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Articles 482 Documents
The Morphological and Anatomical Studies of The Aerial Parts of Abroma augusta L. from Semarang Rita Ariyana Nur Khasanah; Niken Kusumarini
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 6, No 2 (2021): November
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v6i2.13573

Abstract

Abroma augusta L. known as Devil’s cotton belongs to Malvaceae. The exploratory study aimed to study the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the aerial parts of A. augusta L. from Semarang. The transverse section of the aerial parts was made by a simple method (fresh preparation) and then observed under a binocular microscope with an optilab. All characteristics were observed and then compared with the references. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. In summary, the results showed that A. augusta L. was an evergreen shrub (small tree) with orthotropic and plagiotropic branches and polymorphous leaves. The inflorenscence was found in the terminal and axillar plagiotropic branching with bisex, actinomorphic, and pentamerous flowers. The fruit was unique (obconical capsule with a rounded base and truncate-tip with 5 angled wings) including cotton fibers and numerous black seeds. The petiole was composed of epidermis, collenchyma, cortical parenchyma, sclerenchyma, vascular bundle, mucilaginous ducts, and pith. The dorsiventral leaf was composed of upper and lower epidermis, palisade, and spongy parenchyma. The stomata type was ranunculaceous (anomocytic) while the guard cell was kidney-shaped. The stomata density on the abaxial leaf was higher than that of the adaxial leaf. The stellate and unicellular non-glandular trichomes, and capitate glandular trichomes were found abundantly on the petiole and leaf blade. These morphological and anatomical studies are important to support the identification as a part of the conservation effort of the plant. Further studies are recommended to investigate the root morphology and anatomy and also biochemical characteristics of each part of the plant in order to obtain  complete plant identification.
Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Tape and Jember Tempeh as a Probiotic Candidate Siti Nur Azizah; Mikhania Christiningtyas Eryani; Azizah Azizah
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 6, No 2 (2021): November
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v6i2.12393

Abstract

Probiotics are microbes in fermented foods that have beneficial effects on health. Microbes that act as probiotics are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that can produce metabolites such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and bacteriocins. This study aimed to obtain lactic acid bacterial isolates from tape and tempeh, and to test the potential of LAB as a probiotic candidate by activity test as an antidiarrhea and its resistance to gastric pH and bile salts. The fermentation products used as a source of LAB isolates are tempeh sumber mas merk, and yellow cassava tape, sari madu merk from Jember. The results of the first stage regarding the isolation of LAB using GYP media showed that there were 2 LAB isolates (TaJ.14 and TaJ.15) from the tape and 4 LAB isolates (TeJ.18, TeJ.22, TeJ.24, and TeJ.25) from tempeh. The results of the antidiarrheal test using the disc diffusion method (oxoid) showed that TaJ.14 and TaJ.15 isolates were able to inhibit Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Shigella dysentriae, while TeJ.18, TeJ.22, TeJ.24, TeJ.25, and Lactobacillus casei (control) was only able to inhibit B. subtilis and E. coli. The results of LAB resistance to gastric pH showed that the TeJ.25 isolate had the highest percentage of pH 3 and 2.5 resistance (51.13 and 33.03%) compared to other isolates and controls. LAB resistance test results against bile salts (oxgal) showed that the TeJ.22 isolate had the highest percentage of resistance (75.10%) compared to other isolates although was still higher in control (75.99%).
Dinochloa Scandens (Poaceae-Bambusoideae): Distribution, Habitat Preference, and Notes on Synonymy I Putu Gede P. Damayanto; Syadwina H. Dalimunthe; Megawati Megawati
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 6, No 2 (2021): November
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v6i2.12485

Abstract

The distribution of Dinochloa scandens is unclear. World bamboo checklists suggest it is relatively widespread in Malesia. Here we clarify issues with herbarium specimen identification. Besides, a synonym name of D. scandens, namely D. macrocarpa collected from the Philippines, needs to be reviewed. The study aims to provide information on distribution and to review the synonym of D. scandens. The habitat preferences of D. scandens are also presented. We carried out targeted fieldwork at Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park in West Java in 2019 and extensive examination of herbarium specimens from Herbarium Bogoriense and online portals to accurately circumscribe this species. All data were analyzed descriptively. Distribution, altitude, and rainfall maps for D. scandens were produced with ArcGIS Pro. Our examination on the specimens suggests that D. scandens is indeed endemic to West Java and Banten Provinces in Indonesia. This bamboo species can be found in lowland to mountain forests with an altitude of 20-1400 m, in areas with annual rainfall between 3000-4000 mm. We support D. macrocarpa as an accepted name for a bamboo species from the Philippines and remove it from synonymy with D. scandens due to clear differences in the fruit compared to specimens of D. scandens across its range.
Bioconversion of Fermented Barley Waste by Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera; Stratiomyidae) Agus Dana Permana; Din Dzakamala Fafi Rohmatillah1; Ramadhani Eka Putra; Ucu Julita; Agus Susanto
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 6, No 2 (2021): November
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v6i2.14609

Abstract

Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL), Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) are widely used as bioconverter agents for various organics waste, and BSF pupae are often used as fodder for poultry and fish, because the BSF pupae have a high protein content. This study focused on applying BSFL as a bioconversion agent of the fermented barley waste to convert it to larvae biomass. Prior to application, barley waste was fermented either using effective microorganisms-4 (EM4), leachate, and water for seven days. The fermented barley waste was applied as feeding material for BSFL at the rate of 100 mg/larvae/days. As control commercial chicken fed (CF) was applied as feeding material at a similar feeding rate. During this study, waste reduction index (WRI), and efficiency of digested feed (ECD) were calculated, and the protein content in the BSF prepupae was analyzed. The results of this study showed that BSFL fed with CF produces the shortest development time (27 days), and high consumption rate. BSFL fed with barley waste fermented with EM4 (BE) and Leachate (BL) produces a larval period of 31 and 30 days respectively, and statistically those were not significantly different from control. This study showed that treatments of BE and BL, produced a very high larval survival rates, 98.67% and 97.00% respectively, and those two treatments were not statistically different from the control (96.67%). Although the control treatment resulted in a higher WRI compared to the other treatments, but the ECD of BE and BL treatments were higher than the ECD of the control. From this study, it can be concluded that BSFL has a good ability to convert fermented barley waste as well as controls, and the prepupae has a high protein content (42%), so BSFL fed with fermented barley waste has the opportunity to be used as a fed for poultry and fish.
Micropropagation of Three Endemic Begonias Using Various Hormones Concentration and Culture Media Application Lily Ismaini; Intani Quarta Lailaty; Muhammad Efendi
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 6, No 2 (2021): November
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v6i2.13769

Abstract

Three species of Begonias endemic to Java and Sumatra, namely Begonia leuserensis, Begonia atricha and Begonia scottii, were conserved in Cibodas Botanic Gardens as sources of germplasm for ornamental plant and/or medicines. However, the information on efficient hormones concentration and their culture media application through an in vitro propagation effort is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the growth response of three species of Begonias using various hormones concentrations and culture media through in vitro propagation. The culture media using Murashige & Skoog (MS) media that combinedwith 6-Benzyladenine (BA) dan Thidiazuron (TDZ) hormones in different concentrations i.e. 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, and 3 mg/L. Observation parameter included shoot number, plantlets height, and leaves number. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the F test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that three species of Begonias were observed to have different growth responses in the combination of MS+BA and MS+TDZ media. The combination of MS+TDZ media produces more shoots number, while the combination of MS+BA media influenced higher in leaves number. A concentration of 0.5 mg/L of hormone showed a good regeneration, therefore were recommended for in vitro propagation of Begonia species.
Rafflesia zollingeriana Koord.: a Reinstatement Dewi Lestari; Ridha Mahyuni
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 6, No 2 (2021): November
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v6i2.13597

Abstract

Rafflesia zollingeriana Koord. was one of Rafflesia that distributed in Java. Although it has been stated as a different species, R. zollingeriana is sometimes still regarded as a synonym of R. patma. In addition, there are several contradictions in description of R. zollingeriana.  Therefore, further investigation is needed. This study attempts presents a full the description of the R. zollingeriana female flower. In this study, a full description of female flower of R. zollingeriana and pictures of important characters such as ramenta, annulus, perigone lobes, disc, processes, bractea are presented. This study is also compared the morphology of R. zollingeriana and R. patma, to confirm their differences in size, opening of diaphragm, blotches and warts pattern on perigone lobes and diaphragm, annulus, and ramenta.
Soil Carbon in The Bone Bay Mangrove Ecosystem, Palopo City Srida Mitra Ayu; Nardy Noerman Najib; Witno Witno; Angger Angger
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 7, No 1 (2022): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v7i1.16635

Abstract

The mangrove ecosystem is one of the many ecosystems found along tropical beaches that have a function as a buffer area between land and sea and produce organic matter. There are several factors that influence the spread of mangrove plants, namely the physical factor of the soil. This study aimed to determine the soil carbon content in the mangrove ecosystem in the village of Temmalebba, South Sulawesi. The data collected in the form of bulk density (BD), organic matter (BO) and percent C for analysis of carbon content was obtained from the analysis of soil samples taken from 10 points with 3 replications for composite samples. The sampling point was determined based on the growth and density of mangroves. Furthermore, the data was analyzed using the organic C equation and carbon content. The results showed that the highest bulk density was found at a depth of 60–100 cm with a value of 1.28 g/cm3. The highest percent of organic matter content found at a depth of 0-30 cm with a value of 9.18%. The highest soil carbon content found at a depth of 60–100 cm with a value of 225.38 (MgC ha-1). Soil carbon content in the mangrove ecosystem of Bone Bay, Temmalebba village is strongly influenced by several factors, including soil depth, bulk density, organic matter, and soil texture. 
Analysis Effect of Nano Chitosan Coating on The Quality of Shallot Bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L. var. Bauji) Della Widya Puspita; Erma Prihastanti; Sri Widodo Agung Suedy; Agus Subagio
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 7, No 1 (2022): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v7i1.14900

Abstract

Shallots are bulb-shaped commodities that are difficult to maintain in new conditions because they are easily damaged. An effective effort to prevent deterioration of food quality during storage is by coating it using nano chitosan. The effectiveness of nano chitosan is influenced by particle size which related to the ratio of chitosan and STPP (sodium tripolyphosphate). This study aimed to determine the effect of nano chitosan coating with the addition of different ratios of chitosan and STPP and the appropriate ratio of chitosan and STPP on nano chitosan as a coating to maintain the quality of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L. var. Bauji). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with four treatments and five replications. The treatments of this research were P0= Control, PI= Nano chitosan ratio of chitosan: STPP 1:3, P2= Nano chitosan ratio of chitosan:STPP 1:4, and P3= Nano chitosan ratio of chitosan:STPP 1:5. The variables of this study were the percentage of damage, the percentage of diameter shrinkage, weight loss, color, hardness, and moisture content. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test and continued with the DMRT test. The application of nano chitosan coating on shallot bulbs could reduce damage, shrinkage of tuber diameter, weight loss, color, hardness, and decrease in water content better than the control treatment. The best results were shown by treatment P3 (1:5) with a percentage of damage of 8%, diameter shrinkage of 20.20%, weight loss of 18.40%, total color change of 54.45, hardness of 226.23 N, and a decrease in water content of 4.65% at the final water content of 79.09%.
Bioenrichment of Papaya Leaf Meal With Different Feed Formulations on Growth Performance of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Ricky Febrinaldy Simanjuntak; Ira Maya Abdiani; Perdiansyah Perdiansyah; Riska Purnama Sari
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 7, No 1 (2022): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v7i1.17023

Abstract

The production and demand of tilapia (O. niloticus) in some countries continue to increase but are not matched by good growth quality. Several methods have been used to increase growth, such as the use of synthetic hormones and radiation, however, the methods require such a high cost. Thus it needs to be investigated the potential replacement with natural prooduct. Papaya leaf contains papain enzyme thought to be able to improve the growth performance of fish body weight through the conversion of proteins into amino acids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth performance of tilapia (O. niloticus) fish that were given papaya meal (C. papaya) treatments. The concentrations pellet with papaya meal respectively T1(feed with 0 grams of papaya leaf meal), T2 (administration of papaya leaf meal with 1.25 g/kg feed), T3 (administration of papaya leaf meal with 1.75 g/kg feed), T4 (administration of papaya leaf meal with 2 g/kg feed), T5 (administration of papaya leaf meal with 2.25 g/kg feed). Parameters analyzed included: absolute length growth, absolute weight, specific growth rate, FCR survival rate and, water quality. The results showed that the highest weight growth of tilapia fed with the administration of papaya leaf meal was found at T4 of 21.23 grams. In the specific weight, the optimal treatment was found in T4 with a percentage of 20.97%. In the length growth of tilapia, it was known that the T1, T4 and T5 had highest lengths when compared to other treatments and the highest survival rate of tilapia (O. niloticus) was in the T2, T3, T5 treatments of 73%. The optimal FCR value was found in the T4 treatment of 1.14. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the administration of papaya leaf flour can increase the growth performance of tilapia.Al-Nemrawi, N. K., Alsharif, S. S. M. & Dave, R. H. (2018). Preparation of Chitosan-TPP Nanoparticles: The Influence of Chitosan Polymeric Properties and Formulation Variables. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 10(5), 60–65. Awaludin., Simanjuntak, R. F. & Jumsan. (2020). Modifikasi Pakan Buatan untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon). Majalah Ilmiah Biosfera, 37 (3). 168-174Amri, K. & Khairuman. (2003). Membuat Pakan Ikan Konsumsi. Agromedia Pustaka. Tangerang.Boyd, C. E. (1982). Water Quality Management for Pond Fish Culture. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.De Silva, S. S. & Anderson, T. A. (1995). Fish Nutrition In Aquaculture. Aquaculture Series 1. London, Chapman and Hall. Dongoran, D. S. (2004). 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Teknik Pembesaran Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Instalasi Budidaya Air Tawar Pandaan, Jawa Timus. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health, 7(3). 118-123Simanjuntak, R. F., Abdiani, I. M. & Verawati. (2018). Bioenrichment Tepung Pepaya (Carica Papaya) dengan Formulasi Pakan yang Berbeda pada Performa Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Harpodon Borneo, 11 (2). 59-68.Simanjuntak, R. F. & Ridwansyah. (2020). Membangung Keterampilan Mahasiswa Perbatasan Kaltara Melalui teknologi dan Manajemen Pembuatan Pakan Ikan Pada Masa Pancemi dan Pasca Covid-19. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Borneo, 4 (2). 143-150SNI 7550.2009. (2009). Produksi Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus Bleeker) Kelas Pembesaran di Kolam Air Tenang. Badan Standardisasi nasional. JakartaSulasi, S., Hastuti, S. & Subandiyono, S. (2018). Pengaruh Enzim Papain dan Probiotik pada Pakan Buatan terhadap Pemanfaatan Protein Pakan dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Mas (Cyprinus Carpio). 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Immunomodulatory Activity of Allium sativum, Curcuma mangga, and Acorus calamus Combination Nanoparticle on Mice Leukocytes Profile Bayyinatul Muchtaromah; Nur Izzah Analisa; Mujahidin Ahmad; Prilya Dewi Fitriasari; Soraya Habibi; Alfiah Hayati; Ely Nuril Fajriyah
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 7, No 1 (2022): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v7i1.11879

Abstract

Immunomodulators are substances acting as stimulants or suppressants against the immune system, either to specific or non-specific activity. The non-specific through the production of leukocytes as the first response in fighting against an attacking antigen. Meanwhile, the specific, hrough recognition of antigens by lymphocytes during reattack. This research aimed to determine the immunomodulatory activity of the extracts combination nanoparticles of Allium sativum, Curcuma mangga, and Acorus calamus on the leukocyte profile of mice. This study used 5 treatments and 6 repetitions. The treatment groups were K- (untreated group), P1 (extracts combination nanoparticle dose of 25 mg/kg), P2 (extracts combination nanoparticle dose of 50 mg / kg), P3 (subur kandungan herbal medicine dose of 75 mg / kg), and P4 (Clomiphene citrate dose of 0.9 mg / kgBW). The parameters used included the total number of leukocytes and their differential value. The data that met the parametric assumptions, such as normally distributed and homogeneous were examined using the One Way ANOVA test, and when there was a significant difference, it was processed with the Duncan assessment. While those that did not meet the assumptions were evaluated using a non-parametric analysis. The statistical results showed that administration of extracts combination nanoparticles of A. sativum, C. mangga, and A. calamus at doses of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg were able to suppress the inflammatory reaction by decreasing the total number of leukocytes. However, the differential leukocyte count was able to maintained or modulate immune system, indicating by the percentage of neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil in the normal range. At a dose of 50 mg/kg, decreased the percentage of lymphocytes, while for monocytes, all dosage ranges were able to increase their number.