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Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo
Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
ISSN : 23378433     EISSN : 26214520     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia is a journal published twice a year by Pharmacy Department, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto with the Number of ISSN 2337-8433 and E-ISSN 2621-4520. Our journal discusses various pharmaceutical fields in terms of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 140 Documents
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Prevalence and characteristics of potential drug-drug interactions in hospitalized atrial fibrillation patients receiving anticoagulant therapy Putri, Atika; Ilma, Dewi Latifatul; Suryoputri, Masita Wulandari; Endriastuti, Nialiana Endah
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2024): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2024.12.2.11882

Abstract

Background: Anticoagulants are essential for stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation but carry significant interaction potential with commonly used medications. Understanding the prevalence and patterns of these interactions is crucial for optimizing therapy. Objective: To assess the incidence and characteristics of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in hospitalized atrial fibrillation patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Methods: This retrospective, descriptive observational study analyzed medical records of 324 atrial fibrillation patients hospitalized between January 2019 and December 2021 at a regional hospital in Banyumas Regency. Potential DDIs were assessed using Lexicomp, Drugs.com, and Merck Manual databases, and categorized by severity, mechanism, and clinical manifestation. Results: Nearly all patients (98.90%) experienced at least one potential DDI. Of 1,249 identified DDI events, most were moderate in severity (83.27%) and primarily involved warfarin (69.73%). Pharmacodynamic mechanisms predominated (51.24%), and decreased anticoagulant efficacy was the most common potential clinical manifestation (64.21%). Warfarin accounted for most pharmacokinetic (10.49%) and pharmacodynamic (32.42%) interactions. Elderly patients (>65 years) constituted the largest population group (40.74%), and most patients (65.74%) had atrial fibrillation as a secondary diagnosis. Conclusion: The high prevalence of potential DDIs involving anticoagulants in hospitalized atrial fibrillation patients underscores the need for vigilant medication management, particularly for patients receiving warfarin and those with multiple comorbidities.
Potential drug-drug interactions in elderly patients in a renal ward: a single-center retrospective study in Pakistan Ahmad, Nouman; Ramadhan, Andika Yusuf; Mahmood, Asif; Faisal, Shah
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2024): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2024.12.2.15510

Abstract

Background: The increasing prevalence of kidney disease among elderly populations has led to a rise in potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs), particularly due to widespread polypharmacy use in this demographic. Objective: This study aims to retrospectively analyze pDDIs and identify their prevalence and associated factors among elderly patients in a renal ward. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital in Swat, Pakistan, from January to December 2022. Data were obtained from the Patients Records Office using a conventional paper-based record system. A sample of 43 elderly patients (age ≥60 years) was selected through consecutive sampling. Drug interactions were assessed using freely available online tools: Drugs.com and Medscape Drug Checker, selected for their user-friendly accessibility and suitability in resource-limited settings. Results: Among the 43 elderly subjects with balanced gender distribution, the mean age was 66.53 ± 7.68 years. Comorbidities were present in 74.4% of patients, and each patient was prescribed an average of 4.58 medications. According to Medscape, 62.79% of patients experienced one or more potential drug interactions, while Drugs.com identified interactions in 67.44% of cases. Notably, 15% of these interactions were classified as high-risk by both tools. Logistic regression analysis indicated a significantly higher risk of potential drug interactions with increasing numbers of prescribed medications (OR = 4.515, p = 0.033). Conclusion: This study identified a high prevalence of pDDIs among elderly patients with kidney disease in Pakistan. The majority had comorbidities necessitating multiple medications, thereby increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Mitigating these risks requires accurate prescribing practices, reliable electronic surveillance systems, and clinical pharmacist support.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of chicken feet for bioactive peptides: method validation and protein quantification Rusydan, Azka Muhammad; Rahayu, Adelia Ragil; Rohmah, Siti Dzurriatur; Firdausia, Rizqa Salsabila
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2024): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2024.12.2.13818

Abstract

Background: Stunting affects 21.5% of Indonesian children under five, primarily due to chronic nutritional deficiencies. Chicken feet, underutilized poultry byproducts rich in protein, represent potential sources of bioactive peptides for nutritional interventions. Objective: This study evaluated two enzymatic hydrolysis methods for producing bioactive peptides from chicken feet and validated analytical methods for protein quantification. Methods: Chicken feet were hydrolyzed using bromelain and sequential papain-alcalase treatments. Soluble proteins were quantified using the Biuret assay. Analytical methods were validated for accuracy, precision, and linearity according to ICH guidelines. Results: The analytical method demonstrated satisfactory performance with accuracy values of 98-102%, RSD values below 2%, and linearity (R² = 0.9977) across the 3-11 mg/mL range. Bromelain treatment significantly increased soluble protein content to 24.39 ± 0.65 mg/mL, representing a 1.71-fold increase compared to the non-hydrolyzed control (14.24 ± 0.20 mg/mL, p < 0.001). Conversely, papain-alcalase treatment decreased soluble protein content to 10.92 ± 0.05 mg/mL, likely due to excessive peptide degradation into free amino acids undetectable by the Biuret assay. Conclusion: Bromelain hydrolysis demonstrated superior protein solubilization efficiency compared to papain-alcalase treatment. These preliminary findings suggest bromelain’s potential for converting chicken feet into functional ingredients, though further peptide characterization and bioactivity assessment are required for nutritional applications.
Porang flour optimization as a natural tablet binder for bay leaf extract formulation Nareswari, Tantri Liris; Anandar, Salsabila Fauziah; Putra, Okta Nama; Sarmoko, Sarmoko; Adliani, Nur
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2024): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2024.12.2.15894

Abstract

Background: The Indonesian pharmaceutical industry relies heavily on imported pharmaceutical raw materials (PRMs), with 90-95% of materials sourced from abroad, leading to increased production costs. Porang tuber (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) contains glucomannan with adhesive properties, making it a potential local alternative for tablet binding agents. Purpose: To optimize bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) tablet formulation using porang tuber flour and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as binders through simplex lattice design (SLD). Methods: Porang flour was prepared and characterized for moisture and calcium oxalate content. A tablet formulation optimization study was conducted using Design Expert 13 with porang flour (5-10%) and PVP (0-5%) as independent variables. Responses evaluated included angle of repose, tablet hardness, and disintegration time. The optimized formula was verified and comprehensively characterized. Results: The optimum formula contained 9.86% porang flour and 0.14% PVP, with a desirability value of 0.98. The tablets exhibited satisfactory physical properties: angle of repose 24.70±0.36°, hardness 6.29±0.19 kg, friability 0.51±0.03%, and disintegration time 8.46±0.69 minutes. Statistical analysis confirmed no significant differences between predicted and experimental values (p>0.05). Conclusion: Porang flour can effectively replace synthetic binders in tablet formulations, producing tablets that meet Indonesian Pharmacopoeia standards while reducing dependence on imported excipients.
Effectiveness analysis of single and combined antihypertensive in coronary heart disease patients at Madiun Hospital, East Java Cahyaningrum, Yanuar As'hari; Febriana, Laela; Putra, R.F.X. Premihadi
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2024): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2024.12.2.13712

Abstract

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) patients frequently require antihypertensive therapy to achieve optimal blood pressure control and reduce cardiovascular complications. The comparative effectiveness of monotherapy versus combination antihypertensive regimens remains an important clinical consideration. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of monotherapy and combination antihypertensive treatments in achieving target blood pressure control among hospitalized CHD patients. Methods: This retrospective analysis examined medical records of 139 CHD patients hospitalized between April and June 2021 at a regional hospital in Madiun, East Java. Treatment effectiveness was defined as achieving blood pressure targets below 140/90 mmHg. Independent Sample T-tests compared treatment outcomes between groups. Results: Among 139 patients, 46 received monotherapy and 93 received combination therapy. Monotherapy effectiveness ranged from 80.0% to 88.8%, with calcium channel blockers achieving the highest success rate. Combination therapy demonstrated effectiveness rates between 76.9% and 91.8%, with angiotensin receptor blocker plus calcium channel blocker combinations showing optimal performance. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in systolic blood pressure reduction between approaches (p=0.000), while diastolic outcomes showed no significant difference (p=0.632). Conclusion: Both treatment approaches demonstrate substantial effectiveness, with combination therapy providing particular advantages for systolic blood pressure management in coronary heart disease patients.
Hospital pharmacists’ perspectives on diabetes treatment barriers and solutions: A qualitative study from Indonesia Swandari, Mika Tri Kumala; Cholisoh, Zakky; Karuniawati, Hidayah
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 13 No 1 (2025): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2025.13.1.15716

Abstract

Background: Despite available treatment options, diabetes mellitus (DM) management faces significant barriers affecting patient outcomes. While most research focuses on patient factors, limited attention has been given to healthcare provider perspectives, particularly hospital pharmacists who are key stakeholders in diabetes care. Objective: This study explored treatment barriers and solutions from hospital pharmacists’ perspectives in Indonesia. Methods: This qualitative phenomenological study involved 18 hospital pharmacists at Cilacap Regional General Hospital, Central Java, Indonesia. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and had minimum one-year experience in diabetes patient care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from January to February 2025, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim in Bahasa Indonesia, and analyzed using thematic analysis. All interviews were conducted in Bahasa Indonesia and participant quotes were translated to English while preserving original meaning and cultural context. Results: Analysis of three predetermined barrier themes revealed: adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (particularly metformin-related gastrointestinal effects and insulin-associated hypoglycemia), medication non-adherence (influenced by feeling healed, treatment boredom, age-related denial, and therapy burden), and monthly follow-up challenges (geographic barriers, transportation difficulties, physical limitations, and insufficient family support). Pharmacists proposed comprehensive solutions including patient and family education, interprofessional collaboration, technology integration through WhatsApp support, and flexible monitoring approaches. Conclusion: Pharmacist-identified barriers operate as interconnected system components requiring multi-level interventions. Evidence-based solutions emphasizing education, collaboration, family engagement, and technological support can enhance diabetes management outcomes while respecting cultural contexts and resource constraints.
Extraction techniques for phenolic compounds from Zingiber officinale: a review of traditional, microwave-assisted, and ultrasound-assisted methods Febriani, Ni Kadek Dwi; Susanti, Ni Made Pitri; Dewi, Luh Putu Mirah Kusuma
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 13 No 1 (2025): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2025.13.1.17252

Abstract

Background: The rhizome of Zingiber officinale (ginger) is widely recognized for its pharmacological properties, particularly its antioxidant activity, which is largely attributed to phenolic compounds such as gingerol, shogaol, paradol, and zingerone. Efficient extraction of these compounds requires suitable techniques to maximize yield while maintaining compound stability. Objective: This review aims to evaluate extraction techniques for phenolic compounds from ginger rhizomes, comparing traditional and modern approaches, and to identify methods that produce the highest total phenolic content (TPC). Methods: A literature review was conducted on original research articles published between 2015 and 2025 that reported phenolic extraction from Z. officinale using maceration, soxhlet extraction, reflux, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), or ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases and assessed against defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Six eligible studies were included, revealing substantial methodological heterogeneity that complicates direct method comparisons. UAE with 50% ethanol produced the highest TPC (155.19 ± 2.81 mg GAE/g dry weight), followed by Soxhlet extraction (31.10 ± 0.28 mg GAE/g) and MAE (27.89 ± 1.99 mg GAE/g). Reflux and maceration yielded comparatively lower TPC values, with results influenced by solvent type, concentration, temperature, and extraction time. Conclusion: UAE with 50% ethanol is the most effective technique for extracting phenolic compounds from ginger, offering both high yield and compound stability. MAE, while producing lower yields, remains advantageous for its shorter extraction duration.
Comparative solvent evaluation for protein extraction from Channa striata and development of a stable capsule formulation for nutritional supplementation Salim, Prayoga Drajat Pangestu; Karim, Dewi Damayanti Abdul; Aziz, Syaikhul
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 13 No 1 (2025): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2025.13.1.16152

Abstract

Background: Channa striata is a protein-rich freshwater fish with therapeutic potential, yet systematic optimization of extraction methods and stable formulation development remain limited. Objective: To compare protein extraction efficiency using three solvents (1% HCl, 0.9% NaCl, and distilled water) and develop optimized capsule formulations. Methods: Protein was extracted at 1:4 (w/v) ratio and quantified using the Lowry method at 595 nm. The method was verified for linearity (R = 0.998), accuracy (98-102%), and precision (RSD <2%). Extracts were formulated into capsules at 0, 300, 400, and 500 mg (F0-F3) and evaluated for quality parameters and 28-day stability at -4°C, 24°C, and 40°C. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Duncan's post-hoc test. Results: The 1% HCl yielded highest protein content (4.947 ± 0.071 mg/mL) and extraction efficiency (21.390%) compared to 0.9% NaCl and distilled water (p <0.05). All formulations met pharmaceutical standards. Notably, F3 maintained protein retention >95% across all storage conditions (97.1-99.3%), while F0-F2 failed this criterion. Conclusion: The 1% HCl demonstrated optimal extraction efficiency. F3 (500 mg) exhibited superior stability and dissolution characteristics, representing a promising candidate for C. striata-based nutritional supplements.
Analytical agreement between CEDIA immunoassay and HPLC for therapeutic drug monitoring of carbamazepine: a narrative review Mulki, Munir Alinu; Fitriana, Nariyyah; Ilmi, Yuniar Fathil; Utami, Marsah Rahmawati
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 13 No 1 (2025): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2025.13.1.16526

Abstract

speed, simplicity, and cost, but the extent of its agreement with HPLC across diverse clinical contexts requires careful evaluation. Method: This narrative review synthesizes evidence from nine studies identified through Scopus and Google Scholar to assess the analytical agreement and clinical validity of CEDIA and related immunoassay platforms compared to HPLC and advanced chromatographic methods. Results: The reviewed evidence demonstrates strong inter-method correlation, although systematic positive bias in immunoassay results is consistently observed, particularly in patients receiving enzyme-inducing co-medications where carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide accumulation affects antibody cross-reactivity. CEDIA is analytically acceptable for routine CBZ TDM in stable patients on monotherapy. HPLC and LC-MS/MS remain preferable when metabolite quantification, polytherapy monitoring, or precise measurement near therapeutic boundaries is clinically required. Conclusion: Method selection should be guided by the clinical question, patient population characteristics, and available laboratory resources.
Knowledge and attitudes toward rational antibiotic use among non-health-related undergraduate students in Lampung, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study Oktariza, Yasinda; Hasanah, Uswatun; Janu, Juwana; Mayefis, Delladari
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 13 No 1 (2025): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2025.13.1.18573

Abstract

Background: Inappropriate antibiotic use drives antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a growing global health threat. Non-health-related undergraduate students represent a population with limited formal health education yet significant potential to influence community antibiotic use behaviors. Objective: This study assessed knowledge and attitudes toward rational antibiotic use among non-health-related undergraduate students at Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung, Indonesia, and examined the relationship between the two. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 288 non-health-related undergraduate students from three faculties at ITERA between July and September 2025. Data were collected using a validated, adapted questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests, and Spearman's rank correlation were performed. Results: Mean knowledge and attitude scores were 59.98 (SD = 20.20) and 59.23 (SD = 20.82), respectively, both in the moderate category. Key misconceptions included beliefs that antibiotics treat viral infections (48.97%), reduce fever (45.52%), and can be purchased online without a prescription (62.76%). A moderate-to-strong positive correlation was identified between knowledge and attitude (rho = 0.650; 95% CI: 0.575 to 0.714; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Non-health-related undergraduate students at ITERA demonstrated moderate yet insufficient antibiotic knowledge and attitudes. University-level educational interventions are warranted to improve antibiotic literacy and support AMR containment efforts.

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