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Kota mataram,
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INDONESIA
Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 14119587     EISSN : 25497863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Cetak 1411-9587 dan ISSN Online 2549-7863) diterbitkan mulai tahun 2000 dengan frekuensi 2 kali setahun oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi PMIPA FKIP Universitas Mataram, berisi hasil penelitian dan ulasan Ilmiah dalam bidang Biologi Sains.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,722 Documents
 269   270   271   272   273 
Diversity of Rhizosphere Fungi Originating from Cocoa and Mahogany Plants in Tanuntung Village Bau Mirta; Muh. Noor Amin Sholeh; Muhlizha Azhari Nur; Mita Yusri
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11831

Abstract

Cocoa and mahogany are plantation crops that are often intercropped on the same agricultural land and are widely cultivated in Bulukumba, South Sulawesi including in the village of Tanuntung, Hero Lange-lange Subdistrict because they hold promising economic value; in the field of soil science, they can even be used to assess fungal diversity  in the root zone as an indicator of soil fertility. In the fields of soil science and agricultural science, fungi are organisms that act as decomposers and biological agents and are capable of forming mutualistic symbiotic relationships with certain plant organs, such as roots. Therefore, this study aims to observe and calculate the diversity of rhizosphere fungi from cocoa and mahogany plants in Tanuntung Village with the hope of providing an important picture of the complexity of the microbial ecosystem around the root area and its correlation to soil fertility. The research method used was exploratory descriptive research, which involved collecting soil samples in the village of Tanuntung, followed by fungal isolation, fungal identification, screening of isolates, and analysis of rhizosphere fungal diversity. The results of the study showed that the calculation of the IKC value in the cocoa and mahogany rhizosphere was included in the high criteria with the IKC value obtained being 1.24 (cocoa) and 1.20 (mahogany). And based on the results of the identification carried out, the cocoa and mahogany rhizospheres have a diversity of fungi from the same species, namely from the genus Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. but the total number of fungi is different. With the high diversity of rhizosphere fungi, it proves that there is a good mutualistic symbiosis in the soil around the root area with fungi, which can also be used as a reference to determine good soil biological quality.
Comparative Effectiveness of Biofertilizer and EM4 in Organic Waste Biodegradation in Soil Fasya Nurul Fachriah; Anisa Ramadani; Dinar Febbyana; Hijrah Nurkholifah; Farhah Auliya; Jherty Sinaga; Amalianneisha Rafadewi Andhanatami Putri
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11839

Abstract

The increasing accumulation of household organic waste poses serious environmental challenges due to inadequate management practices. Biological degradation using microbial activators is considered an effective and environmentally friendly approach to accelerate organic waste decomposition. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of biofertilizer and Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM4) in enhancing the biodegradation of household organic waste in soil media. The research employed a simple experimental method with three treatments: control without activator, addition of biofertilizer, and addition of EM4. Organic waste was layered with soil and incubated for four weeks, with periodic observations of physical changes, including aroma, color, waste condition, and residual decomposition. The results showed that EM4 treatment exhibited the most effective biodegradation, characterized by reduced waste residue, brownish-black color, and an earthy aroma. Biofertilizer enhanced biodegradation relative to the control, though the process proceeded more gradually due to microbial adaptation. In contrast, the control treatment demonstrated the slowest degradation rate. In conclusion, the application of microbial activators, particularly EM4, significantly enhances the biodegradation of organic waste in soil media. It is recommended that EM4 be utilized as an alternative, eco-friendly strategy for household organic waste management, with attention to environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and moisture to optimize microbial activity.
Population Structure of Mangrove Snails (Terebralia sulcata) Around the Nickel Mining Area of Pomalaa, Southeast Sulawesi Muhammad Fajar Purnama; Farid Yasidi; Dedy Oetama; Haslianti Haslianti; Salwiyah Salwiyah; La Ode Abdul Rajab Nadia
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11850

Abstract

Nickel mining in Pomalaa, Southeast Sulawesi, potentially alters mangrove ecological dynamics, specifically affecting benthic biota. This study analyzes the population structure of the mangrove snail (Terebralia sulcata) using purposive systematic sampling across reference, transition, and mining-impacted zones. Data were collected via transect quadrat methods (5x5 m²) during January 2024–January 2025. Water quality analysis indicated significant elevations in dissolved Ni and organic loads (COD/BOD) in impacted areas. Population structure revealed a unimodal distribution dominated by the 35–45 mm class, with limited juvenile recruitment in stressed sites. The length-weight relationship (LWR) exhibited a strong negative allometric pattern (b = 2.02), indicating faster shell length growth as an adaptive response to environmental stressors. Despite a stable condition factor (Kn = 1.124), spatial disparities were evident through a progressive decline in density and biomass toward impacted stations. This study provides a significant scientific contribution by establishing T. sulcata as a sensitive bioindicator for nickel pollution. The findings emphasize that mining-derived stressors negatively correlate with biological performance, highlighting the necessity for policy-driven bioindicator monitoring and the integration of benthic health assessments into coastal management protocols within nickel industrial zones to mitigate long-term ecological degradation.
Identification of Rhizospheric Bacterial Diversity in Mangrove Ecosystems in Tanah Laut Regency Nisrina Ramadhani; Guruh Mayka Putra; Akhmad Rizali
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11879

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystem is rich in rhizosphere bacteria that support the nutrient cycle and environmental balance. This study aims to identify the diversity of rhizosphere bacteria from mangrove soils in Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan. Samples were taken from three types of mangrove density tight, medium, and rare, at depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm. Tiered dilution to level 10-8, dilution level 10-5 to 10-8 are inoculated on NA media and purified. The purification results obtained a total of 29 isolats, in the dense mangrove type there were 14 isolats, medium mangroves 8 isolats, and rare mangroves 7 isolats. Morphological analysis showed macroscopic variation with round, entire, undulate, and irregular colony margins. There are white, yellow, beige, and orange colors. Elevation consists of flat, raised, to convex. The size of the colony is small to moderate. Microscopic analysis based on the results of gram staining there are groups with positive and negatif grams, in the form of coccus cells, bacillus, and coccobacillus. Growth assays on pH 3, 5, 7, and 9 indicated optimal growth at pH 7, with strong inhibition at pH 3. These results confirm that there is a high level of diversity of mangrove rhizosphere bacteria.
Virtual Screening of the Antibacterial Compound Paenibacillus polymyxa against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Andre Chandra; Zhafirah Amalia; Lusiana Hidayati; Megifa Putri Adinale; Loekas Soesanto
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11894

Abstract

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), threatens rice productivity by up to 80%, making it necessary to develop environmentally friendly biopesticides derived from the secondary metabolites of Paenibacillus polymyxa. This study aims to screen potential antibacterial compounds against three key target proteins: Ketol-acid reductoisomerase (ilvC), Protein nucleotidyltransferase (ydiU), and CTP synthase (pyrG). These targets were evaluated in two specific bacterial strains, PXO99A (where ydiU is identified as TAL effector protein PthXo1) and MAFF 311918. The screening was conducted using PyRx-based molecular docking to assess binding affinities and ADMET analysis to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of the candidates. In silico methods include ligand preparation from PubChem, docking, Discovery Studio visualization, and SwissADME and Deep-PK predictions. The results showed that Fusaricidin A had the highest affinity (–7.9 kcal/mol at ydiU PXO99A), Polymyxin B was universally stable due to its amphipathic nature allowing flexible adaptation to all active sites (–6.8 to –7.4 kcal/mol), and Paenibacillin A was the safest (non-mutagenic, biodegradable, low irritation). This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of Paenibacillus polymyxa antibacterial compounds as safe and precise biopesticidal agents in sustainable agricultural systems.
Microplastic Pollution in Indonesian Waters: Characteristics, Ecological Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies Fathun Rahman; Fitri Afifah Nasution; Nadya Nadya; Firdus Firdus; Alia Rizki; Muhammad Nasir
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11897

Abstract

Microplastic pollution in waters poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the variations in microplastic types based on shape and polymer, abundance, impacts on aquatic biota, and solutions through literature reviews from various sources. The results indicate that microplastic pollution has spread widely from western to eastern Indonesia. The highest abundance was found in areas with high population density and anthropogenic activity, such as Banten Bay, Jakarta Bay, and the South Coast of Java. Microplastic forms are dominated by fragments, fibers, films, and foams. Polymer identification shows a dominance of PP and PE as well as specific industrial polymers. The impact of contamination occurs on various biota, from fish to invertebrates, causing decreased nutritional quality, digestive damage, and metabolic disorders. Mitigation includes reducing single-use plastics, improving waste management, Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) technology, bioremediation, as well as the role of the community and government policies.
Mechanical Properties of Whey–Pectin Edible Films: The Role of Plasticizer Type Fahrullah Fahrullah; Rabyatul Auliah; Wahid Yulianto; Baiq Rani Dewi Wulandani; Bulkaini Bulkaini; Djoko Kisworo; Sukirno Sukirno
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11900

Abstract

Whey protein has been identified as a potential film-forming material; however, its mechanical properties are limited. The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of plasticizer type on the mechanical properties of edible films composed of whey-pectin. This study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of three types of plasticizers, namely sorbitol, glycerol, and polyethylene glycol. The obtained data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and when significant differences were observed, Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was subsequently applied. The findings demonstrated that the type of plasticizer exerted a negligible influence (P > 0.05) on film thickness, which ranged from 0.15 to 0.16 mm. However, the type of plasticizer had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on tensile strength and elongation. The highest tensile strength was obtained with sorbitol, whereas the highest elongation was obtained with polyethylene glycol. The findings of this study suggest the existence of a trade-off relationship between tensile strength and elongation. Sorbitol has been demonstrated to produce a strong film, while polyethylene glycol has been shown to enhance flexibility.
Chlorophyll Response in Ipomoea reptans Leaves to Liquid Organic Fertilizer Application from Vegetable Waste Mega Nofitri Ikhwan; Prapti Sedijani; Rubiyatna Sakaroni
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11905

Abstract

Modern agricultural practices that use synthetic inorganic fertilizers excessively and uncontrolled can disrupt the soil’s ecological balance, reduce microbial activity, and disrupt plant physiological processes, so that the development of alternative, environmentally friendly fertilizers is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological response of Ipomoea reptans to the application of LOF derived from vegetable waste, using leaf chlorophyll content and vegetative growth parameters as indicators. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatments consisting of combinations of NPK fertilizer and LOF at different concentrations. The observed parameters included the number of leaves, leaf area, and chlorophyll content, and the data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test and Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that the application vegetable-waste LOF tended to enhance the vegetative growth of Ipomoea reptans, with the highest number of leaves and leaf area observed in treatment N0P3 (0 g NPK + 60 ml LOF). However, statistical analysis indicated that most treatments did not differ significantly at the 5% significance level. Chlorophyll content also did not differ significantly among treatments, although the highest value was recorded in treatment N0P2 (40 ml LOF without NPK). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a very weak and non-significant relationship between leaf number and chlorophyll content (r = −0.019; p = 0.916; n = 32) and between leaf area and chlorophyll content (r = −0.045; p = 0.807; n = 32). Based on data, there is a tendency to increase vegetative growth with vegetable waste-based LOF, although statistically there is no significant difference. These findings indicate that vegetable waste-based LOF has the potential to be developed as an environmentally friendly alternative fertilizer to support sustainable cultivation and improve understanding of plant physiological responses during vegetative growth.
Life History and Exploitation Status of Savalai Hairtail (Lepturacanthus savala) from Lampung Bay Waters David Julian; Muhammad Reza; Muhamad Gilang Arindra Putra
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11924

Abstract

The savalai hairtail (Lepturacanthus savala) is a commercially valuable demersal species in the coastal ecosystems of Teluk Lampung, where increasing fishing pressure has raised concerns regarding stock sustainability. This study assessed the life history characteristics and exploitation level of the species to support sustainable fisheries management. An overall number of 347 individuals were obtained from fishing port between May and August 2023. Length-frequency data were analyzed utilizing the TropFishR package with the electronic length frequency analysis (ELEFAN) approach. The results showed that the population exhibits relative growth, consistent with tropical fish characteristics. However, fishing mortality significantly exceeded natural mortality, signifying intense fishing efforts on the stock. The utilization rate has exceeded the optimum level, indicating overexploitation, while biological indicators revealed that many individuals were captured prior to attaining adequate reproductive size, posing a threat of recruitment overfishing. These findings demonstrate that the savalai hairtail stock in Teluk Lampung is not sustainable under current exploitation levels. Immediate management actions, including controlling fishing effort, improving gear selectivity, and protecting immature fish, are urgently required to guarantee the long-term viability and stop additional stock depletion of fisheries resources in Teluk Lampung.
The Effect of Seawater Exposure on Osmoregulation Physiology in Gourami Fish (Osphronemus goramy) I Wayan Merta; Kusmiyati Kusmiyati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11977

Abstract

Fundamentally, osmoregulation is a complex physiological process that functions to regulate the concentration of body fluids, including the balance of water and electrolytes (ions), in order to remain in a state of homeostasis even when the external environment experiences dynamic fluctuations. This study aims to analyze the effect of seawater exposure on the osmoregulatory physiology of gourami fish (Osphronemus goramy) through observations of survival endurance at various seawater concentrations. This research is an experimental study, with one control group and three treatment groups, each treatment group replicated 10 times. The parameter observed is the duration of survival of the gourami fish in each treatment. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and further tested with the Games-Howell test. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant effect of seawater exposure on the osmoregulatory physiology of gourami fish (p < 0.05). This study concludes that there is a significant effect of seawater exposure on the osmoregulatory physiology of gourami fish (Osphronemus goramy). Increasing seawater concentration causes a significant decrease in the survival rate of gourami fish.

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