religia: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama Tarbiatuna: Journal of Islamic Education Studies Mudabbir: Journal Research and Education Studies Regress: Journal of Economics & Management JURNAL EKONOMI, SYARIAH DAN STUDI ISLAM Fatih: Journal of Contemporary Research Al-I'jaz:Jurnal Kewahyuan Islam Jurnal Ushuluddin Sufiya Journal of Islamic Studies Al-Qarawiyyin: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin Nizamiyah: Jurnal Sains, Sosial dan Multidisiplin
Sholahuddin Ashani
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences Other

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The Problem of Determinism in Machine Learning: Ashʻarite and Muʻtazilite Free Will Perspectives Fauziah Hanum Siregar; Indra Harahap; Sholahuddin Ashani; Hashim Mohammed Adam Hasabalh
Al-Qarawiyyin: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Islamic Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Yayasan Albahriah Jamiah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64691/swkng003

Abstract

The problem of determinism in machine learning is becoming increasingly relevant as predictive analytics, recommendation systems, and algorithmic profiling model human behavior as predictable statistical patterns. Modern studies of the philosophy of technology generally address this issue within the framework of secular rationalism. At the same time, the contribution of classical Islamic theology to the critique of digital determinism remains limited. This study aims to analyze the problem of algorithmic determinism by reconstructing the Ashʻarite and Muʻtazilite concepts of free will and to assess their relevance as a critical framework for the metaphysical assumptions of machine learning. This research is a literature study with a philosophical-theological approach, grounded in a hermeneutic reading of primary kalām texts and a conceptual-critical analysis of contemporary machine learning literature. The results show that determinism in machine learning is both operational and epistemic, as algorithmic predictions rely on probabilistic correlations rather than final causality in human actions. The Ashʻarite perspective, through the concept of kasb, shows limited compatibility with digital predictive systems by distinguishing between the creation of actions and the subject’s moral responsibility. In contrast, the Muʻtazilite affirmed human rational autonomy and the causal efficacy of actions, thereby demonstrating the limitations of algorithmic deterministic claims in explaining ethical freedom. A comparison of the two suggests that machine learning does not eliminate free will but only enhances the capacity to predict behavior. This research confirms that classical kalām can serve as a critical framework for evaluating the metaphysical assumptions of contemporary digital technology.
Maqāṣid sebagai Tujuan Teks dan Hukum: Analisis Komparatif dalam Studi Tafsir M. Ridho Baihaki; Suci Rahmadina; Faris Naufal; Hanif Dawamah; Sholahuddin Ashani
Fatih: Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January-June
Publisher : Yayasan Zia Salsabila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61253/t96me488

Abstract

Penelitian ini berupaya menganalisis konsep maqāṣid sebagai orientasi tujuan teks dan hukum dalam studi tafsir melalui pendekatan komparatif. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian kepustakaan yang memanfaatkan berbagai sumber literatur sebagai data utama dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari berbagai sumber yang relevan dalam bidang tafsir, usul fikih, dan maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. Selanjutnya, data yang telah terkumpul dikaji melalui analisis komparatif guna mengungkap persamaan dan perbedaan pandangan para ulama terkait peran maqāṣid dalam memahami teks Al-Qur’an serta dalam perumusan hukum Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa maqāṣid berfungsi sebagai kerangka interpretatif yang penting dalam menghubungkan makna tekstual wahyu dengan tujuan yang memiliki ruang lingkup lebih luas dibandingkan syariat Islam. Sebagian ulama memandang maqāṣid sebagai tujuan yang secara inheren terkandung dalam teks, sementara yang lain menekankan perannya sebagai prinsip dasar dalam penalaran dan pengembangan hukum. Meskipun terdapat perbedaan metodologis, kedua pandangan tersebut memiliki tujuan yang sama, yaitu mewujudkan kemaslahatan (maṣlaḥah) dan menjaga nilai-nilai fundamental syariat. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa integrasi antara analisis tekstual dan pendekatan berbasis maqāṣid memungkinkan lahirnya penafsiran yang lebih kontekstual dan dinamis tanpa mengurangi otoritas teks Al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan kajian tafsir dan hukum Islam kontemporer dengan menawarkan pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif mengenai hubungan antara makna teks, tujuan penetapan hukum, dan kondisi sosial masyarakat.
Co-Authors Abdul Ghoni Abrar M. Dawud Faza Achyar Zein Adli Walikhsan Ali Azmi Nasution, Muhammad Alviani, Tantri Rizky Annisa Aurora Aqila, Fani Ardiansyah, Al Fiqri Arnita Suryani Astuti, Rani Pudji Balqis Nur Afifah Elda Ayumi Faris Naufal Fauziah Hanum Siregar Hafis Sahputra Hajizah Azzahra Hamdah Noor Halimatusyakdia Hanif Dawamah Harahap, Indra Hartono, Sidiq Hashim Mohammed Adam Hasabalh Imam Fahmi Indra Harahap Indra Harahap Junaidi Junaidi Khoirul Najri Kurnie, Muhammad Iqbal Al M. Raja Perkasa Alam Harahap M. Ridho Baihaki Marbun, Wildani Ramadhan Maulani Maulani Muhammad Ali Azmi Nasution Muhammad King Abdul Aziz Mulyani, Dwi Rizky Musaddad Lubis Musaddad Lubis Mutaqin Alzamzami Muttaqin, Fakih Fadilah Noor Halimatusyakdia, Hamdah Prasetyo, Iman Darmawan Pratama, Radivan Rafli Kahfi Rahmadani, Indi Rizki Ade Syahputra Shabri, M. Ariq Fadhil Siregar, Fauziah Hanum Sri Dayani Suci Rahmadina Syahminan, Muhammad Tambunan, Marhamah Annazah Tuti Alawiyah Zulkarnaen Zulkarnaen