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Immunostimulant Effects of Bitter Leaves (Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Del.) Sch.Bip.ex Walp.) Leaf Extract Setiani, Lusi Agus; Wiendarlina, Ike Yulia; Rizkyani, Nanda Asyura; Fazri, Syifa Ainun
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

In Indonesia, the widespread impact of COVID-19 has led to an increased interest in exploring natural immunostimulants as complementary therapies. One promising candidate is Gymnanthemum amygdalinum, commonly known as bitter leaf. Bitter leaf is a medicinal plant that can be used as an immunostimulant because it contains flavonoid compounds. This study aims to investigate the immunostimulatory effects of Bitter leaf extract obtained using the MAE method, particularly in enhancing immune function and the effective dosage in rats. The ethanolic extract of bitter leaf was made using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method, which can potentially extract high levels of flavonoid compounds compared to other extraction methods in vivo. There were as many as 25 rats, which were divided into five treatment groups: the negative control was treated with CMC Na 0,5% (w/v); the positive control was treated with 4,5 mg/200 g body weight (BW) of Echinacea purpurea. The treatment groups from Dose 1; Dose 2; and Dose 3 were treated with an ethanol extract of bitter leaf at 14 mg/200 g BW, 28 mg/200 g BW, and 56 mg/200 g BW. Immunostimulant effect testing was carried out using the carbon clearance method, and the number of leukocytes was counted. In carbon clearance testing, each group was given a carbon solution intravenously; blood was taken at 5, 10, and 15 minutes via the tail vein, and its absorbance was measured using UV-Vis 675 nm. The count of leukocytes was observed using the chamber of a hemocytometer through a microscope. The research results showed that administration of doses I, II, and III provided an immunostimulant effect. Based on the results, the ethanolic extract from a bitter leaf from Dose III (56 mg/200 g BW) provided a stronger immunostimulant effect in rats based on the phagocytosis index parameters of (9.005) and the number of leukocytes of (8,370/µL).
THE POTENCY OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LEAVES AS A NATURAL DISINFECTANT AND ANTISEPTIC INGREDIENT Mahyuni, Siti; Komala, Oom; Wiendarlina, Ike Yulia; Fatah, Muhammad Fajar Saeful
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jbbi.2025.9216

Abstract

Preventing the spread of nosocomial infection are generally carried out by disinfection process of the tools to be used with chemical disinfectant such as phenol, alcohol, chlorine, iodine or sublimate. Excessive use of chemicals can cause health problems. Guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) have long been empirically used to treat diarrhea and acne. Scientific data shows that guava leaves have positive activity against several types of pathogenic bacteria due to its tannin content. Guava leaves have the potential to be developed as a disinfectant and antiseptic material. This study aims to determine the disinfection activity of guava leaves on surgical instruments using the total plate count method, skin irritation test using patch test method and quantify the tannin content in young and old guava leaves using spectrophotometry method. The results showed that the tannin content in old and young guava leaves was 68.73 ± 0.067 mg/g (6.873%) and young 61.87 ± 0.046 mg/g (6.187%). At concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40% guava leaf extract were able to reduce the total plate count in surgical instrument samples by 6.85; 37; 80.82; and 83.56%. The primary irritation index of 0.05 only occurs at a concentration of 40%, classified as non-irritant. It can be concluded that guava leaves have the potential to be further developed as a natural disinfectant or antiseptic.
Penerapan Ekstraksi Cair Tekanan Uap Tinggi Menggunakan Bahan Halal untuk Optimasi Antioksidan Akhmad Endang Zainal Hasan; Ike Yulia Wiendarlina; Witdiastuti Witdiastuti
JURNAL AGROINDUSTRI HALAL Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Agroindustri Halal 8(1)
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30997/jah.v8i1.5556

Abstract

Soursop is a plant that is used as traditional medicine. Antioxidants are compounds that are able to delay, slow down, or inhibit oxidation reactions. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in extraction time and the comparison of variations in the amount of simplicia with aquadest solvent on the high pressure extraction method on antioxidant activity. The study made 13 treatments using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design with the fit of the Central Composite Design (CCD) model. The results showed that from the 13 treatments, the extraction time had an effect on the percent yield with the equation Y = -51.9692 + 24.2030 X1 + 1.2984 X2. The extraction time (X1) has a value greater than the ratio of simplicia powder to the volume of distilled water (X2) as well as the IC50 value as shown in the equation Y = 171,983 + 13,828 X1 – 4,110 X2. Extraction time (X1) has a greater value when compared to simplicia with aquadest solvent volume (X2). The results of the analysis of the percentage of extract yield and the optimal IC50 value using RSM analysis were thought to have an extraction time of 6.3 minutes and the ratio of simplicia powder to the volume of aquadest solvent was 1:61,2. The results of the antioxidant activity obtained that the optimal IC50 value was estimated at 4.3 minutes of extraction time and the ratio of simplicia powder to the volume of aquadest solvent was 1:78.2.