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INDONESIA
Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 14119587     EISSN : 25497863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Cetak 1411-9587 dan ISSN Online 2549-7863) diterbitkan mulai tahun 2000 dengan frekuensi 2 kali setahun oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi PMIPA FKIP Universitas Mataram, berisi hasil penelitian dan ulasan Ilmiah dalam bidang Biologi Sains.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,520 Documents
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Comprehensive Review of Antihypertensive Therapy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management Yuar, Alana Akmal
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10470

Abstract

Hypertension is fundamentally defined as a medical condition characterized by persistent elevations in systemic blood pressure. Various approaches to address hypertension include pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. This literature review aims to comprehensively review antihypertensive therapy: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. This article was compiled using a literature review method and developed using the PRISMA approach. The findings indicate that hypertension therapy can be carried out in two ways: pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Non-pharmacological therapy through lifestyle interventions is not only effective in lowering blood pressure but also provides overall health benefits. The main components of non-pharmacological interventions include dietary modification, physical activity, weight management, and cessation of detrimental habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Pharmacological therapy is based on two main factors: blood pressure levels and the patient's total cardiovascular risk profile. Modern treatment strategies strongly recommend the use of combination therapy as an initial step in most patients. The recommended combination is a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocker (ACE inhibitor or ARB) with a calcium channel blocker (CCB) or a diuretic. A new and emerging pharmacological approach is more comprehensive RAAS inhibition. In conclusion, hypertension therapy can be carried out in 2 ways, namely non-pharmacological therapy and pharmacological therapy.
The Diversity of Butterflies in Narmada Park, West Lombok Regency Mirnawati, Mirnawati; Muhlis, Muhlis; Ilhamdi, Mohammad Liwa
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10534

Abstract

One of Indonesia’s biodiversity components is the insect group. Insects (Insecta) represent the largest group of animals, accounting for about one-quarter of all known animal species on Earth. Among them, beetles and butterflies are the most diverse, largely influenced by the availability of host plants as an energy source. This study aimed to determine the diversity, dominance, and evenness of butterfly species in Narmada Park, West Lombok Regency, and to explore their potential as enrichment material for Animal Ecology practicum. The research was conducted at two observation sites one dominated by flowering plants and the other by trees using a survey method with purposive sampling and a sweeping net technique. The results recorded 122 butterfly individuals comprising 13 species from four families: Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Papilionidae, and Pieridae. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) was 2.50937 (moderate category), Simpson’s dominance index (D) was 0.085595, and Pielou’s evenness index (E) was 0.978331. The measured environmental factors included temperature (31.7°C), humidity (67.5%), and light intensity (385 Cd). The moderate diversity and high evenness indicate a relatively stable habitat condition that supports the existence of butterflies in the area.
Distribution and Sign of Otter Presence Across Rice Fields in 2x11 Kayu Tanam, West Sumatra Sidik, Muhamad Rayhan; Aadrean, Aadrean; Nurdin, Jabang; Roesma, Dewi Imelda; Usio, Nisikawa
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.9602

Abstract

Otters (subfamily Lutrinae) consist of 13 species distributed worldwide; however, their populations have been steadily declining due to land-use changes and hunting, while information on their presence in the rice fields of 2x11 Kayu Tanam District remains undocumented. This study was conducted with the objective of identifying and document tracks and signs of otter presence in the rice fields of 2x11 Kayu Tanam District. The research was conducted from November 2023 to February 2024 using a field survey method by observing tracks, spraints, and prey remains to determine the distribution of otter signs. Based on the distribution of tracks and signs found, it is suspected that only one species occurs in the area, namely Aonyx cinereus (small-clawed otter). The presence of Aonyx cinereus in the rice fields of 2x11 Kayu Tanam District was confirmed through tracks and other signs of activity. These findings provide a foundation for further research on otter ecology in rice field ecosystems and highlight the importance of conservation efforts to sustain their habitats.
Diversity of Predatory Arthropods on Sweet Corn (Zea Mays L. Saccharata Sturt) in Telagawaru West Lombok Utomo, Sandrina Mayreva; Haryanto, Hery; Nikmatullah, Aluh
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.9767

Abstract

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) is an important crop in Indonesia but remains vulnerable to pest attacks that lower its productivity. Excessive reliance on chemical pesticides raises environmental and resistance concerns. This study aims to explore the diversity of predatory insects as natural enemies of pests in sweet corn fields in Telagawaru Village, Labuapi Sub-district, West Lombok. The research was conducted from November 2024 to January 2025 in two cultivation sites. A descriptive method using field surveys and laboratory identification was applied. Observations were carried out using purposive sampling within five 5×5 m blocks per field, at five intervals between 30–50 days after planting. Pitfall and yellow pan traps were used for 24-hour sampling. Data were analyzed using Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), evenness index (E), and dominance index (D). Results revealed 1,234 predator individuals from five orders, 19 families, and 31 genera. H’ was 1.909 (moderate), E was 0.2327 (low), and D was 0.2129 (low). It can be concluded that sweet corn fields in the study area have moderate predator diversity with low dominance. Further long-term monitoring is recommended to support ecological pest control strategies by understanding predator dynamics across environmental and agricultural factors.
Optimization of Eye Shadow Powder Formula Preparation of Buni Fruit Extract (Antidesma bunius L. Spreng) as Natural Dye Lestari, Neli Aulia; Hajrin, Wahida; Pratiwi, Eskarani Tri
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10140

Abstract

The use of synthetic dyes in cosmetics can cause side effects such as allergies. Therefore, the presence of natural dyes such as anthocyanins from berries is a safer alternative for the community. However, the stability of anthocyanins as natural dyes can be affected by pH. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum concentration of citric acid and tartaric acid in eyeshadow powder preparations as pH stabilizers using the Simplex Lattice Design method. The research method used the sonication method. Then, the formulation results from running SLD were carried out and evaluated for particle size, adhesiveness, and pH. Data analysis used SLD to obtain the optimum formula. Then, the evaluation was carried out as before with additional evaluations of organoleptic tests, homogeneity and polish. Furthermore, the data were verified statistically with a one-sample t-test. The results obtained an extract yield of 22.9% and a positive anthocyanin content. Based on the SLD method, the optimum formula was obtained with a citric acid concentration of 1.49% and a tartaric acid concentration of 0.508%. Verification of the optimum formula showed no significant difference between the experimental response and the predicted response with a pH value of 5.75 ± 0.12; adhesive power of 11.66 ± 1.52%; and particle size of 126.32 ± 2.02 μm. The conclusion is that the optimum formula produces good physical characteristics and the verification results show agreement between the predicted response and the experimental results.
Forest Biomass Modeling Based on Landsat-8 Spectral Indices Using Google Earth Engine Pangestu, Agung Yoga; Al Amin, Septian Faris; Sari, Nurika Arum; Hasibuan, Mhd Muhajir
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10266

Abstract

Estimating forest biomass is essential for sustainable forest management and carbon monitoring. This study aimed to develop an aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation model by integrating multispectral Landsat-8 OLI imagery and field measurements in a 95.76 ha rehabilitation area near Rindam II Sriwijaya, Muara Enim, South Sumatra. Field data were collected using the National Forest Inventory Protocol, recording tree diameter and height to calculate AGB through species-specific allometric equations. Several vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI, SAVI, MSAVI, RVI, TVI, NDWI) were derived and analyzed on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to identify the most responsive spectral indicator for biomass estimation.The analysis showed that AGB and carbon stocks varied across the rehabilitation site, reflecting differences in stand structure and vegetation moisture. Among all tested indices, NDWI demonstrated the highest correlation with AGB, indicating its effectiveness in capturing canopy water content and biomass variation under humid, mixed-vegetation conditions. These results emphasize the potential of GEE-based vegetation indices as a cost-efficient and replicable approach for monitoring biomass in tropical rehabilitation forests. NDWI proved to be the most suitable index for modeling forest biomass, offering a practical reference for applying similar remote sensing methods in other tropical regions to support large-scale forest carbon assessments
Ratio of X And Y Spermatozoa in Ettawa Crossbred Goats Separated Using The Egg White Albumin Column Sedimentation Method Kurniawati, Aita; Sumadiasa, I Wayan Lanus; Yuliani, Enny
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10283

Abstract

Reproduction is one of the important factors in efforts to increase livestock productivity, especially in breeding and genetic improvement programs. This sperm separation technique can be perforsmed using various methods, one of which is using an egg white albumin gradient medium that functions to separate spermatozoa based on differences in weight and speed of movement. This study aimed to determine the ratio of X and Y spermatozoa in Ettawa crossbred goats separated using the egg white albumen method. The material used in this study was fresh semen from PE goats. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three egg white content treatments: (P1): 5% and 25%, (P2): 10% and 30%, and (P3): 15% and 35%. The parameters observed were the X and Y spermatozoa ratio, motility, and viability. Post-separation, in data analysis, the highest proportion of X and Y spermatozoa was found in treatment P2, namely 59.70±5.55% (X) and 40.30±5.55% (Y) in the upper layer and 40.40±6.89% (X) and 59.60±6.89% (Y) in the lower layer. The analysis results showed that the highest average percentage of PE goat spermatozoa motility was found in the top and bottom layers in the P2 treatment, namely (81.10 ± 1.37% and 80.50 ± 1.50%), and the lowest motility was found in the P3 treatment, namely (80.50 ± 1.50% and 79.90 ± 1.66%). In addition, the highest percentage of viability was found in the top and bottom layers in the P2 treatment, namely (82.40 ± 1.83% and 83.10 ± 1.66%). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the ratio of X and Y spermatozoa in Ettawa crossbred goats with three treatments. P2 concentrations of 10% and 30% were proven effective for separating X and Y spermatozoa.
Analysis of Thresher Shark (Alopias pelagicus) Conservation Policy and the Role of Local Communities in Conservation in Indonesian Waters Soares, Yohanes; Bunyani, Nur Aini; Finmeta, Abdonia W.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10293

Abstract

The population of the pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus) in Indonesian waters continues to decline due to intense fishing pressure and weak implementation of conservation policies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Indonesia’s thresher shark conservation policies and to assess the role of local communities in supporting conservation efforts. A qualitative descriptive approach was applied through literature review, policy document analysis, and interviews with relevant stakeholders, including fishers, local authorities, and conservation organizations. Data were analyzed using content analysis to identify gaps between policy formulation and field implementation. The findings show that although national regulations protect A. pelagicus, their enforcement remains limited due to inadequate monitoring, lack of public awareness, and insufficient livelihood alternatives for fishers. Local communities possess significant potential to contribute to conservation through community-based monitoring and marine ecotourism initiatives. The study concludes that successful conservation of the thresher shark requires stronger synergy between national policies and local initiatives. Key recommendations include strengthening community capacity, enhancing law enforcement, and developing sustainable economic incentives that support conservation.
Classification and Mapping of Mangrove Biodiversity as a Bioindicator of Environmental Degradation Johari, Harry Irawan
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10310

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems function as buffers against coastal abrasion, blue-carbon sinks, and habitats for coastal biota; their structural condition can be read as a bioindicator of environmental degradation. This study portrays the condition of mangroves in Lembar, West Lombok by analyzing station-level summaries (Stations I–III) using a descriptive–comparative approach to the number (Σ) of units per stratum (trees–poles–seedlings), aggregate basal area (units following the summary sheet), and species composition. The data were processed directly from the worksheet (February 2025) without normalization to m²/ha or calculation of diversity indices due to the absence of plot area and per-individual data. The results show Station II had the highest counts of trees (91) and poles (49) with seedlings (26); Station I was slightly lower (trees 90; poles 46; seedlings 31); and Station III was the lowest (trees 25; poles 22; seedlings 14). The aggregate basal-area pattern per stratum is consistent and confirms the dominance of stand structure at Station II. The composition of five species is consistent across all stations Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa, R. mucronata, R. apiculata, and Sonneratia alba indicating a functioning microhabitat gradient. The discussion interprets structural indicators (Σ and basal area) as simple bioindicators: Station II reflects a lower risk of degradation, Station I an intermediate risk, and Station III a higher risk. Stand structure and species composition are effective operational bioindicators for setting management priorities—Station III as a target for intervention (pressure reduction/rehabilitation), Station II to be maintained through protection and monitoring, and Station I to be managed adaptively; going forward, normalizing basal area to m²/ha, computing H′/J′, and measuring pressure parameters are needed to strengthen comparability.
The Effect of Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria on Expired Cosmetics: A Literature Review Aghni, Hasna Tazkia; Putri, Nadya Armelisa
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10325

Abstract

The use of cosmetics has become a daily necessity for modern society, both for men and women. However, cosmetic products that have passed their expiration date have the potential to become a medium for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, one of which is Enterococcus faecalis. This gram-positive bacterium is capable of forming biofilms on the surface of cosmetics, thereby increasing its resistance to the host's immune system and various antibiotics. Contamination of expired cosmetics with Enterococcus faecalis can cause mild symptoms such as skin irritation, acne, and itching, as well as severe complications like meningitis and septicemia. Additionally, the antibiotic resistance possessed by this bacterium exacerbates clinical risks and complicates treatment. Therefore, understanding the dangers of using expired cosmetics is crucial for raising public awareness. Prevention can be achieved by paying attention to product shelf life, maintaining applicator hygiene, and avoiding the use of cosmetics that have passed their expiration date.

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