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INDONESIA
Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 14119587     EISSN : 25497863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Cetak 1411-9587 dan ISSN Online 2549-7863) diterbitkan mulai tahun 2000 dengan frekuensi 2 kali setahun oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi PMIPA FKIP Universitas Mataram, berisi hasil penelitian dan ulasan Ilmiah dalam bidang Biologi Sains.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,520 Documents
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Evaluation of Yield and Productivity of 20 Single-Cross Maize Hybrid Combinations Hidayatullah, Taufiq; Suliansyah, Irfan; Swasti, Etti; Putri, Nurwanita Ekasari; Mejaya, I Made Jana
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8446

Abstract

Maize is a leading commodity in the agricultural industry. Efforts to increase maize seed production and quality are very important, considering the important role of maize commodities in the global and local food systems. This study aims to evaluate the production results of 20 single-cross maize hybrid combinations through the analysis of agronomic traits and productivity results. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with three replications in 60  plots. The agronomic characters observed included cob length, cob diameter, number of seed rows per cob, and seed weight per cob. The Genotype R hybrid combination stands out as a superior variety with the highest productivity, supported by strong agronomic characteristics. Meanwhile, the Genotype T hybrid shows the lowest performance, highlighting the importance of developing varieties suited to specific environmental conditions. This research makes a significant contribution to agricultural innovation in Indonesia, especially in improving food security and productivity of the agricultural sector.
Identification of Secondary Metabolite compounds and Testing of Flavonoid Levels in Beluntas Leaves (Pluchea indica L.) Salamah, Forrela Zahwa; Ramadhani, Mieta Widya; Wahidah, Shinta Nuriyah; Rahmawati, Rizka Dwi; Sjakoer, Nour Athiroh Abdoes; Savana, Amartya Gesit; Ramadhan, Majida; Faisal, Faisal; Nafisa, Nafisa
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8473

Abstract

Most Indonesian people still use traditional medicine because Indonesian medicinal plants can potentially be the main ingredient in medicine They contain various types of natural chemical compounds with diverse pharmacological and biodiversity effects. Several plants that usually grow around the yard and are easy to grow are beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.)). Beluntas are consumed as an additional ingredient when eating or processed as a herbal concoction. This study identified secondary metabolite compounds and total flavonoid levels in beluntas leaves. Beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica (L.)) were extracted using ethanol solvents and then tested using several reagents to identify their compound content. The total flavonoid test in the beluntas leaf extract was also conducted by adding a 10% aluminum chloride solution, sodium acetate, and aquadest to the extract sample, then incubated and measured for absorption using UV-Vis spectrophotometry in the wavelength range between 415-440 nm. This study demonstrates that beluntas leaves contain bioactive compounds including steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins with a total flavonoid content recorded at 71.567±70.446 mg/g.
Growth Curve and Antibacterial Activity Test of Endophytic Bacteria Isolates 1 (IBE1) from Labu Koteka (Lagenaria siceraria) Against Escherochoa coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MRSA Putri, Silvy Rizka; Djamaan, Akmal; Agustien, Anthoni
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8506

Abstract

The rising incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria presents a considerable global health threat, requiring the immediate creation of new antimicrobial drugs. A possible strategy involves investigating antibiotics sourced from endophytic bacteria, which are microorganisms that inhabit plant tissues symbiotically. This research is to assess the inhibitory efficacy of endophytic bacteria derived from Lagenaria sicerari against, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The identified endophytic bacteria were cultivated in a fermentation medium to synthesize antibiotics, and their growth curves were examined. Subsequently, antibacterial activity assays were performed against the three harmful bacteria, measuring the sizes of the clear inhibitory zones. The results indicated that Isolated Bacteria Endophytic (IBE) 1 attained optimal inoculum levels at 24 hours and sustained the stationary phase from 24 to 36 hours. The isolates exhibited optimum fermentation on a medium utilizing glucose as the carbon source, with a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 5. IBE 1 had the most effective antibacterial action against P. aeruginosa, with a moderate inhibition characterized by clear zone widths of 10.80 mm. The findings indicate that endophytic bacteria from Lagenaria siceraria may serve as promising sources of new antimicrobial drugs, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Antibacterial Effects of Brewed Javanese Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) on Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteria Marakata, Ujwalita Manohara; Putranto, Ricky Anggara; Binartha, Ciptadhi Tri Oka
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8546

Abstract

Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) contains antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, triterpenoids, curcuminoids, and quinones, that has potential alternative mouthwash for managing periodontitis, without the side effects of tooth staining and mucosal irritation. This study aims to examine the antibacterial effects of brewed Javanese turmeric against Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. This is an in vitro experimental study using a pre-test only group design. Antibacterial testing was conducted using the dilution method with brewed Javanese turmeric at concentrations of 5 grams, 2.5 grams, 1.25 grams, 0.625 grams, and 0.3125 grams. A 0.2% chlorhexidine solution was used as a positive control, and distilled water as a negative control. Data were analyzed using the Post Hoc Tukey HSD test and results showed that the 5 gram concentration exhibited the lowest average colony count among all groups and revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the 5 gram group and both control groups. The 5 gram brewed had the highest antibacterial effect among the test groups, although it did not surpass the effectiveness of 0.2% chlorhexidine. Further studies recommended using different bacterial strains, MIC and MBC tests, specialized equipment for Total Plate Count analysis and in vivo studies are also necessary.
The Viability of Indigenous Rhizosphere Fungi of Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) as a Biofungicide for Controlling Anthracnose in Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) Aji, Aji; Sidiq, Roni Maulana; Agustin, Gina Sonia; Sari, Serly Marsita; Hamdayani, Annisa; Benatar, Gilang Vaza
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8576

Abstract

Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. has reduced red chili production in Indonesia, thus requiring control measures that can suppress anthracnose in a more environmentally friendly manner. This research aims to explore the potential of rhizosphere fungi from kirinyuh as a biological agent in controlling anthracnose disease in red chili peppers. (Capsicum annuum L.). Isolates found in the rhizosphere of kirinyuh were identified and then tested for hypersensitivity, in vitro, and in vivo. Eleven rhizosphere fungal isolates from kirinyuh were suspected to belong to the genera Penicillium, Blastomyces, Sepedonium, Aspergillus, Tricladium, and Rhizoctonia, and did not show pathogenicity traits on plants based on hypersensitivity tests. The results of in vitro tests show that the isolate with code CRKF can suppress the growth of Colletotrichum by up to 46%. Meanwhile, in in vivo tests, the CRKA isolate (Penicillium) was able to reduce the intensity of attacks by 13%, the CRKH isolate effectively reduced fruit shrinkage, and the CRKI isolate was proven to slow down the incubation period by up to 4 HSI.
Leaf morphology and anatomy of Rhizophora apiculata Blume. in Different Zonation of Sukadana Mangrove Tourism Fitri, Anjelina; Zakiah, Zulfa; Rafdinal, Rafdinal
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8582

Abstract

Rhizophora apiculata is a mangrove species that lives in coastal areas. Differences in zoning will affect the growth of mangroves both morphologically and anatomically. This study aims to determine the morphological and anatomical characteristics of R. apiculata leaves in different zones. The research method used is descriptive method. Zone A is the zone near the sea water and zone B is the zone away from the water. Morphological observations were made directly, while anatomical observations were made through making preparations with the embedding method. Observations of leaf area parameters of R. apiculata in zone A showed a larger leaf area (83.11 ± 6.07cm2) compared to zone B (63.95 ± 8.61cm2). R. apiculata leaves in zone B had a higher number of stomata (24.42±5.60mm2) and stomatal density (124.43±28.43 cells/mm2) than zone A, which had a higher number of stomata (17.44±5.99mm2) and stomatal density (88.87±30.44 cells/mm2). Mesophyll tissue thickness parameters showed no significant difference between zone A and zone B. Parameters of salt glands showed significant differences between zone A and zone B. The results of the study, it can be concluded that differences in mangrove zones provide different responses and adaptations to the morphology and anatomy of R. apiculata leaves.
Ethnozoological Study of Malay Tribal Communities in Mersam Village, Batanghari District Putri, Andini Faizatul; Sukmono, Tedjo; Nugraha, Anggit Prima
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8594

Abstract

Mersam Village is located in Mersam District, Batanghari Regency, and has many local wisdoms that are still preserved to this day. The Malay tribe, as the indigenous group, is the primary source of local wisdom in this village. This study aims to identify the species of animals used, describe traditional practices, outline community knowledge, and analyze the reasons why the community continues to maintain these utilization activities. The research method employed is a qualitative descriptive approach, which includes stages of preliminary surveys, interviews, participatory and non-participatory observations, and documentation. The selection of informants used purposive sampling techniques for key informants and snowball sampling techniques for general informants. Documentation and identification of samples were conducted in the field. The results of this study indicate that ethnozoology in Mersam Village utilizes 32 animals species. Ethnozoology in Mersam Village related to consumption utilizes five species, which include customary meanings and unique processing methods. Ethnozoology in Mersam Village in terms of medicine utilizes 17 species, based on hereditary knowledge through treatments provided by shamans. Ethnozoology in Mersam Village as a customary tradition utilizes five species, including practices that are only carried out in Mersam Village and must adhere to customary norms. Ethnozoology in Mersam Village as a sign or symbol utilizes 18 species, which are believed to represent good or bad omens. Additionally, there are 11 customary traditions that utilize animals.
Exploration of Secondary Metabolite from Endophytic Microorganisms in Java Ginseng Root as Antifungals Windiastuti, Erviyana; Wahyuni, Sri; Manik, Visi Tinta; Sunarya, Yaya; Hartini, Elya
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8603

Abstract

The emergence and spread of pathogens is one of agriculture's problems. Rhizopus stolonifer is the pathogen to be on the lookout for because it causes rhizopus loose rot disease. The pathogen must be dealt with immediately because it can result in losses of up to 40%. Integrated plant disease management (IPDM) is the approach being promoted. The application of biological agents or biocontrol is one solution that supports IPDM. The challenge is met by biological agents through the production of secondary metabolites. The endophytic microorganisms found in Java ginseng (Talinum triangulare) are one source of secondary metabolites. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether endophytic microorganisms in Javanese ginseng roots have the ability to combat the pathogen R. stolonifer. The experimental method involved analyzing the secondary metabolite from the endophytic microorganism in ginseng in vitro. phytochemical and zone of inhibition were the two types of test that were being performed. The obtained result was a set of extract that contains triterpenoid and alkaloid. In addition, extract B (FN-1) had the strongest inhinbitiom zone against R. stolonifer.
Effectiveness of Carica Papaya Leaves and Tinospora Crispa Stems Against Paracoccus Marginatus in Eucalyptus Nursery Irfani, Ewi; Aditia, Windy Sukma; Mardhiansyah, M.; Pebriandi, Pebriandi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8605

Abstract

One of the pests that attacks Eucalyptus pellita is Paracoccus marginatus. Currently, chemical pesticides are used to control these pests, which can harm health and the environment. As a result, we need a more environmentally friendly alternative biopesticides that comes from a combination of Carica papaya leaf and Tinospora crispa stem extracts. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Carica papaya leaf and Tinospora crispa stem extracts on Paracoccus marginatus pests in eucalyptus nurseries and to determine the best concentration for controlling Paracoccus marginatus pestsThe experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of different concentrations of Carica papaya leaf and Tinospora crispa stem extracts (20, 40, 60, and 80 g/l). This was followed by a DNMRT test at 5% confidence level. The results showed that the combination of Carica papaya leaf and Tinospora crispa stem extracts significantly affected Paracoccus marginatus mortality. The best concentration of the extract mixture was 80 g/l, which resulted in the fastest mortality rate, with an LT50 of 26.41 hours and 100% total mortality.
Effect of Ecoenzyme Addition on Corn-Based Trichoderma asperellum Formula on Spore Count Tarigan, Siti Nadiah Zahra Br; Anhar, Azwir; Farma, Sisca Alicia; Violita, Violita
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8607

Abstract

Trichoderma asperellum is recognized as an effective biocontrol agent and plant growth promoter, playing a vital role in sustainable agriculture. To enhance the efficacy of Trichoderma formulations, ecoenzyme supplementation has been proposed as a promising approach. This study investigated the effect of ecoenzyme supplementation on the spore count of corn-based Trichoderma asperellum formulations. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with five treatments and five replicates, and spore counts were assessed under varying concentrations of ecoenzyme (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%). The results indicated that a 60% ecoenzyme concentration significantly increased the spore count, reaching a maximum of 252.32 × 10⁶ spores. However, higher concentrations (80%) resulted in a decreased spore count (174.88 × 10⁶), which was similar to that of the control (172.6 × 10⁶), likely due to toxic effects or nutrient imbalances. These findings highlight the importance of selecting the optimal ecoenzyme concentration to maximize the spore count of Trichoderma asperellum, thereby contributing to more effective biocontrol and biofertilizer applications in sustainable agricultural practices.

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