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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,956 Documents
 180   181   182   183   184 
LC-HRMS-Based Metabolomics Approach Reveals Antioxidant Compounds from Centella asiatica Leaves Extracts Silvia, Riva; Wahyuni, Wulan Tri; Rohaeti, Eti; Aisyah, Siti; Septaningsih, Dewi Anggraini; Karomah, Alfi Hudatul; Rafi, Mohamad
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.90782

Abstract

Centella asiatica is a medicinal plant widely used as a traditional medicine due to several biological activities, such as antioxidants in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the active antioxidant compounds of C. asiatica leaves extract using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics approach. Extracts were prepared using different concentrations of ethanol p.a., i.e. 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, 30% ethanol, and water. Antioxidant activity was tested using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The results showed the highest antioxidant activity was C. asiatica extracted by 70% ethanol with IC50 of 72.48 ± 2.42 µg/mL. The positive control was ascorbic acid, having an IC50 value of 3.38 ± 0.04 µg/mL. Ascorbic acid and 70% ethanol extract have strong antioxidant activity. Metabolite profiling using LC-MS/MS could identify 35 metabolites consisting of flavonoids, fatty acids, phenolics, terpenes, and several other groups of compounds. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis classified the metabolites into active (ethanol 70% and ethanol 50%) and inactive (ethanol p.a., ethanol 30%, and water) antioxidants. Five metabolites have potential as antioxidants, namely 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (11), kaempferol (13), and three unknown compounds.
Preparation and Characterization of Encapsulated Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oils in Alginate/Chitosan Complexes Using Ion-Gel Technique Pham, Huynh Mai; Nguyen, Thuong Nhan Phu; Van, Chi Khang; Mai, Huynh Cang
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.91251

Abstract

In this study, the alginate/chitosan complexes were prepared to encapsulate lemongrass essential oils (Cymbopogon citratus). Essential oils are secondary metabolites that are easily changed under environmental influences (temperature, pH, light). This research opened a new line in protecting essential oils from adverse effects from the surrounding environment. The ion-gel encapsulation technique combined with alginate/chitosan complexes has been applied to encapsulate C. citratus essential oil. The factors were surveyed including homogenization time (10–20 min), concentration of Tween 80 (0–5% w/w), concentration of sodium alginate (1.5–3.5% w/v), concentration of essential oils (20–40% w/w), concentration of CaCl2 (1.0–2.5% w/v), concentration of chitosan (0.5–2.0%), and pH of chitosan solution (4–6). The properties of products have been determined including moisture content as 80.39%, encapsulation yield as 98.79%, encapsulation efficiency as 88.74% with homogenization time as 15 min, concentration of Tween 80 as 1.5%, concentration of sodium alginate as 2.5% (w/v), concentration of essential oils as 30% (w/w), concentration of CaCl2 as 2.5% (w/v), concentration of chitosan as 2.0% (w/w), and pH chitosan solution as 5. The main chemical compositions of essential oils before and after encapsulation, such as citral, myrcene, and limonene, have still remained.
Synthesis of Aragonite from Precipitated Calcium Carbonate: A Pilot Scale Study Sari, Ellyta; Desmiarti, Reni; Zulhadjri, Zulhadjri; Alif, Matlal Fajri; Rosadi, Maulana Yusup; Arief, Syukri
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.92169

Abstract

The CO2 mineralization pathway is considered a promising option for carbon capture usage and storage because the captured CO2 can be permanently stored, and secondly industrial waste (i.e., petrochemical refinery, lime, and cement kiln dust) can be recycled into value-added carbonate materials by controlling the crystal polymorphs and properties of mineral carbonate. This study investigated the CO2 mineralization utilized for the synthesis of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) via low temperatures at 30 °C and 55 °C with the addition of 50 and 75 g/L of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The pilot scale of PCC production was established to simultaneously produce PCC with low energy demand by reporting the feasibility of economic analysis and to develop the mineral carbonation that can transform limestones and CO2, which was captured from the petrochemical refinery process into economically valuable PCC. It is found that the aragonite phase of PCC can be generated at a room temperature of 30 °C by adjusting the CO2 flow rate. In addition, the use of NH4Cl, which transformed into ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) during the calcination process, can maintain the stable aragonite phase by varying the NH4Cl concentration.
Antibacterial Activity and Molecular Docking of Compounds from Avicennia marina Leaves Extracts: Obtained by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Kartikaningsih, Hartati; Djamaludin, Heder; Audina, Nanda; Fauziyah, Jihan Nur
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.92444

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of using natural deep eutectic solvent in extracting compounds from young and old leaves of Avicennia marina on the antibacterial activity through in vitro and in silico. The research method used was experimental with different molar ratios of solvent components: citric acid and glucose (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 v/v). In vitro, the paper-disk method was employed to assess percent inhibition, and in silico, peptide deformylase (ID 6JFQ) was the target of the investigation. The best treatment results for testing the antibacterial activity of A. marina leaves extracts that were extracted using natural deep eutectic solvent against S. aureus and E. coli was citric acid and glucose (molar ratio 4:1). The inhibition zone by old leaves extracts was 27.47 and 37.73 mm, and by young leaves extracts were 28.69 and 30.99 mm. Then, phytochemical compound analysis was done using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and six phytochemical compounds were obtained. The docking results showed that the diosmetin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide has the best binding affinity (−9.4 kcal/mol) towards the peptide deformylase. Purification must be done to obtain pure compounds from crude extracts of A. marina leaves.
Optimizing Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Performance through Synergistic Natural Dye Combinations from Beta vulgaris L., Curcuma longa L., and Pandanus amaryllifolius Kusumawati, Nita; Setiarso, Pirim; Muslim, Supari; Zakiyah, Nafisatus; Rahmawati, Khofifatul; Fachrirakarsie, Fadlurachman Faizal
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.93830

Abstract

This study optimizes dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) performance using a combination of natural dye components extracted from Beta vulgaris L. (beetroot), Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), and Pandanus amaryllifolius (pandanus leaf). These plants were selected for their natural pigments—betacyanin, curcuminoids, and chlorophyll—which potentially act as DSSC sensitizers. Dyes were extracted via maceration with ethanol solvent (1:6 sample:solvent ratio) for 24 h. Filtrates were combined in various ratios to test DSSC performance. The optimal C4 dye combination, with a 2:1:1 ratio (betacyanin:curcumin:chlorophyll), demonstrated the best performance. The UV-vis analysis revealed complex interactions and synergistic effects among dye combinations, characterized by increased light absorption in the 400–700 nm range. Cyclic voltammetry analysis showed favorable energy band gap values, confirming the pigments' suitability for DSSC applications. FTIR analysis confirmed the stable coexistence of the three dyes without new bond formation. Photovoltaic performance testing showed the C4 three-dye combination achieved the highest energy conversion efficiency of 3.57%. These results demonstrate the potential of this dye combination to contribute to the development of sustainable and efficient solar energy conversion in DSSCs.
Immobilization of Cerium(IV) Oxide onto Reduced Graphene Oxide in Epoxy Resin Matrix as Radar Absorbing Composite for X-band Region Bolilanga, Patricya Inggrid Wilhelmina; Basuki, Rahmat; Apriliyanto, Yusuf Bramastya; Prasojo, Agus Eko; Lazuardy, Ardyan; Anitasari, Reza; Putri, Riyanti; Sasongko, Nugroho Adi; Santiko, Arief Budi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.94404

Abstract

The rGO/CeO2/epoxy composite has been successfully prepared as radar absorbing material (RAM) for the X-band (8–12 GHz) region. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) originated from pencil graphite oxide (GiO) was synthesized through the modified Hummer method. The synthesis of rGO/CeO2/epoxy was conducted by immobilization of cerium(IV) oxide into rGO (rGO/CeO2) via hydrothermal method and followed by composited the rGO/CeO2 with epoxy resin matrix. Morphological analysis by SEM-EDX indicates that the rGO/CeO2 structure appears to be a tangled layer of edges randomly aggregated, and CeO2 is uniformly anchored on the rGO surface. From the diffractogram result of the XRD instrument, rGO exhibits changes in crystallinity, indicating a transformation of the interlayer structure from multilayer GiO to a single layer of rGO. The presence of Ce–O was indicated at wavenumber 553 cm−1 of rGO/CeO2 by FTIR. The microwave absorbing performance of rGO/CeO2/epoxy conducted by vector network analyzer (VNA) showed that the RL value of the composite was −3.22 dB (47% of electromagnetic wave absorption) at a frequency of 9.25 GHz at the thickness of 1 mm composite. The composite has the promising prospect of being developed as a captivating candidate for the new type of microwave absorptive materials.
Determination of Chlorpromazine Using Molecular Imprinting Polymers in Different Sample Matrices Ammen, Eman Wajeh; Al-Bayati, Yehya Kamal
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.94705

Abstract

Antipsychotic drugs, including chlorpromazine, are frequently used to treat mental illnesses. However, prolonged exposure to even small amounts of the substance can accumulate and cause a potential human health risk. Thus, the selective and sensitive detection of these drugs is crucial. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are receptors that are designed to have a highly specific molecular recognition ability, which is the primary and crucial function of receptors. The synthesis of chlorpromazine-imprinted polymers involves the polymerization of functional monomers and cross-linkers in the presence of chlorpromazine as a template, followed by the removal of the template to create cavities with complementary binding sites. Various strategies, including bulk polymerization, free radical polymerization surface imprinting, and nanoimprinting, have been employed to fabricate chlorpromazine-molecular imprinted polymers with high affinity and selectivity. Characterization techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy are commonly employed to confirm the successful imprinting of chlorpromazine. The high selectivity of MIP toward templates enables them to be used in various applications like solid-phase extraction and chemical sensors, among others. The aim of this review is to present and highlight the various methods used to determine chlorpromazine based on molecular imprinting polymers in different samples.
Synthesis of Water-Soluble Menthol Derivatives Using Response Surface Methodology Nisar, Shafaq; Hanif, Muhammad Asif; Rashid, Umer; Jilani, Muhammad Idrees; Bhatti, Ijaz Ahmad; Ali, Imtiaz; Zieniuk, Bartłomiej
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.94761

Abstract

In this study, menthol was glycosylated with starch in the presence of α-amylase to produce menthyl maltoside (MenM) as the primary product. Optimization of the experimental parameters, including the menthol-starch ratio, enzyme concentration, temperature, and time, was performed using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM-generated model displayed adequate accuracy and reasonable predictability for the MenM yield under the specified experimental conditions. Under the optimized reaction conditions of the menthol-to-starch ratio of 1:3 (50 °C, 18 h) and enzyme concentration of 50 U, the highest yield of MenM (23.7%) was obtained. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies were employed to analyze the synthesized menthol derivative MenM. Compared with standard menthol, the synthesized menthol derivatives displayed various biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of RSM-optimized synthesis of MenM from the glycosylation of menthol with starch. This study showed that MenM is highly soluble in water and can be easily stored owing to its non-volatile nature.
One-Pot Synthesis and In Vitro Studies of Calix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene Derivatives as Antimalarial Agents Against Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine-Resistant Strain FCR-3 Nursofia, Baiq Ike; Kurniawan, Yehezkiel Steven; Jumina, Jumina; Pranowo, Harno Dwi; Sholikhah, Eti Nurwening; Julianus, Jeffry; Wibowo, Susalit Setya; Fatimi, Hana Anisa; Priastomo, Yoga; Priyangga, Krisfian Tata Aneka
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.94885

Abstract

Malaria is an endemic disease in Indonesia caused by infection from the Plasmodium parasite. Recently, antimalarial resistance significantly contributed to the decline in the cure rate of malaria sufferers. In this work, three calix[4]resorcinarenes have been synthesized from 2-methylresorcinol and different benzaldehyde derivatives, i.e., 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde through the one-pot synthesis procedure. The calix[4]resorcinarenes synthesis was done through a cyclo-condensation reaction by using HCl 37% as the catalyst and ethanol as the solvent in an one-pot reaction. The structures of the synthesized products were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared, proton-nuclear magnetic resonance, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The antimalarial activity assay was evaluated against the Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3 strain through an in vitro study. Three synthesized compounds, i.e., C-4-chlorophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene, C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene and C-4-dimethylaminophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene have been successfully synthesized in up to 97% yield. The C-4-chlorophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinerene exhibited the most potent antimalarial activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.66 µM against P. falciparum FCR-3 while the C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene and C-4-dimethylaminophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene gave the IC50 values of 23.63 and 13.82 µM, respectively. From the results, it could be concluded that the antimalarial activity of calix[4]-2-methylresorcinarenes was influenced by the type of substituent of aromatic rings at the para position.
Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Amomum Species Dinata, Deden Indra; Maharani, Rani; Muttaqin, Fauzan Zein; Supratman, Unang
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.95402

Abstract

Amomum is a pungent and aromatic plant genus that contains 150–180 species, where Southeast Asia is the center of endemism, with Indonesia indigenous to 24 breeds. These species are used as spices and traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. This paper aims to provide Amomum species summarized data regarding phytochemistry and biological activities. Several studies have been carried out on the fruits, seeds, roots, rhizomes, and leaves of Amomum species from 1999 to 2024, as approximately 127 metabolites were isolated as flavonoid, diterpenoid, diarylheptanoid, monoterpenoid, sesquiterpenoid, phenylpropanoid, phenolic, and steroid groups. Besides cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potentials; it also has an owed tendency for use as a chemical marker. The extracts and compounds obtained from the Amomum species were evaluated for biological activities, including cytotoxicity, antioxidant, anticancer, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, platelet antiaggregation, and antidiabetic properties. Tsaoko arilon (neolignane) had antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, with the highest reactions considered as lead compounds for further development. The findings highlighted the significance of using compounds from the Amomum genus in traditional medicine and the discovery of new medicines. Therefore, the results supported the concept of utilizing Amomum species as a potential source for producing biologically active compounds.

Page 182 of 196 | Total Record : 1956

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